隨著社群媒體的普及，群眾產製的內容（User-generated content, UGC）時常成為新聞記者取材的對象，但現今隨著社群媒體爆發的資料量，記者不易從資料中看到事件的全貌，僅將社群媒體當作一種消息來源，因此報導的內容經常抄襲網友的意見或是落入片面討論的窠臼，無法駕馭社群媒體帶來的豐富資料。考慮改善這樣的現象，本研究透過將新聞取材的過程分為探索事件、收集素材以及回溯情境三個動作來協助記者探索新聞主題。以推特（Twitter）的資料為例，以網路為系統平台，開發一個輔助記者探索社群媒體上的事件、挖掘新聞主題的資訊系統，利用網絡分析以及自然語言處理的技術，結合視覺化的介面將事件資料集用故事元素的方式呈現，四種故事元素模型提供不同的觀察資料集的角度，並利用調整四種故事元素的權重，還原推文文本的語境，找出使用者想看的內容。我們設計了兩階段的任務式實驗以及評估問卷來證明系統的可用性，透過實驗結果驗證了本研究在以社群媒體輔助記者探索新聞主題的系統之價值，能讓對事件不同熟悉程度的傳播記者在此平台上探索新聞主題，並寫下深度報導的編採線索或是一篇新聞報導，透過本系統的輔助，讓使用者在探索及追蹤一起事件時，變得較為快速。 / With the popularity of social media, news reporters usually draw the news materials from mass user-generated content. However, with the outbreak of social media data, the reporter is not easy to see from the data in the whole picture of event. They only use the social media as a news source, so the reported content often copied the views of users, or fall into the stereotype of a one-sided discussion. The reporters can not control the wealth of information brought from social media. Consider improving this phenomenon, our study use Twitter data for example, develop an information system to assist reporters to explore the events on social media, and mine the news topics. We use network analysis and natural language processing as our technique, and show the story elements with the visualization interface. We apply four different story elements model, support the different way to explore data, and let user can adjust the weights from different model to retrospect to the context of tweets, help user find the news topics. We have designed a two-stage task experiment and assessment questionnaire to prove the availability of the system through experimental results. We can allow the reporters who are varying degrees of familiarity of the event to explore news topics from our system. We make the reporter to explore and track some events faster.

當一個新聞事件發生時，相關訊息通常會被新聞媒體所報導，而民眾亦能透過網路上各種管道發表己見。近年來，社群媒體已成為記者與民眾散播訊息的重要平台，也是研究新聞發展的重要管道。但隨著時間累積的龐大訊息量，使用人工的方式來收集資料，以了解事件整體脈絡的方式往往事倍功半。本研究利用Twitter做為資料來源，透過各種視覺化的圖表及統計資訊，協助新聞研究者透過漸進的方式操作系統各階段的功能，逐步篩選出新聞事件的關鍵推文。系統可客製化參數的設計讓使用者能依觀察到的現象來調整系統推薦的推文，進而達到瞭解發展歷程的目標。我們邀請4位受試者，透過系統操作教學及引導式任務讓受試者學習如何使用系統，最後讓受試者自由探索，並透過問卷與訪談的方式來探討系統的優缺點。問卷的評分使用5分量表，實驗結果在有用性向度的平均分數為4.1，表示本系統能有效地幫助使用者分析事件的發展歷程；而易用性向度的平均分數為4.3，顯示受試者對本系統的易用性表示認同。本系統的主要目的，是希望能協助使用者找尋新聞事件中的關鍵推文，並瞭解其發展歷程，由實驗結果與受試者回饋顯示，本研究的視覺化分析系統具有幫助理解事件脈絡的能力，證實了本系統的發展價值。 / When a new event happens, related messages can not only be released by the press but also through various network channels by the general public. In recent years, social media have become a popular and important platform for news reporters and the general public to propagate news messages. However, due to the massive amount of messages on the social media platforms, it is very time consuming to manually collect these data in order to grasp the development of a news event over time. In this research, we aim to develop a visualization system that can help researchers find key tweets on twitters for a news event in an incremental manner. Our system allows a user to customize design parameters for finding key tweets from various aspects in order to understand how a news event evolve over time on social media. We have invited four participants to test use our system through a tutorial, guided tasks, and free exploration. A questionnaire survey and interview were conducted after the experiments. The evaluation results show that the average score for the usability dimension is 4.1 out of 5, showing that the system can effectively assist the users in analyzing the development of a news event. The average score for the ease-of-use dimension is 4.3, meaning that most users agree that our system is easy to use. The results reveal that our research goals of helping users find key tweets and understand news development have been achieved and the development of such a visualization system is valuable for news analysis on social media.

