本研究以工業地域為核心，探討台灣地區不同工業地域類型的特性及其與廠商生產力之關聯。為有合適的地理單元，首先以台灣本島地區為主體，按四個準則劃分出39個工業空間分析單元，再以製造業LQ大於1、製造業員工數高於五萬人兩個指標，以聯集概念篩選成26個工業地域，作為本研究之地理空間範圍。綜整文獻中工業地域的分歧定義，歸納出狹義和廣義兩種工業地域的定義。 以往文獻對於工業地域類型劃分，總不脫質化歸納的框架，本研究則專注於以次級資料區分不同工業地域類型的可能性。先以因素分析萃取出創新綜效、科技體制與競爭潛能三個因素構面，使變數更為聚焦、精鍊，再採取因素分數為準則變數進行集群分析，將工業地域區分為四種不同類型，不同地域類型隱含相異的外部創新氛圍。集群一為「首都優勢型」，因屬首都所在地，故科技機構林立，公共投資建設較其他區域為多，並有大量生產性服務業輔助，享有動態外部經濟。集群二為「能力養成型」，其製造業能量和研發能力相對較低，競爭能量有待加強，但也有若干地域擁有不錯的條件，將來或許能晉升為其他類型。集群三為「群聚支持型」，有大量製造業廠商及員工聚集，是以產業群聚為基礎持續發展，擁有生產的優勢。集群四為「科學基礎型」，乃新竹科學園區主要基地所在，具特殊氛圍、社群網絡及科技研發導向，適合採取以研發為主的發展模式。 此外，本研究以迴歸分析驗證地域類型、跨國佈局等外部因素對於廠商生產力變動的影響。結果顯示首都優勢型和科學基礎型所代表的外部創新氛圍確能影響廠商生產力，尤其是對於科技製造業而言更是如此。但在傳統製造業廠商次樣本中，地域類型變數未呈顯著情形，跨國佈局才是影響廠商生產力變動的原因。

在主要的文獻中皆認為工業地域能帶來外部經濟，諸如: 廠商在工業地域中能受益於外部知識以及依賴外部知識的資源、仰賴外部知識的關係，而成為廠商創新的動能。 據此，我們以生物科技產業作為觀察對象，觀察工業地域廠商研發績效的研究。首先，將台灣劃分為北、中、南三個主要之工業地域，其次以「工業地域」、「產業群聚」、「地理鄰近性」以及「研發網絡」等四項外部性因素觀察在此區域下廠商之研發績效，第三，我們同時分析影響生物科技產業研發績效的內部因素，包括「研發部門」、「員工人數」、「研發人數」以及「研發支出」。 研究結果顯示，地理鄰近性有利於知識的分享，交互作用在廠商的學習與創新。而我們也發現，產業群聚對生物科技產業之研發績效是很重要的影響因素。除此之外，一般研究所實證的「員工人數」以及「研發人數」對廠商之研發績效有影響，在本研究也得到了一致性的證實，由此顯示豐沛的知識是生物科技產業的核心。最後，我們驗證低研發支出對生物科技產業的研發績效呈現負相關，以及生物科技產業之研發績效在劃分的三個工業地域表現中，無顯著之差異。 關鍵字：工業地域、研發績效 / The body literature tends to assume that industrial district can increase external economies. For example, all the competitiveness firms in a industrial district can get the benefit from external knowledge. Depending on exteral sources of knowledge and relationships will be the energy of innovation. Accordingly, our research examines the effect of industrial district on the R&D performance of biotechnology industry . In this study, first we demarcate three main industrial clustering districts in Taiwan. Second, we observe the R&D performance in the three main industrial clustering districts by four external factors which are industrial district, industry cluster, geographical proximity and R&D network.; and third we also analyze internal factors on the impact of performance of biotechnology industry, which are R&D department, number of employees, R&D personnel and R&D expense. Results show that geographical proximity facilitates knowledge sharing and interactive learning and innovation. Moreover, we find that industry cluster is an important factor of R&D performance of biotechnology industry. In addition, the general claim that number of employees and R&D personnel are helpful to firm’s R&D performance. In our research we find the same conclusion, that shows abounding knowledge is the core of the biotechnology industry. Finally, the empirical results indicate that low R&D expense is negatively related to R&D performance, and there is no different performance on Taiwan’s three main industrial clustering districts. Keywords:Industrial district, R&D performance

