本研究旨在瞭解目前國民中學教師工作壓力、學校組織健康與學校效能的現況。分析不同背景變項的國民中學之教師工作壓力、學校組織健康與學校效能差異的情形；最後探討教師工作壓力、學校組織健康與學校效能間的關係。本研究研究方法為文獻分析、問卷調查法，並對台北市、新北市國民中學教師進行調查，共發送500份問卷，回收439份問卷，有效問卷為395份，蒐集之資料分別以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、積差相關及多元迴歸等方法進行統計分析。 根據分析結果，歸納本研究結論如下： 一、不同年齡、學校規模之教師對工作壓力知覺有所差異。 二、不同年齡、職務、學校規模之教師對學校組織健康知覺有所差異。 三、不同年齡、學校規模之教師對學校效能知覺有所差異。 四、國民中學教師工作壓力及學校組織健康對學校效能有顯著之預測力 本研究建議如下： 一、建構健康的組織、減低教師工作壓力對組織健康形成正面作用 二、建立協助教師照顧家庭辦法 三、因應不同學校規模給予適當之協助 四、提供進修管道，充實行政知能 五、營造良好工作氣氛 / Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among teachers’ working stress, school organizational health , and school efficacy in junior high school . The study methods included literature analysis, questionnaires survey. The questionnaires were distributed to 500 teachers in Taipei city and New Taipei city junior high schools, and 395 vaild questionnaires were retrieved, with 79% of availability. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tset, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The main conclusions obtained were as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in teachers' perceptions of working stress due to the differences in the participants' age and school size. 2. There was a significant difference in teachers' perceptions of school organizational health due to the differences in the participants' age, position of service, and school size. 3. There was a significant difference in teachers' perceptions of school efficacy due to the differences in the participants' age and school size. 4. Both teachers’ work stress and school organizational health serve a predictive function on the school efficacy. According to the research results, this study offers several suggestions providing the education authorities, schools, and future researches to review.

本研究旨在探討花蓮縣國民小學學校組織健康和教師組織信任之關係。主要採取調查研究法，以花蓮縣102所公立國民小學教師為研究對象，抽取438位教師為樣本，回收有效問卷309份，以描述性統計分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、薛費法事後比較、皮爾遜積差相關及逐步多元迴歸分析等方法進行問卷資料之統計分析，依據研究結果，歸納出下述結論： 一、國民小學教師於學校組織健康知覺情形良好，其中以「重視學生學業成就」向度知覺程度最高，「資源影響性」向度知覺程度最低。 二、國民小學教師組織信任知覺情形良好，其中以「信任校長」向度知覺程度最高，「信任學校」向度知覺程度最低。 三、不同學校規模於學校組織健康之資源影響性向度上有顯著差異。 四、不同服務年資於教師組織信任各向度及整體上有顯著差異；擔任職務的不同於教師組織信任之信任同儕向度上有顯著差異。 五、國民小學學校整體組織健康與整體教師組織信任呈現高度正相關，其餘各向度之間均為中度正相關，且各向度及整體間均達.01顯著水準。 六、國民小學學校組織健康能有效預測教師組織信任。 根據上述研究結果提出具體建議，以供教育行政主管機關、學校教育工作者和未來相關研究之參酌。 關鍵字：學校組織健康、教師組織信任 / This study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational health and teacher’organization trust in Hualian elementary schools. Survey research was adopted. The subjects of this study were teachers in 102 public elementary schools of Hualian county. 438 questionnaires were distributed; 309 questionnaires were available. Descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one way analysis of variance, scheffe post hoc comparison test, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis were utilized to perform the statistical analysis of data. Based on the results of this study, the conclusions were drawn as below: 1. The awareness of elementary school teachers on the school organizational health is good. Among them, “Academic emphasis” ranks the top of all dimensions; “Resource influence” is the lowest dimension. 2. The awareness of elementary school teachers on the teacher’organizational trust is good. Among them, “Trust in the principal” ranks the top of all dimensions; “Trust in the school” is the lowest dimension. 3. There were significant differences in “Academic emphasis” of the school organizational health 4. Different service years have significant different dimensions of the teacher’organizational trust and overall dimensions; different positions have significant different dimensions of trust in colleagues under the item of the teacher’ organization trust. 5. There is a high positive correlation between the overall school organizational health and the overall teacher’organizational trust in elementary schools. Other dimensions have moderate positive correlations and the correlations between different dimensions and the overall dimension reach the significant level of 01. 6. The organizational health of elementary schools can effectively predict teacher’organizational trust. Specific suggestions were put forward based on the above results of study, which could be used as references for educational administration authorities, school educators and future related researches. Keywords: School Organizational Health, Teacher’Organizational Trust

