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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

資訊隱私權保障與網路犯罪通訊監察法制

陳信郎, chen, hsin-lang Unknown Date (has links)
本文架構共分五章: 第一章為緒論,旨在說明本論文之研究動機、問題意識、研究範圍、研究方法及架構說明,其中並說明網際網路發展之簡介、網際網路對資訊隱私權與犯罪偵查之影響。 第二章所欲討論者,乃資訊隱私權之發展與內涵。在本章中,首先就隱私權發展最早的美國,說明該國最高法院司法實務對於憲法層次隱私權概念建立與保障上,所做出的幾個重要性判決。之後再針對資訊隱私權的意義說明,並討論資訊隱私權的憲法爭議範圍,其中尤以憲法第四修正案的適用最為重要,故獨立討論該條之規範對象,並就該條中搜索的意義、實施搜索的實質原因與程序要件,及違反第四修正案之所產生的證據排除效果介紹之。次就資訊隱私權於我國憲法之依據及內涵,討論我國有關憲法層次的隱私權,在權利形成方法上,是否有全盤移植美國法制之必要,亦或針對我國憲法,提供資訊隱私權更明確的依據。第三部分則就侵害資訊隱私權之違憲審查,討論我國憲法有關侵害資訊隱私權,在抽象法律層次的違憲審查標準,及在具體案件中,是否有引進美國證據排除法則之必要?做為本此論文之後檢視成文法及具體案例之準則。 第三章則進一步討論我國網路犯罪之偵查實務,說明我國實務常見網路犯罪之類型,並舉出實際案例以供參考。第二部分則就目前網路犯罪偵查實務,試著從較為技術面的方向,簡略說明有關網路犯罪資訊的取得、犯罪者的追縱、證據的調查,其中有關證據的調查,則著重於通訊監察部分,至於常見有關搜索、扣押的討論,因與本文主題較不具關聯性,故省略不論。本章之目的,乃嘗試讓理論與實務有聯繫之機會,並說明我國在網路犯罪偵查方法上,有何困境之處。 第四章為本論文之主軸,在了解到我國網路犯罪偵查實務所面臨的困境後,本章首先就美國有關網路通訊監察法制,介紹該國憲法與司法實務在做出若干重要裁判後,立法者為提供更充分的保障,所特別制定的《電子通訊隱私權法》等法律,希望透過不同層次的資訊隱私權侵害,提供不同層次的程序保障,來平衡國家安全、犯罪偵防與隱私權保障。然而由於網路通訊監察的特殊性,使得FBI於2000年3月所發展出的新型網路監聽工具:Carnivore,引發大眾甚多疑慮,該國就Carnivore系統之運作依據及合法性,有著激烈的辯論,本文嘗試整理歸納正反意見,並提供本文觀點。在還來不及檢討Carnivore系統之合法性時,九一一事件促使《愛國者法》通過,賦予政府機關實施網路通訊監察時更大的權力。科技的進步,無疑使得網路使用者資訊隱私權受到更大的限制,本文也嘗議建議未來最高法院應改以結果取向的解釋方法來處理新型監聽工具所引發的憲法爭議,如此才能兼顧科技發展與人權保障。 在了解到美國有關網路通訊監察法制後,第五章則針對從資訊隱私權保障面向,重新檢討現行通訊保障及監察法規定之妥適性,並就我國未來針對網路發展新型監聽工具時,所應採行之建制原則,及通訊保障及監察法針對網際網路時代,所應做的修正,提出若干建議,並以之代結論。
2

美國反恐法制之研究-以幫助恐怖主義犯罪為中心 / Study on USA anti-terrorism legislations

李璨宇 Unknown Date (has links)
2001年美國遭受911事件恐怖攻擊後,反恐即成為全球熱門議題,而國內相關反恐法制之建構乃反恐戰略中不可或缺之一環,聯合國及各地區聯盟業已制定相關反恐公約,各國亦制定相關反恐立法,然身處東亞戰略中心的台灣,在反恐立法的制定,可說是以不變應萬變,目前僅有尚未通過的「反恐行動法草案」,且立法研擬時間過短,相關討論的質與量上均有所不足。 故如何切斷恐怖分子與他人所提供的資金、聯繫及各種幫助,使其喪失發動恐怖攻擊的能力,亦是當今預防性執法的戰略下的一大課題。 而美國由於多次遭受恐怖攻擊,或可說是久病成良醫,在此方面的立法經驗或有值得我國借鏡之處,且自911事件之後,美國國會制定了愛國者法案,被各界認為是強而有力的反恐手段,在刑事實體法上,預放性追訴及協力反恐的思想亦處處可見,這些改變將使美國在反恐刑法運作與普通刑法之交錯部分將產生何種影響,亦值得討論。本文擬以美國法為中心,分析美國相關反恐刑法、憲政上的討論、及實際案例之適用問題、加上美國在反恐法制上大量運用的「指定」制度,所衍生的相關爭議,作為我國反恐立法制定上的借鏡。 最後本文亦將回頭檢視國內現行立法,首須衡量我國未來遭受恐怖攻擊之可能性,並檢討組織犯罪防制條例及我國現行刑法及反恐法草案是否可作為對抗恐怖主義的武器,及是否足以處理當代恐怖主義的相關問題,而是否在處罰範圍及內容上有修改之必要。 / After 911, anti-terrorism is an hot topic around the world, many countries and international organizations have already established and co-signed several anti-terrorism conventions. Although we still keep silence on this subject.,regarding to globalization and Taiwan’s importance in East Asia, our anti-terrorism legislation should not be ignored.. Who is terrorist? According to the calculated information, there are over 200 different definitions of terrorism at present. People always say “one man’s terrorist is another’s freedom fighter.” We have found many “double standard” cases existed in the government’s ruling whether someone is terrorist or not. Our priority subject is to find a general accepted definition of terrorism. Regard to other countries anti-terrorism legislation, because of having much experience on suffering terrorist attacks, the USA have expertise in this matter. Not only taking military actions, they also established many regulations and statues to stop and exhaust terrorism, such as the PATRIOT Act. After 911, they have completely realized that preventing terrorist attacks is more effective than prosecuting terrorists after they have committed the offenses. Although there are several Acts and regulations to punish someone supports terrorism, such as the conspiracy of penal code, RICO, IEEPA, America still need a more powerful weapon against terrorist. “18 U.S.C. 2339B”, which is promulgated as part of the AEDPA in 1996, is regarded as the most useful tool to prevent terrorism. 2339B prohibits someone to provide material support to designated foreign terrorist organizations, prosecutors also have intensified their efforts to bring criminal prosecutions as part of the war on terror after 911. In the process of indictment and trial, the mens rea of 2339B is always a controversial issue between the judgements of the courts. The vagueness of the statute is a dispute all the time. Many people also concerned that 2339B will infringe on the right of association guaranteed by constitution. Some professors even called the USA had back to “McCarthyism Era”, because 2339B grants the government to designate foreign organizations as the terrorists. Desipte 2339B has much contribution on law enforcement, in virtue of lacking due process, some people afraid government will designate dissent-opinion party as the FTO. By the above-mentioned examples, we can realize it is not easy to keep balance between the anti-terrorism and human rights. Finally, thanks to our international and domestic circumstances is different from USA, Taiwan should not completely copy their anti-terrorism legislation.

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