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從工作塑造看工作創新-以台灣大車隊為例 / Job Innovation from Job Crafting- A Study of Emergent Practice of Taiwan Taxi Cabbies吳昭怡, Wu, Jau Yi Unknown Date (has links)
本文主題為從工作塑造觀點來看計程車司機的工作創新。
過去的組織學觀點裡,工作是由管理人來定義,組織需要什麼功能,就依此去打造職缺,所以是因事就人。這樣的做法,往往造成員工對現況不滿,消極者繼續待在原職,卻發揮不出最大效力。更有甚者,選擇直接離開組織,造成人才流失的危機。因此,西方管理學界主張,讓員工自行塑造工作樣貌,而在重塑的過程裡,也有機會為組織帶來創新。
在本研究裡,我們以計程車司機做為研究對象,觀察理論在現實的工作現場究是如何實踐出來。在第肆章所描述的六個個案,皆來自台灣大車隊的別緻社群。這是一個自發性成立的司機社群,從生理及心理層面,在在填補司機因職責或社會認同上而引發的不滿足。
從源頭來看,在六個個案裡,我們可以看到不同的司機,在不同的時空,會產生不同的工作塑造動機。由此可知,「個人脈絡」對司機進行工作塑造的影響力。再從結果來看,社群在工作塑造的過程裡,扮演極其重要的角色。透由社群,資深成員得以傳播對工作、對自我的正向態度與行為,而新進成員也因此有了工作塑造的動機與方向感。本文認為,社群在計程車司機所處的「工作脈絡」裡,的確有促進工作塑造的效用存在。
基於上述發現,本研究建議台灣大車隊可透過這六個工作塑造的實務,重新省思現有營運策略。意即,除了從經濟目的影響司機行為,亦可從心理需求著手。
在隊員招募上可加重對其人格特質的評量,以篩出有潛力的工作塑造者。訓練部分,除了車機使用和公司規範的教導,亦可循序漸進導入服務概念。工作塑造的結果,若是沒有得到組織回應,恐會造成員工士氣低迷。是故,台灣大車隊應加強和隊員間的溝通與互動,及時給予表現出正向態度與行為的司機肯定與支持。另外,也可鼓勵成立如別緻般的非正式社群,促成更多元的工作創新。
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非財務性衡量指標與徵授信分工對員工績效之影響-實地實證研究 / Impact of Nonfinancial Performance Measures and Job Design on Employee Performance -- A Field Empirical Investigation楊朝旭, Yang, Chaur-Shiuh Unknown Date (has links)
本文以實地實證研究方法,探討「非財務性績效衡量指標」與「工作設計」此二項誘因工具對員工績效的影響。實地研究對象為一家商業銀行,研究期間為1993-1997;該行於1995年7月開始採用非財務性績效衡量指標,並自1996年1月選擇五家分行實施徵、授信分工。
本文首先利用個案銀行17位授信員連續60個月所構成的縱查資料(panel data),以固定影響模型(fixed-effects model)分析非財務性績效衡量指標誘因工具對員工績效的影響,發現銀行授信人員之績效考核制度中,加入授信不良率與脫落率非財務性衡量指標後,雖然授信員努力的重分配導致其授信金額與利息收入財務績效變差,但授信員的授信不良率與脫落率非財務績效變佳,整體而言,授信利潤有顯著的改善。
本文另以實施徵、授信分工前後,51名授信員的績效資料,採中斷的時間序列設計(interrupted time-series design),檢定非財務性績效衡量指標與工作設計配合採用後,員工的績效是否較佳。分析結果顯示,存在非財務績效衡量指標之獎酬制度下,配合實施徵、授信分工的授信員,其授信金額及授信不良率績效顯著較徵、授信合一之授信員為佳。 / This thesis reports the results of a longitudinal field study examining the impact of nonfinancial performance measures and job design on employee performance. A commercial bank was the research site. The bank adopted nonfinancial performance measures in July 1995 and redesigned jobs in retail banking credit underwriting at five branches in January 1996. Prior to the job redesign, sales representatives were jointly responsible for all credit underwriting functions including credit extension and credit servicing. After the change, sales representatives were only responsible for credit extension while credit servicing was handled by credit decidion-makers.
Panel data for 17 sales representatives over 60 months (1993 through 1997) were obtained to assess the effects of adopting nonfinancial measures on employee performance. Using fixed-effects regression analysis, the results are consistent with the predictions of agency theory: although loan volume and interest revenue decreased following adoption of nonfinancial measures to evaluate and compensate the performance of sales representatives, loan profit increased significantly.
This thesis also hypothesizes that employee performance increases with the fit between incentive systems based on nonfinancial measures and job design. The empirical tests of this prediction rely on an interrupted time-series design, using performance data of 51 sales representatives in the 1995-1997 period. After the change in job design-separation of the credit underwriting jobs-alogn with introduction of incentive systems based on nonfinancial measures, the treatment group demonstrated greater improvements in productivity and quality performance. This result supports the hypothesis developed.
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