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朝聖與進香-以基督宗教的耶路撒冷朝聖與台灣民間宗教大甲媽祖進香為例黃建忠 Unknown Date (has links)
筆者為旅遊界從業人員,基於工作上之方便與需要,常領團至地中海、印度等地,團員成員中有以朝聖地為目的,也有以朝聖地與名勝古蹟比重各半。有的團體有神職人員帶領,有的團體無神職人員帶領,由信仰者自動自發,信仰者對信仰的虔誠度也各有不同。
筆者以田野的參訪做紀錄,本文的分析以人類學的角度作詮釋外,著重於朝聖者與進香客,宗教經驗的闡釋,以宗教經驗中個人層面的信仰為核心要素。
第二章為筆者的耶路撒冷朝聖參訪紀錄外,並□合口訪基督宗教信徒在朝聖後的啟發,與伊斯蘭教中穆斯林,朝覲者的感言。
第三章討論聖地與神聖空間構成的要件,基督宗教與台灣民間宗教對聖地認定的異同。分靈、分香的理念與聖地再造的關係,聖地在地轉化的情形。
第四章討論朝聖者與進香客,兩者所代表的人觀意義與文化意涵中的異同,人—神關係,神—神關係等,與在信仰層面的剖析。
第五章討論朝聖者與進香客宗教經驗之闡釋,宗教經驗的不可重複性,不可預期性。宗教經驗者與神聖者的關係。個人經驗與神話歷史的辨證關係,集體記憶創造與歷史條件的辨證關係。
第六章,宗教經驗的神聖顯示是超越時空的,神聖顯示本身存在被詮釋的機制,宗教經驗者只能就身體時間的歷史情境作表達,而不是受到歷史的制約。朝聖者與進香客,在人神關係交融後讓神的本質存在於人的內心,心與靈的合一。
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影迷的盛宴:台北金馬影展觀眾的儀式性參與 / The Feast of Cinéphile: The Ritual Participation of Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival Audience張哲豪, Chang Che-Hao Unknown Date (has links)
金馬影展對台灣藝術電影影迷而言,就像是場神聖的盛宴,在這場儀式中,透過群體的力量,讓信念的力量益發強大。本研究嘗試依循「朝聖」(pilgrimage)的角度,將金馬影展的觀影者,視為一種信仰著藝術電影教派(cult)的信徒,他們的身份不只是閱聽人或消費者,而是一種參與者(participants)。
本研究分為三階段進行。第一階段針對金馬影展三十年來(1980~2009)的影片清單進行歷史性檔案研究,歸納出金馬影展播映影片的脈絡。第二階段對影展觀眾進行問卷調查與參與觀察,以期歸納出金馬影迷的外在觀影行為,並透過田野調查實際了解金馬影迷的參與過程。第三階段則是對影迷進行深度訪談與生命史訪談。在影展現場找尋了78位金馬影迷進行訪談,另針對3位具代表性的影迷,分別透過他們參與金馬影展的經歷,來進一步認識歷年金馬影迷參與的過程。
本研究發現金馬影展的儀式概念(The Cult of Film Festival)主要來自於三者:在時間性而言,因一年一度有如逢年過節的「週期性」而營造了儀式感;在空間性而言,因影片與影迷的「齊聚性」而營造了儀式感;除了這兩者之外,要達到類宗教的景仰標準,勢必還要有「神聖性」的概念,其神聖感則是來自於電影大師的作品,所帶來的崇拜心態。
至於影迷的朝聖歷程,本研究以三位影迷的生命史作為引述,介紹20、30、40歲各個世代的影迷,究竟是什麼樣的樣貌。而後根據大量深度訪談、田野觀察與問卷調查的結果,搭配儀式結構的模式,描繪出金馬影迷單次旅程與生涯歷程。在單次旅程的部份,可以分作「前影展時期」、「影展時期」與「後影展時期」,三者中尤以前影展時期的套票搶購與排隊劃位最具儀式性特質。在生涯歷程的部份,亦可分作「前影迷階段」、「影迷階段」與「後影迷階段」,此三者之間主要差異,是以對電影的重視、迷戀與可犧牲程度作為劃分標準。 / For art cinema fans of Taiwan, Golden Horse Film Festival just like a sacred Feast, fans gathered together every year, that increasingly the forces of faith in the ritual. This study attempts to follow the "pilgrimage" view, to imagine that Golden Horse Film Festival audience as the cult followers, their identity is not just the audience or consumers, but a participants.
This study is divided into three stages. First is the archive research of Golden Horse Film Festival for the thirty years (1980~2009). Second is the festival audience questionnaire survey and participant observation, to understand the fans viewing behavior. The third stage is life history interviews.
The study found that the “ritual” or “cult” concept of Golden Horse Film Festival mainly from the three points: the timing, the result of annual holidays, like the "cyclical" and created a sense of ritual; in the space, for film and fans of the "gather" of the ritual to create a sense; In addition to these two, the religious admiration to achieve the standard class is bound to also have "sacred" concept, its sacred sense is from master's work in the film, brought the worship mentality.
For fans of pilgrims journey, the study quoted by three fan’s life history, describes the various generations of 20,30,40 years old. Then according to a large number of interviews, field observations and findings of the survey, with the ritual process model depicts a single journey and the career of the cinephiles. In a single part of the journey, we can divided into "pre-festival period", "Film Festival Period" and "post-festival period". Part in a career of the cinephiles can be divided into "pre-cinephile stage", "cinephile stage" and "post-cinephile stage", the main differences between the three is based on the film's importance, degree of obsession and expendable as the division of standard.
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