本研究旨在探討國民中學校長家長式領導層面、學校組織健康與教師組織公民行為關係。研究方法為文獻分析與問卷調查法。研究對象為我國國民中學教師，共發出923份問卷，回收率76%，有效樣本共702份。問卷回收後分別以信度分析、描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、集群分析、變異數分析、多元迴歸及結構方程模式等統計方法進行分析。根據研究結果與分析歸納之研究結論如下： 壹、 國民中學教師感受較少校長威權領導行為、中等程度仁慈領導行為、較多德行領導行為。 貳、 國民中學學校組織健康程度尚佳。 參、 國民中學教師組織公民行為程度良好。 肆、 不同背景變項國民中學教師對校長家長式領導層面、學校組織健康及教師組織公民行為看法具顯著差異。 伍、 威權領導與仁慈領導、德行領導、學校組織健康、教師組織公民行為間具有顯著負相關；仁慈領導、德行領導、學校組織健康、教師組織公民行為間則具有顯著正相關。 陸、 國民中學校長家長式領導取向可區分為二種，且各取向在學校組織健康上具顯著差異。 柒、 國民中學校長家長式領導層面可顯著預測學校組織健康程度。 捌、 國民中學校長家長式領導層面及學校組織健康可顯著預測教師組織公民行為程度。 玖、 家長式領導層面、學校組織健康與教師組織公民行為因果關係模式適配度尚佳，其中仁慈領導對學校組織健康之整體效果最高，學校組織健康則對教師組織公民行為之整體效果最高。 最後，本研究依研究結論分別提出以下建議： 壹、 對國民中學校長領導的建議 一、強化仁慈領導程度。 二、強化德行領導程度。 三、轉變威權領導。 貳、 對教育工作者的建議 一、提升學校自主性。 二、校長應致力營造高倡導高關懷的組織氣候。 三、提升校長影響力並作好行政支援教學工作。 四、適時激勵教師工作士氣，營造對學校的認同感。 參、 對後續研究的建議 分別對研究對象、變項及方法等方面，對未來研究提出建議。 / This study is focused on investigating the relationship among paternalistic leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior in public junior high schools. The research process includes literature review and questionnaire survey. The population of this study is the junior high school teachers across Taiwan. 923 questionnaires were distributed, and 76% of them about 702 questionnaires were returned. The data is analyzed through reliability analysis, descriptive statistic, Pearson product-moment correlation, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, multipack regression and SEM. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. Junior high school teachers show low level of perception in authoritarianism leadership, median level of perception in benevolence leadership , high level of perception in moral leadership, high level of perception in organizational health, and very high level of perception in organizational citizenship behavior. 2. Junior high school teachers with different background show different opinions in paternalistic leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior. 3. Authoritarianism leadership has a negative correlation with benevolence leadership, moral leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior; there is a positive correlation among benevolence leadership, moral leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior. 4. There are two approaches of paternalistic leadership, and they have different impact on organizational health. 5. The paternalistic leadership can predict organizational health significantly; the paternalistic leadership together with organizational health can predict organizational citizenship behavior significantly. 6. The structure relation among paternalistic leadership, organizational health, and organizational citizenship behavior is good. The suggestions of the study are as follows: 1. The suggestions for junior high school principals. (1)Improving the benevolence leadership ability. (2) Improving the moral leadership ability. (3)Transforming the authoritarianism leadership. 2. The suggestions for junior high school educators. (1)Raising the school integrity. (2)Principals should try their best to create a organizational climate with high level of consideration and initiating structure. (3) Principals should boost their influence on their supervisors, and provide teachers with sufficient resources. (4)Inspiring teacher’s moral in time, and boosting their identification with schools. 3. The suggestions for further studies. This study advises some implications on research subjects, variables, and methods.

