1991年12月25日蘇聯正式解體，俄羅斯聯邦作為原蘇聯主要繼承國登上歷史舞台，冷戰的兩極格局也就此結束，俄羅斯為了要全面繼承過去蘇聯在國際間的地位，接管其部隊、武器及軍事設施，另為謀求俄羅斯整體經濟不致崩盤，大量釋出過盛的武器裝備及技術，如此給了中國擴充軍備、接收武器裝備的機會，也直接形成了中國武力崛起，衝擊著西太平洋的安全秩序及台海兩岸的安全。本文旨在就1991年冷戰結束暨蘇聯解體後，克里姆林宮兩任總統對中國的外交、軍事政策及作為，探討台海兩岸因軍事力量失衡所產生的衝擊。 另一方面，隨著冷戰結束、蘇聯解體，美、蘇對抗的終結，崛起的中國成為美國全球戰略的潛在競爭者，尤其是中國自1993年起，從俄羅斯獲得先進武器科技，也取得導彈、雷射、太空系統的先進材料和製造技術，點出中國急欲建構新世紀戰力的企圖心，也對台海兩岸的局勢增添更多的不穩定因素及不安全感。究竟對台海安全造成的衝擊有多大？本論文試圖探討中國在此期間軍事上的獲利及武力上的增長，對海峽兩岸的均勢是否產生變化，以及產生何種變化？本論文依據上述問題，設計相對應之章節，其各章節架構如下：第一章緒論。第二章俄中軍事交流的背景分析。第三章：冷戰後俄中軍事交流概況。第四章：俄中軍事交流對台海安全之衝擊。第五章：俄中軍事交流對台海安全之衝擊：我國因應對策。第六章：結論。 / Russia, the former Soviet Union major successor, stepped on world history stage after Soviet Union collapsed on Dec 25, 1991, which also drew an end for the cold war era. In order to inherit Soviet Union’s international position, to take over troop and weapon and military installations, and to manage to prevent its economy collapse. Russia had released its over produced weaponry and technology. The technology transformation and weaponry releasing led Mainland China a chance to expand its military strength and brought China’s military strength rising abruptly. The situation affects the security of the Western Pacific Ocean and Taiwan Strait. This study aims on the foreign and military policy of Kremlin toward China after the collapse of Soviet Union and the impact of ROC’s inclining military power between two sides of Taiwan Strait. On the other hand, with the end of cold war and the concluded confrontation between U.S and U.S.S.R, the rising China turned out to be the potential global strategic enemy to United States. Especially China, since1993, obtained the cutting edge military technology, the advanced material and manufacture technique for guiding missile, laser and space system from Russia. This transformation pointed out that China’s keen to build a new modern military in the 21 century. The situation also created the unstable factor and insecure feeling between cross strait and no one can predict what impact will it arouse? This study is to analysis on: Will the PRC’s military strength expansion varies the cross strait situation and what variation wills it happen? According to above theory the structure of this thesis is designed as follow: Chapter One: Introduction. Chapter Two: Analysis on Russia–Chain’s military exchange background. Chapter Three: The post cold war general situation of Russia–Chain’s military Exchange. Chapter four: The impact on Taiwan Strait security by Russia–Chain’s military exchange. Chapter Five: The proper way to deal with the impact of Russia–Chian’s military exchange Chapter six: Conclusion.