歐洲社會民主主義與共產主義皆源自馬克思的社會主義，俄羅斯無產階級革命成功後使得兩者在實際作為中開始分化。隨後社會民主主義在西歐議會制度中得以持續發展，而第二次世界大戰後東歐則被蘇聯納入共產主義陣營之中。然而，歷經近百年的實踐後兩者終究殊途同歸，其同歸的方式是由社會民主主義更新發展成為更符合現代政治價值的「第三條路」，尤其蘇東劇變後的20年間，東西歐的左派政治皆已趨於穩定，特別是東歐各國的共產黨繼承政黨在社會民主化後，更能相繼以聯合政府的方式取得上臺執政的機會。 其中最受國際關注的，便是摩爾多瓦共產黨於2001年2月2日在國會選舉中獲得眾多選民的支持，在國會101席中取得71席的絕對多數，令其有權單獨組成政府，更尤甚者，推舉出自家的共黨總統沃羅寧；2005年沃羅寧二度蟬連總統職位，並由摩共繼續組成政府。自2001年起至2009年已連續執政八年，從執政前摩爾多瓦的政治背景、摩共得以重新回朝的原因探究，到其執政後國內外政治的重要議題，皆是本文專章著墨的重點。 本文認為：第一，社會民主主義在後蘇20年中，積極從事理論與實踐的改革，在老左派與新右派之間已經走出新的「第三條路」；第二，研究摩共得以重新上臺的因素，除了本身對於政治制度的探索與改革之外，轉型時期的經濟危機與府會之爭，以及共產遺緒效應皆為主因；第三，摩共執政八年在經濟調息與外交政策的表現上成績斐然，但逐年下降的民主化評比卻突顯出共黨一貫僵化的政治思維，外加第二任期的經濟表現停滯，導致摩爾多瓦共產黨最終還是淪為最大在野黨。 / Both Social democracy and communism are derived from Karl Marx’s Socialism. However, they had come to a parting of the ways after the success of the proletarian revolution in Russia. Social democracy continued to develop under the parliamentary system in Western Europe, while communism thrived in Eastern European countries, which were controlled by USSR after WWII. Coming into the 21st century, however, the two reconciled and have once again merged and redefined themselves as “the Third Way”, which adapts itself to certain modern political values, and it had been growing steadily in the first two decades following the dissolution of Soviet Union. In Eastern Europe, successors of communist party have adapted themselves to this “Third Way”, which helped them come into power one after another by forming coalition governments. Among them, it was the Party of Communist of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), which attracted international attention. The PCRM has won an absolute majority, gaining 71 out of a total of 101 seats, in the 2001 Moldovan Parliamentary election, enabled it to form the government, as well as, electing its very own communist President Vladimir Voronin. In 2005, the PCRM has once again won the election, and made President Vladimir Voronin re-elected to a consecutive term. The PCRM was in government between 2001 and 2009 for 8 years, and this research will look into a wide range of issues including the political background of PCRM, accounts of its regaining of political power, and important decisions of domestic and foreign policies made by the PCRM government. The first part of this research argues that social democracy had been actively reforming both in theory and practice in the two decades after the dissolution of USSR and it has successfully created a “Third Way” as opposed to the Old Left and the New Right. The second part argues that PCRM’s return to office can be attributed to its self-reformation, economic crisis, confrontations between the President and the Parliament in the period of transition, as well as, the communist legacy. In conclusion, it is argued that, although, PCRM government has made great achievements in foreign policies and in restructuring economy, Moldova’s score on democracy has worsened during its time in government, reflecting the ossified political ideology of communist party. It is this ossified political ideology alongside with the economic stagnation in its second term that led to the defeat of PCRM in the 2009 election and sent it back to opposition majority in the Parliament ultimately.