為瞭解在不同的母親(教育程度、就業狀況)及幼兒(性別、家中子女數)背景變項下，母親管教方式(要求、反應)、親子依附關係(安全依附、逃避混亂及矛盾)對幼兒社會行為表現(攻擊、退縮、分心、利社會、親和及獨立)的關係，乃以臺北市公立幼兒園的117位四到六歲幼兒及其母親為研究對象，使用「個人基本資料表」、「母親管教方式量表」、「幼兒依附關係量表」及「兒童社會行為量表」作為研究工具，對搜集所得之資料進行統計分析，所得之主要研究結果如下： 1.當前幼兒知覺母親採用較多「要求」、較少「反應」的管教方式。 2.幼兒與母親間的依附關係依次為「安全依附」、「逃避混亂」、「矛盾」。 3.目前台北市幼兒表現最多的為「親和行為」，其次依序為「獨立行為」、「利社會行為」、「退縮行為」、「分心行為」，「攻擊行為」表現最少。 4.男生比女生表現較多的「攻擊行為」；家中有1個子女的家庭，其子女的「分心行為」比家中有2個子女的幼兒多；家中有2個子女的家庭的幼兒比有1個及3個或以上家庭的幼兒，表現較多的「獨立行為」。 5.「要求」的管教方式主要與幼兒「利社會」、「親和」的正向社會行為有正相關，「反應」的管教方式則與幼兒「退縮」、「分心」的負向社會行為有正相關。 6.「安全依附」與「利社會」、「親和」及「獨立」的正向社會行為間存有正相關；「逃避混亂」與幼兒「攻擊」、「分心」行為有正相關，「矛盾」與「退縮行為」有正相關。 7.母親及幼兒的背景變項、母親管教方式及親子依附關係等變項，均能有效預測幼兒的社會行為表現。 最後，根據上述研究結果，針對家庭、學校、社會及未來研究提出積極性的建議。 / In order to find out under different background variables of mother (educational level, employment status) and child (gender, numbers of children), the relationship between mother parenting style (demand, responsiveness), mother-child attachment relationship (security attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment ) and children social behavior (attack, retreat, distraction, pro-social, affinity and independent). The research objects were four to six year-old children of public kindergartens in Taipei City. The total returned questionnaires were 117. After statistical analysis, the major findings of this research were as follow: 1.Currently, children’s perception of their mothers’ parenting used more “demandingness” and less “responsiveness”. 2.Most of the mother-child attachment was “security attachment”, and then was “avoidant attachment” and “ambivalent attachment”. 3.The most performed children social behavior was “affinity behavior”, and then “independent behavior”, “pro-social behavior”, “retreat behavior”, “distracted behavior” and “attack behavior”. 4.Boys behaved more “attack behavior” than girls. Families with one child, their children behaved more “distracted behavior” than families with two children. Families with two children, their children behaved more “independent behavior” than families with one child and three or more children. 5.“Demand” parenting style had a positive relationship between “pro-social behavior” and “affinity behavior”; “responsiveness” parenting style had a positive relationship between “retreat behavior” and “distracted behavior”. 6.“Secured attachment” had a positive relationship between “pro-social behavior”, “affinity behavior” and “independent behavior”; “avoidant attachment” had a positive relationship between “attack behavior” and “distracted behavior”; “ambivalent attachment” had a positive relationship between “retreat behavior”. 7.Background variables of mother and child, mother parenting style and mother-child attachment relationship, could predict children’s social behavior. According to the results of this study, some suggestions were made for parents, kindergartens, society and further studies.