本研究旨在探究我國教師組織未來發展之方向，校園內勞僱間權益事項的問題，是否必要透過”教師工會”的方式進行協商和討論，以謀求解決之道。目前的教評會和”教師會”在制度設計中，雖然也有若干工會的功能，但是在勞僱關係的法定權利當中最重要的團結、協商和爭議權等，皆不明確，因而在面對重大權利問題和決策的過程中，教師往往是政策的被動接受者，公務員的角色，也嚴重限制了教師可採取的行動策略與範圍。除非目前的教評會或”教師會”的權利取得突破，否則教育部實在沒有理由阻止教師籌組工會。”教師會”改變轉型為”教師工會”之過程與發展，及所遭遇之困境，為本研究之重點。 / This research will explore challenges and future development of the teacher’s organization in our country. Will there be any substantial changes in the relationship among stakeholders on campus in terms of rights and obligations? Will it a better solution to carry on consultation and dispute reconciliation by organizing teacher’s union? Although certain functions exist in the present system designs of the Teacher Arbitrating Committee and Teacher Association, crucial rights of unity, consultation, and dispute that teachers could enjoy are not all explicit. Teachers are often passive receivers of policies. Worse still, as para-public officials, they are severely limited in strategy and scope of viable options. Only when a Teacher Arbitrating Committee or Teacher Association makes a breakthrough, can we consider these rights adequately protected. The Ministry of Education has no reason to deny such unionizing. This research examines development of the Teacher Association (TA), and explores the need to transform TA into Teacher Union (TU), as well as obstacles encountered.

本文有鑑於我國教師於2011年5月納入勞動三法的規範適用，卻在團體協商的法制度與落實面上仍遭遇諸多困境，故本文從日本發展純熟的公立中小學教師勞動關係中汲取經驗。 我國公立中小學校教師雖已適用勞動三法，然而在薪資來源與勞動權限制上，實與日本公立中小學校教師的勞動條件規範具有相似性，因此，本文選擇日本公立中小學教師之團體協商制度為研究範圍，運用文獻分析法與訪談法，先了解日本法制對於教職員組合的團體協商的規範與限制，再來檢視我國教師工會團體協商的現況。 研究發現我國教師未先享有勞動法制的自由放任期，故在勞動意識的覺醒上，落後於日本教師，而我國教師對勞工身分的躊躇，也影響工會運作，使得勞動教育的宣導成為我國教師工會現階段的核心任務。 日本與我國在教師組織協商法制上，皆有過多限制，亦有不足之處，本文認為日本政府先干預了制度的建立，又消極地在不健全的制度中仰賴勞資自治，而我國的勞資關係，有賴國家的介入得以維護勞動者的權益，但「核可制」也干預了勞資自治的空間。兩國在國家干預與勞資自治之間尚未找到動態的平衡，皆有很大的努力空間。而日本法制上對於雇主當事人的明確定義，以及對於勞動權受限而設置的補償措施，值得我國借鏡。 / Although the labor rights of teachers in Taiwan have been protected by the Three Basic Labor Laws since May 2011, the collective bargaining still faces difficulties on implementation and law itself. The key discussion in this dissertation is to analyze the experience from well-developed skilled labor relationship in the Japanese public elementary and high school teacher organizations in order to realize the situations in Taiwan. The Three Basic Labor Laws don’t truly reflect the salary structures and the labor right restrictions of public elementary and high school teachers. Instead, both designs are more similar to Japanese labor rights and related laws. Thus, I adopt document analysis and interviews to study the laws of collective bargaining in Japanese teacher organizations and explore the implementation of collective bargaining in public elementary and high school teacher organizations in Taiwan. The study shows that teachers in Taiwan are not entitled to the legal system of laissez-faire and then it causes the progression of labor consciousness of teachers are much behind in Taiwan than Japan. Besides, hesitation to labor identity awareness impedes the operations in the teachers’ union as well. So, advocating labor education becomes the main task to the teachers’ union at this moment. There are many restrictions in teacher's organizations both in Taiwan and Japan. The Japanese government intervene the establishment of collective bargaining, however, on the other hand, they passively rely on labor autonomy with this unhealthy system. In Taiwan, we depend on government to safeguard the rights and interests of workers. However, excessive intervention (such as Approves system in Collective Agreement Act) also restricts labor autonomy. Although both countries still need much effort to get the balance between government intervention and labor autonomy, it’s worthy to learn from Japan regarding to the clear definition to employers in labor law systems and the compensation to labor right restrictions.

