蘭嶼位於台灣東南方的外海，是孤懸於西太平洋邊的島嶼，是達悟族人世居之地。達悟族是南島民族的一支，其語言、文化與菲律賓北方的巴丹島相近，應屬同語、同種而相互分離的族群，達悟族的起源傳說主要以石生、竹生為主，但野銀部落則採巴丹移入的說法，印證蘭嶼與巴丹的密切關係。 達悟族屬海洋文化，其傳統神觀為何？眾說紛紜。但其畏懼anito則是確定的。anito一般被解讀為亡魂，此種說法有窄化anito之嫌，anito更好視之為所有邪惡力量的統稱。無論如何，達悟族的神鬼信仰反應在其傳統的歲時祭儀與生命禮俗中，特別是每年舉辦的meyvanwa(召飛魚祭)、pazos(天神祖靈祭)，以及傳統命名儀式、新屋落成或大船下水儀式和充滿禁忌的喪葬儀式中。 基督宗教的傳入，對達悟人的生活帶來根本的改變，特別是1954年將天主教傳入蘭嶼的紀守常神父。紀神父對蘭嶼的影響是徹底而深遠的，一般人總以為天主教的傳入是靠救濟物資的吸引，這是表象，真正的關鍵因素在於達悟族傳統文化對天主教的理解與調適，天主教本身亦處變遷之中，達悟族對變遷中的天主教的理解與調適尚在持續進行中。 天主教的傳入蘭嶼，除了興建教堂、傳教施洗外，天主教傳教士更具遠見的培植達悟人才，尊重當地文化，天主教對達悟族的民族發展做出貢獻，特別是在建立民族自信、優質文化的復振、族語的傳承、教育、婦女地位的提升以及基督徒合一方面。但在獨身聖召、教會自養、禁止離婚、青少年宗教教育等問題上，天主教與達悟文化正面臨相互的考驗。未來發展如何？值得持續關注。 關鍵字：達悟族、基督信仰、文化復振 / Précis of Thesis Orchid Island is an isolated island southeast of Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean, inhabited by the Tao people (formerly called Yami). The Tao are an Austronesian people. Their language and culture are very similar to those of the Batan Islanders in the north of the Philippines. These two groups are linguistically and anthropologically homogeneous, though they are now politically divided. There are two traditions of their origin: one claims that they originate from rock; the other that they originate from bamboo. But in the village of Ivalino there is a tradition that they came from Batan Island, which is a sign of the close relationship between the Tao of Orchid Island and the Batan Islanders. The Tao are an oceanic people. There is a great controversy over their conception of God. What is certain, however, is their fear of ‘anito’. ‘Anito’ is the collective term for all evil forces and is often interpreted as referring solely to spirits of the deceased, but this usage is overly restricted. The belief of the Tao concerning ghosts is reflected in their traditional celebrations throughout the year, especially the yearly Meyvanwa (Calling the flying fish), Pazos (Offering to God and the ancestors), as well as the traditional name-giving ceremony, the inauguration ceremony of a new house, the launching of a new boat and the burial ritual, which is full of taboos. The advent of Christianity has brought radical changes to the lives of the Tao, especially with the introduction in 1954 of the Catholic Church through Fr. Alfred Giger. The influence of Fr. Giger was thorough and far-reaching. Though generally people believe that the spread of the Catholic Church to Orchid Island was effected through the attraction of the Church’s distribution of relief goods, yet this is only a superficial understanding. The key factor was the way the Tao perceived the Catholic faith and the way they adapted to it. The Catholic Church has also adapted in this process. This ongoing understanding and adaptation of the Tao to the progressing Church is a process that is still going on. While the Catholic missionaries who arrived on Orchid Island built churches and baptized people, they were also men of vision, who formed the Tao whilst respecting their local culture. The Catholic Church contributed towards the development of the tribe, especially by strengthening the self-confidence of the people, encouraging a renaissance of their culture, handing down the tribal language, education, raising the status of women as well as promoting ecumenism between the Christian Churches. However, the Catholic Church’s position on celibate religious vocations, self-support, and opposition to divorce led it to conflict with Tao culture. There are also difficulties in ensuring religious education of the youth. Continued attention should be given to the future of the interaction of the Tao and the Catholic Church to see where it will lead. Key words: Tao people, Christianity, Cultural renaissance.

本論文主要以巴宰族為研究對象，關注其在1999年至2014年之間的文化復振過程，欲探討巴宰族是否有條件成為官定原住民族。 巴宰族原居現在的台中西部平原，過去曾幫助清朝政府平定許多亂事，因此得到賜姓，並獲得許多土地，所以巴宰族曾經有過輝煌的時期，後來因為漢人侵墾、土地流失、內部統治權力競爭…等原因，整個巴宰族的情勢開始走下坡，甚至得離開原鄉向外遷徙。現在還能找到明顯聚居的巴宰族分布地有：台中市豐原區的大社村、苗栗縣三義鄉的鯉魚潭村、南投縣埔里鎮的愛蘭里。 巴宰族尚保有自己的文化，其中宗教和語言是兩個重要的民族邊界要素，1871年潘開山武干因打獵受傷，經人介紹後輾轉到台南接受馬雅各醫生的治療，順利地恢復之後決定改信基督教，透過他將傳教士帶到台灣中部，許多巴宰族人因此也接受了基督教信仰，透過信仰的力量凝聚彼此，所以巴宰族因為教會的關係有很強的向心力，另外，教會中使用的羅馬拼音，使巴宰族人擁有書寫、紀錄的能力，間接地將巴宰族語言和歌謠留了下來。 平埔族一開始是以泛平埔的架構在推動民族的認同與文化復振運動，後來慢慢出現以各族為主體的文化復振，本文關注的巴宰族民族認定運動就是在此脈絡之下展開。1998年「臺灣巴宰族群文化協會」成立，隔年聚集三個聚居地的巴宰族人聯合舉辦停止多年的傳統過年儀式，這次的活動帶起了許多人的熱情，開啟了巴宰族的文化復振之路。 「苗栗縣巴宰族群協會」、「南投縣巴宰族群文化協會」在2003年成立，之後每年持續在鯉魚潭和愛蘭舉辦傳統過年，讓所有族人每年11月15日都能回到聚居地參與活動，將固有傳統祭儀延續下去，如：牽田、走鏢、銅鑼舞。在平埔族群當中，巴宰族的語言是保存相對較好的，恢復辦理過年之後就開始在教會中培訓族語老師，2002年參與政大原住民族研究中心編輯九階教材，將巴宰族語編寫出有架構的九階族語教材。除了學習、教學、編輯母語教材之外，族語老師們也參與原住民族語文學獎比賽，從第一屆開始共參與15人次，7人次得獎，從此也可以看到巴宰族對族語復振的用心；2012年底，平埔活力計畫開辦，巴宰族運用經費修改族語教材、辦理傳統過年、傳統技藝教學…等，持續不斷透過各種方式將文化傳承下去。 本文認為，巴宰族仍保有許多民族特徵，且積極的進行文化復振以維繫民族邊界與認同，目前最需要的是政府的肯認，並恢復其應有的原住民族身分與權利，最後透過民族認定正式成為臺灣的官定原住民族。