無擔保小額信貸業務為銀行經營主要業務之一，更是銀行重要的收益來源，銀行在辦理該項授信業務時，會依據貸放品質的安全性為首要考量，同時也會注意資金運用的流動性，重視授信業務經營的收益性，也會選擇成長性較高的企業戶往來，並兼顧經濟環境或政策需要的公益性，在授信原則下審核是否貸放給個人或企業。 銀行經營無擔保小額信貸業務的成效關鍵，在於能否正確判斷並掌握風險，所以運用各種風險偵測的模型，在無擔保小額信貸業務的經營更顯重要，在能清楚正確辨識風險的前提下，再依據風險的高低來決定案件的准駁、利率價格或貸放額度，才能真正控制該業務經營的風險。 本研究案是以銀行無擔保小額信貸業務為對象，初期銀行案件徵審運用「期初進件模型」一維單模型計算風險，為能更有效提高風險計算的精準度，現行已經發展同時運用「期初進件模型」及「期中管理模型」二維雙模型計算風險。本研究運用實際案件進行架構分析，印證二維雙模型在案件風險的掌握度要比一維單模型高，且從驗證資料中得知，二維雙模型計算能更有效辨識風險。最後本研究導入利率訂價，用以比較一維及二維模型的獲利差異，發現二維模型對經營的價值有明顯的提升作用；當系統試算最佳化的狀況下，加入第三個維度C卡模型時，發現對風險控管的表現會更佳，對經營獲利將更有幫助。

This paper begins with an introduction to the concept of microfinance, lending models in India and key strengths of Indian MFIs. The term microfinance refers to small-scale financial services both credit and savings- that are extended to the poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas. The poor need microfinance to undertake economic activity, smoothen consumption, mitigate vulnerability to income shocks (in times of illness and natural disasters), increase saving and support self-empowerment. This paper discuss about Nokia initiative to further increase mobile penetration in India via microfinance root. Nokia found most of the people living in village and they don’t have money to buy mobile phone by cash. Nokia had tied up with microfinance institutions SKS microfinance to sell mobile phone which will help poor peoples. Microfinance sector has been growing at upwards of 50 % per annum – even higher than the mobile phone industry. The trend towards marketing in small, relatively poor communities on the part of multinational corporations (MNCs) is picking up as microfinance increases purchasing power amongst rural consumers. This paper will discuss particularly Nokia’s success in microfinance and how it helps Nokia to consider as number one (#1) most trusted brand in India. This paper also analyzes the conceptual framework of micro financing in India and impact of microfinance on rural poor. The role of Self Help Group (SGH) , lending institutions , central bank and Government. The success and controversy faced by microfinance institutions. Many finance experts are discussing and commenting microfinance is India’s subprime. The paper offers some suggestions on what it would take to reform these institutions with an eye to improving access for the poor and entrepreneur skill.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law