本研究旨在探討臺北市立高級中學教師組織運作成效。其中教師組織主要是指「學校教師會」，運作成效則包含「強化組織運作」、「促進校園民主」、「提升教師專業」等三個層面；並分析「強化組織運作」、「促進校園民主」與「提升教師專業」三層面間的相關程度；進而利用開放問卷了解學校教師對未來教師組織發展的期待與展望。 研究採問卷調查法，對象為臺北市立高級中學編制內正式教師，問卷共寄出400份，回收326份，回收率81.5％，剔除無效問卷25份，尚餘有效問卷共301份。在統計上採用次數分配、平均數、標準差、t考驗、單因子變異數分析與積差相關，並就單因子變異數分析呈現差異者再以薛費法或LSD法來進行事後比較。最後根據文獻探討、問卷調查與開放問卷結果，歸納結論如下： 一、「學校教師會運作成效」屬中高程度，「強化組織運作」、「促進校園民主」層面屬高程度，「提升教師專業」層面屬中高程度。 二、各背景變項對「學校教師會運作成效」，在高中校史較短與較悠久、男性、任教年資較淺、曾兼任學校行政職務教師高於一般教師。 三、各背景變項對「強化組織運作」層面運作成效，在任教年資較淺、曾兼任學校行政職務教師高於一般教師。 四、各背景變項對「促進校園民主」層面運作成效，在高中校史較短、男性、任教年資較淺、曾兼任學校行政職務教師高於一般教師。 五、各背景變項對「提升教師專業」層面運作成效，在普通高中、高中校史悠久、任教年資較淺、曾兼任學校行政職務教師高於一般教師。 六、「強化組織運作」、「促進校園民主」與「提升教師專業」三層面間達相關性顯著且為高度正相關，各面向間亦達相關性顯著且為高度或中度正相關。 七、高中教師期待未來教師組織能參與教育政策制定、強化教師組織運作、提升教師專業素養，在不影響學生受教權的前提下，積極爭取教師權益。 最後，根據上述研究結論提出建議，供學校教師組織及其他研究者參考。 關鍵詞：學校教師會、教師工會、教師組織運作成效 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the operational effectiveness of high school teachers organizations in Taipei. The teachers organizations mainly refer to Teachers Associations at high schools across the city, operational effectiveness includes three aspects: strengthen organization operations, promote campus democracy and enhance teachers' profession,by analyzing the relationships between these aspects, and the author tries to understand what teachers are thinking through open questionaire about the future development of teachers associations. 400 copies of the questionnaire were sent to high school teachers in Taipei , 326 were returned, the recovery rate was 81.5%, including 25 invalid questionnaires returned. The statistics methods we used include: mean, standard deviation, T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations. If one-way ANOVA showed significant differences between data, Scheffe method or LSD was applied for furthur comparisons. Finally, the major results were summarized as follows: 1."The operational effectiveness of the teachers association at high schools" was scored medium to high. "Strengthen organization operation", "promote campus democracy" was scored high, and "enhance teachers' profession" was scored medium to high. 2.Teachers who are younger/male/have administrative experiences, or teach in a younger school scores higher than other teachers in "The operational effectiveness of the teachers association at high schools". 3.Teachers who are younger/have administrative experiences scores higher than other teachers in "strengthen organization operations". 4.Teachers who are younger/male/have administrative experiences, or teach in a younger school scores higher than other teachers in "promote campus democracy". 5.Teachers who are younger/have administrative experiences, or teach in a older school or in a normal high school as opposed to vocational schools scores higher than other teachers in "enhancing teachers' profession". 6."Strengthen organization operation", "promote campus democracy" and "enhance teachers' profession" are highly correlated to one another positively. 7.High school teachers are expecting that in the future teachers organizations can participate in the formulation of education policy, strengthen the operation of teachers associations, help enhance the professional skills of teachers, and actively fight for the interests of teachers while not affecting students' right to learn. Finally, we made some recommendations for teachers associations across the city and other researchers for reference, based on the above research findings. Keywords: teachers associations, teachers unions, operational effectiveness