本研究係對台灣天主教中等學校校長道德領導、學校組織健康與學校效能三個變項進行受訪教職員知覺調查與描述、比較不同背景變項的教職員差異是否顯著、探討校長道德領導、學校組織健康對學校效能相關性及預測性，依據研究所得結論,分別對台灣天主教中等學校董事會、學校當局、教育人員及後續研究者提出建議，以做為推展校長道德領導、精進學校組織健康及提高學校效能之參考。 本研究使用問卷調查法，以t檢訂、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸等統計方法，探討台灣天主教中等學校校長道德領導、學校組織健康與學校效能之關係。 經由文獻的蒐集與探討，提出本研究的研究架構模式圖。研究對象為台灣天主教中等學校435位教職員，研究工具係組合陳浩、秦夢群、蔡玲玲三位各自編寫之「校長道德領導」、「學校組織健康」與「學校效能」問卷。 透過統計分析與討論,本研究獲得以下結論: 一、台灣天主教中等學校教職員知覺校長道德領導、學校組織健康與學校效能之現況屬中高程度。 二、台灣天主教中等學校教職員在人員背景變項對校長道德領導、學校組織健康與學校效能的知覺，大部分未達顯著差異。 三、台灣天主教中等學校校長道德領導、學校組織健康與學校效能三者間具有正向關聯性。 四、台灣天主教中等學校校長道德領導與學校組織健康對學校效能均具有正向預測力。 / This study aims to examine the relationship among the principals’ moral leadership, school organization health, and school effectiveness in Taiwan Catholic secondary schools. Through the organization status description, comparison between different teacher background variables, the correlation with the principals’ moral leadership, school organizational health to forecast school effectiveness was discussed. Finally, it proposes suggestions for Taiwan's Catholic secondary school boards, school authorities, educators and subsequent researchers for further improvement of school effectiveness. This study uses questionnaires survey, t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression and other statistical methods to explore Taiwan's Catholic secondary school moral leadership, the organizational health and schools' effectiveness. Through the collection and discussion of the literature, this study proposes the study frmaework. The questionnaire interviewing 435 Taiwan Catholic secondary school faculties, is developed by the results of moral leadership, school organization and school effectiveness relationship of health from the research of Chen, Qin, and Tsai. Through statistical analysis and discussion, this study obtains the following conclusions: 1. Taiwan Catholic secondary school staff has medium-to-high perception of moral leadership, organizational status of school health and school performance. 2. Taiwan Catholic secondary school faculty staff’s background variancees show insignificant differences in surveying the principals’ moral leadership of principals, school organization and school effectiveness of health. 3. Taiwan Catholic secondary school moral leadership, school health and school performance of the organizations have a positive correlation. 4. Taiwan Catholic secondary school moral leadership and school organization health have a positive predictive power for the effectiveness of school.

本研究旨在建構並驗證私立高中職學校校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能之模式，並比較不同教師背景變項及學校背景變項的差異，依據研究所得結論，分別對教育主管行政機關、私立高中職董事會、私立高中職學校及後續研究者提出建議，以做為推展校長分布式領導，促進學校組織健康，及提升學校效能之參考。 本研究使用問卷調查法，以單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸、結構方程模式等統計方法，探討私立高中職學校校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能之關係及模式驗證。經由文獻的蒐集與探討，提出本研究的研究架構和路徑關係模式圖。研究對象為北北基私立高中職學校600位教師；研究工具為研究者自編之私立高中職學校校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能關係之調查問卷。 透過統計分析與討論，本研究獲得以下結論： 一、私立高中職學校教師覺知校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能之現況屬中高程度。 二、私立高中職學校部分教師在人員背景變項與學校背景變項對校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能的覺知具有顯著差異。 三、私立高中職學校校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能三者間具有正向關聯性。 四、私立高中職學校校長分布式領導、學校組織健康對學校效能均具有正向預測力。 五、本研究所建構之私立高中職學校校長分布式領導、學校組織健康與學校效能之結構方程模式具有良好適配度。 / The study aims to construct and examine the model of principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and effectiveness in private senior and vocational high schools, and compare differences in variances of teachers’ background and schools’ background. The outcomes and suggestions provide substantial references for educational authorities and administrations, the board of directors in private senior and vocational high schools, private senior and vocational high schools, and future researchers to promote principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness. This study adopted questionnaire survey and statistical methods such as one-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlations Coefficient, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the association and model of principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness in private senior and vocational high schools. The framework of research and the path analysis module diagram were constructed on the basis of literature reviews. The subjects of the study included 600 teachers teaching in private senior and vocational high schools in Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung. The research tool of survey questionnaire was created by the researcher, containing constructs of distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness. Based on data analysis and discussions, the conclusions are as follows: 1. Participating teachers perceived that the principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness presented a middle to high level. 2. For some participating teachers, there are significant differences between the two variables of teachers’ background and schools’ background on the perceived principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness. 3. There is a positive correlation between the variables of principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness. 4. Both principals’ distributed leadership and school health show a positive prediction power to school effectiveness. 5. The SEM constructed for the principals’ distributed leadership, school health, and school effectiveness showed a goodness of fit.