本論文主要透過新制度主義研究途徑以探析「轉型正義」行為模式之創制與發 展，並循比較政治研究途徑對俄羅斯及台灣實踐「轉型正義」之特性，進行異同 比較。 檢視20 世紀下半葉，諸多威權政體相繼歷經民主轉型過程，對前朝政權系統 性斲害人權等罪愆之施暴者與蒙難者該如何處置，往往為此等轉型國家之嚴峻挑 戰；「轉型正義」即泛指新興民主國家面對該挑戰時所採取之各項措施。相關對 以往威權罪愆之回應，現今，國際間已啟動轉型正義機制之國家，大多循經刑事 訴責、公共遺却及真相委員會等三途徑以進行。 本論文認為，歷經民主轉型，俄羅斯發生轉型正義之動因乃為深化與維持民主 體系，遏止威權復辟之可能，並擇取「祛記憶」途徑以進行，在實踐作為層面則 因集體遺却與政治冷漠，而遭所侷限；台灣發生轉型正義之動因為深化與維持民 主體系，遏止威權復辟之可能，並擇取一類似於「真相委員會」途徑以進行，在 實踐作為層面則受到國家認同與族群分立等情境所制約。 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the creation and development of "transitional justice" behavior patterns through new institutionalism approach, and to compare the similar and different features that “transitional justice” practiced in Russia and Taiwan through comparative politics approach. Recalling the second half of the 20th century, many authoritarian regimes have been through the process of democratic transition, the regime of former victims of systematic human rights of battle sins of the perpetrators and how to dispose of those battered, often for this and other challenges in transition countries; "transitional justice "that refers to the new democracies of the challenges faced by the various measures taken. The relevant authority of the past sins of the response, now, internationally, the nations that begun the transitional justice mechanism, great majority, through the prosecution channel, the amnesia channel and the truth commissions channel to proceed. This author argues in this study that, after democratic transition, the factor of transitional justice in Russia is to deepen and maintain the democratic system, guarding against the possible of authoritarian of restoration, and to choose the ”disremembering” channel. The practice is restricted by collective amnesia and indifferent of politics; the factor of transitional justice in Taiwan is to deepen and maintain the democratic system, guarding against the possible of authoritarian of restoration, and to choose a channel similar to the "truth commissions ". The practice is restricted by some situations like national identity and ethnic division.