本研究旨在探討桃園縣國中生的愛情態度與依附關係之現況、各背景變項在愛情態度及依附關係的差異情形、愛情態度與依附關係的相關情形以及依附關係對不同愛情態度之預測情形。 為達上述之研究目的，本研究採問卷調查法，以桃園縣九十六學年度公立國中二年級學生為受試樣本，總共562人，有效樣本為524人，可用率為93.23 %。本研究工具為「愛情態度量表」、「父母與同儕依附量表」，研究所得資料以描述統計、變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關與逐步多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。 根據研究主要發現，歸納本研究結論如下︰ ㄧ、桃園縣國中生的愛情態度主要偏向「友伴之愛」；桃園縣國中生的依附關係主要偏向「同儕依附」。 二、桃園縣國中生的愛情態度與依附關係會因背景不同而有差異。 三、桃園縣國中生的愛情態度與依附關係之間有顯著相關。 四、桃園縣國中生的依附關係對不同的愛情態度具有預測效果。 最後根據本研究結果，研究者提出數項建議以供家長、學校教師及未來研究做參考，以期有助於大眾對國中生愛情態度與依附關係的了解。

本研究旨在探討人口變項、父母教養行為、依附關係與雙胞胎的個人化之關係。本研究以76位成年雙胞胎為研究參與者（男性31人，女性45人），所使用的工具包括「雙胞胎個人化量表」、「雙胞胎父母教養行為量表」及「雙胞胎依附關係量表」。資料分析以描述統計、單因子單變量變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析及多元迴歸等統計方法進行分析。 本研究的主要發現如下： 一、 在現況方面，本研究之成年雙胞胎在個人化及依附關係的的得分偏高。在父親及母親教養行為的類別以父母親使用較多「情感支持」行為的成年雙胞胎居多；依附關係的類別則以屬於「安全天堂」及「趨近尋求」等安全依附關係的成年雙胞胎人數最多。 二、 不同人口變項的成年雙胞胎，其個人化程度有差異。不同年齡、雙胞胎本身的社經地位在個人化的有顯著差異。而不同性別、父母的社經地位、胎性、雙胞胎排行、家中手足總數的成年雙胞胎在個人化則沒有顯著差異。 三、 經歷不同父親及母親教養行為的成年雙胞胎，其個人化的程度有差異，即父親及母親「情感支持」教養行為較多，整體「個人化」及「分化」的程度較高；父親「拒絕」教養行為使用較多，則「獨立」的程度較低。 四、 不同依附關係的成年雙胞胎，其個人化的程度沒有差異。 五、 父親「情感支持」教養行為、母親「情感支持」教養行為、「趨近尋求」依附關係、「安全天堂」依附關係，對個人化的表現有正向預測效果。其中以父親「情感支持」行為的預測效果最好。 六、 父親「拒絕」教養行為、父親「一致性」教養行為、母親「拒絕」教養行為、母親「一致性」教養行為、「分離抗拒」依附關係對個人化的表現有負向預測效果。其中以父親「拒絕」教養行為為主要預測變項，其次是母親「拒絕」教養行為。 最後，根據本研究之主要發現提出若干建議，以供雙胞胎父母與未來研究之參考。 關鍵詞：成年雙胞胎、個人化、父母教養行為、依附關係 / The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between adult twins’ parental rearing behaviors, attachment relationship, demographic variables and their individuality. The participants were 76 adult twins (31 males and 45 females). The employed instruments included Individuality Inventory for Twins, Parental Rearing Behavior Inventory for Twins, and Attachment Relationship Inventory for Twins. The applied analysis methods were Descriptive Statistics, One-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance, One-way Analysis of Variance, and Multiple Regression. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. The adult twins in this study had an above-average level of individuality and attachment relationship. As for the categories, most twins belonged to the attachment of “safe heaven” and “proximity seeking,” and most twins belonged to the parental rearing behavior of “emotional warmth”. 2. The adult twins’ age and socioeconomic status had significant effects on their performance of individuality. However, the adults twins’ gender, zygosity, birth order of twins, number of siblings, and their parents’ socioeconomic status had no significant effects on their performance of individuality. 3. The adult twins who experienced different parental rearing behaviors had varied level of individuality. More specifically, those who experienced more parental behaviors of “emotional warmth” outperformed their counterparts in overall individuality and the index of “differentiation,” while those who experienced less “rejection” behaviors from their fathers outperformed their counterparts in the index of “independence”. 4. Adult twins with different attachment relationship did not differ in their performance of individuality. 5. Father’s and mother’s rearing behaviors of “emotional warmth” and the attachment of “proximity seeking” and “safe heaven,” especially father’s rearing behaviors of “emotional warmth,” could positively predict the adult twins’ performance of individuality. 6. Father’s and mother’s rearing behaviors of “rejection” and “consistency” and the attachment of “separation protest,” especially father’s rearing behaviors of “rejection,” could negatively predict the adult twins’ performance of individuality. Finally, after discussion, some suggestions were proposed for the parents of twins and future research. Keywords: Adult Twins, Individuality, Parental Rearing Behaviors, Attachment Relationship.