2005年天下雜誌製造業一千大資料顯示，國內企業總部有四成比例分佈在台北都會區，而近年來新竹科學園區的崛起對台灣經濟發展有其不可忽視的力量，而其形塑帶來新的產業空間意象（知名地域品牌）、高科技產業群聚以及產業網絡發展更進一步帶動周邊廠商或總部在新竹縣市聚集。 回顧近代區位選擇理論及企業總部相關文獻，指出生產性服務業及創新氛圍對製造業總部在地理空間區位選擇具有關鍵性的影響；並透過觀察臺灣地區各縣市企業總部分佈情形及兩岸分工的現況分析，藉由logist統計分析並以深入訪談方式確認企業設置總部區位分佈因素，提出以下結論：觀察發現製造業企業總部空間分佈差異性頗大，其中制度因素透過統計分析結果證實會對企業總部區位分佈產生影響，尤其是大廠在總部區位分佈上比較偏好工業地域（台北及新竹縣市）。 在兩岸專業分工方面，形成特定地域擁有科技產業群聚，並可發現其地理空間分佈以新竹科學園區、南港軟體園區及內湖科技園區為主，前兩者為制度下的產物，而後者則為民間自主力量，由內湖科技園區、南港軟體園區以及新竹科學園區，以及北部地區充足的知識設施及產、官、學界共同建構出的創新氛圍確實影響企業總部區位分佈。 企業總部主要是組織上指揮系統的概念，總部提供各子公司所需要的技術、資金、行銷策略和在地化的配套措施，近年國內製造業廠商大量出走對岸，導致國內產業及組織發生結構性的改變，基於國際化競爭及全球化佈局之際，企業如何調適與轉型即成為未來生存的關鍵所在。建議政府未來持續培育優質研發環境及高素質人力資源，持續強化創新氛圍塑造產業發展優質環境。 / According to the 1,000 major manufacturing industry in Taiwan,’ 40% of domestic enterprise headquarters are located in the Taipei metropolis. In recent years, the emergence of Hsinchu Science Park shows strength of economic development in Taiwan. This strength further moulds and brings the new industry space image (famous region brand), the industry cluster, as well as the development of industry network. Moreover, these factors drive related manufacturer or general headquarters to assemble in Hsinchu. Reviews of modern position theory and general headquarters point out that the productive service industry and innovative atmosphere have critical influence on sing geographical space position for the manufacturing industry. This study observes the general headquarters of enterprises of all counties and cities in Taiwan; By using logist statistical analysis and the interview method to confirm distribution factors of general headquarters position, this study propose the following conclusions. There is great difference in the space distribution of general headquarters between manufacturing industry enterprises. Among them, the statistical analysis confirms that the factor of system has influence on the position of enterprises general headquarters. Especially, as far as the general headquarters location is concerned, big factories have preference for choosing industrial regions. For the part of division among specialized deartments of two sides, clusters of scientific and technological industry, which form specific regions, are located mainly in Hsinchu Science Park, Nankang Software Park, and Neihu Technology Park. The first two parks are products of government systems, while the third one is established by independent strength of private companies. It is showed that the innovative atmosphere, which is composed of the above three parks and sufficient knowledge facilities in northern Taiwan, indeed influences locations of enterprises general headquarters. The general headquarters of enterprises are mainly the concept of the command system in an organization. It is suggested that the government should keep cultivate research/development environment and high quality human resources, and strength innovative atmosphere to mould better industry environments in the future.