本研究旨在探討二專學生的心理分離，依附關係與其生涯定向之關係。研究以全國分北、中、南三區共九所專科學校之日間部二專一、二年級之學生為研究對象，共計797名。本研究使用之研究工具包括「心理分離量表」、「父母依附量表」、及「生涯定向問卷」。所得之資料以描述統計、變異數分析、相關分析、多元迴歸分析及典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理。研究的主要發現如下： 二專學生在與父母的心理分離程度中等，其中「互動衝突獨立」較好，「情緒獨立」較差；與父母多為安全依附關係；對自己生涯方向的確定及滿意略低於中等程度；較可能遇到影響其生涯定向的問題為「生涯決策焦慮」及「認識不足」。 其次，與父母越有安全依附關係者，其衝突獨立方面越好，但在功能、情緒及態度方面則較依賴父母。 而互動衝突獨立較差、功能越依賴父母、及與父母無安全依附關係的二專男生，對其生涯目標越不滿意，且較多生涯不確定之問題。和父母越為衝突獨立、功能及情緒上較不依賴父母之二專女生，較滿意於其生涯目標，且較少生涯不確定之問題。 針對本研究結果建議父母能在支持的關係裡，鼓勵青少年發展獨立自主，以協助二專學生之發展，以及學校在生涯定向輔導策略上，可加強學生生涯決策能力和由與父母之關係來了解其生涯定向之問題，並且在生涯定向的問題上，不同性別之學生可考慮以不同的方向加以輔導。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships amongpsychological separation, attachment, and career indecision. The samples consisted of 797 students from nine colleges in Taiwan. Instruments usedin this study were "Psychological Separation Inventory", "Inventory ofParent and Peer Attachment", "Career Development Questionnaire". Datain this study were analyzed by analysis of variance, correlation, multiplestepwise regression analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. Themain findings were as follow: The score in PSI for college students are moderated, in which "conflictual independence" is better, but "emotional independence" is worse. The relationship with their parents is security attachment. Their assuranceand satisfaction toward career setting are lower than averages. The possibleproblem affecting their career indecision are "anxity of career decision making" and "incompehension of career". Secondary, the students who got stronger patent attachment exhibitedbetter in conflictual independence, but they are more depend on parentsin function, emotion, and attitude. The college male students who exhibited more conflictual dependence, functional dependence, in conjoint with worse parent attachment wereexperienced more career indecision problems. For female students, whoexhibited better conflictual independence, functional independence and emotional independence were better in career decision. The suggestion from this study to the parents is to encouragethe adolescent to develop independence with a supporting relationshipwith their children. Also, the suggestion to the school counselors areto strength students' abilities in career decision making and to helpstudents who with career indecision problem by understanding of relationshipwith their parents.

為瞭解在不同的母親(教育程度、就業狀況)及幼兒(性別、家中子女數)背景變項下，母親管教方式(要求、反應)、親子依附關係(安全依附、逃避混亂及矛盾)對幼兒社會行為表現(攻擊、退縮、分心、利社會、親和及獨立)的關係，乃以臺北市公立幼兒園的117位四到六歲幼兒及其母親為研究對象，使用「個人基本資料表」、「母親管教方式量表」、「幼兒依附關係量表」及「兒童社會行為量表」作為研究工具，對搜集所得之資料進行統計分析，所得之主要研究結果如下： 1.當前幼兒知覺母親採用較多「要求」、較少「反應」的管教方式。 2.幼兒與母親間的依附關係依次為「安全依附」、「逃避混亂」、「矛盾」。 3.目前台北市幼兒表現最多的為「親和行為」，其次依序為「獨立行為」、「利社會行為」、「退縮行為」、「分心行為」，「攻擊行為」表現最少。 4.男生比女生表現較多的「攻擊行為」；家中有1個子女的家庭，其子女的「分心行為」比家中有2個子女的幼兒多；家中有2個子女的家庭的幼兒比有1個及3個或以上家庭的幼兒，表現較多的「獨立行為」。 5.「要求」的管教方式主要與幼兒「利社會」、「親和」的正向社會行為有正相關，「反應」的管教方式則與幼兒「退縮」、「分心」的負向社會行為有正相關。 6.「安全依附」與「利社會」、「親和」及「獨立」的正向社會行為間存有正相關；「逃避混亂」與幼兒「攻擊」、「分心」行為有正相關，「矛盾」與「退縮行為」有正相關。 7.母親及幼兒的背景變項、母親管教方式及親子依附關係等變項，均能有效預測幼兒的社會行為表現。 最後，根據上述研究結果，針對家庭、學校、社會及未來研究提出積極性的建議。 / In order to find out under different background variables of mother (educational level, employment status) and child (gender, numbers of children), the relationship between mother parenting style (demand, responsiveness), mother-child attachment relationship (security attachment, avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment ) and children social behavior (attack, retreat, distraction, pro-social, affinity and independent). The research objects were four to six year-old children of public kindergartens in Taipei City. The total returned questionnaires were 117. After statistical analysis, the major findings of this research were as follow: 1.Currently, children’s perception of their mothers’ parenting used more “demandingness” and less “responsiveness”. 2.Most of the mother-child attachment was “security attachment”, and then was “avoidant attachment” and “ambivalent attachment”. 3.The most performed children social behavior was “affinity behavior”, and then “independent behavior”, “pro-social behavior”, “retreat behavior”, “distracted behavior” and “attack behavior”. 4.Boys behaved more “attack behavior” than girls. Families with one child, their children behaved more “distracted behavior” than families with two children. Families with two children, their children behaved more “independent behavior” than families with one child and three or more children. 5.“Demand” parenting style had a positive relationship between “pro-social behavior” and “affinity behavior”; “responsiveness” parenting style had a positive relationship between “retreat behavior” and “distracted behavior”. 6.“Secured attachment” had a positive relationship between “pro-social behavior”, “affinity behavior” and “independent behavior”; “avoidant attachment” had a positive relationship between “attack behavior” and “distracted behavior”; “ambivalent attachment” had a positive relationship between “retreat behavior”. 7.Background variables of mother and child, mother parenting style and mother-child attachment relationship, could predict children’s social behavior. According to the results of this study, some suggestions were made for parents, kindergartens, society and further studies.