生活型態目前是行銷學界普遍可見的名詞，台灣地區亦有很多生活型態的相關研究，然而這些研究多屬於特定化生活型態研究，而非一般化的生活型態研究，缺乏對台灣消費者的整體認識。以政治大學社資中心為例，自成立以來社資中心共收錄有316篇生活型態相關之碩士論文，研究標的遍佈各種產業和各種族群，卻沒有可以概觀地描述台灣普羅大眾的一般化生活型態研究，由此可見台灣學術界存在有「台灣整體民眾一般化生活型態研究」之缺口，本研究將進行台灣地區消費者的一般化生活型態研究的跨期比較，首先對E-ICP東方消費者行銷資料庫資料進行因素分析，探討歷年來台灣人的生活型態概況，再以迴歸分析探討台灣人生活型態及其行為背後的主要價值觀變遷，幫助大眾進一步建立對台灣消費者生活型態與價值觀的整體認識並解讀其改變情形。 本研究以1998年為主軸，透過因素分析和信度分析選取出流行傾向、追求自我、平和謹慎的生活習慣、社群參與度、都會傾向、獨立自主的生活、尊重權威、宗教信仰傾向、不確定的自我、積極進取的工作觀、新兩性觀、嚮往西方社會、社交活躍度十三個因素，再以迴歸分析探討這十三個因素在1994年到2002年間的趨勢變化，發現斜率項顯著的有流行傾向、社群參與度、都會傾向、不確定的自我、積極進取的工作觀、新兩性觀、嚮往西方社會、社交活躍度等七個因素。追求自我、平和謹慎的生活習慣、獨立自主的生活、尊重權威、宗教信仰傾向、嚮往西方社會等六個因素則呈現迴歸模式不顯著的分析結果。 本研究的限制有三，第一是量表之周延性有待商榷、第二是資料非panel data，不能進行與時間有關的統計分析、第三是無法反應新因素，並建議學者可進行後續研究，建立本土的資料庫與量表，以發展出適合台灣地區的本土一般化生活型態量表，並進行長期調查，予以修正，彌補本量表所缺乏之周延性與穩固性。

過去消費價值觀相關的研究，多從個人對「物」的消費價值感受來區分消費者，而少以「人」為研究主體，探討個人所持有的消費價值觀展現。與消費價值理論相關的文獻，雖也對消費價值觀作部份的敘述，但少有討論消費價值觀本質的相關研究。 因此，本研究回顧個人價值觀相關的文獻論述，確立個人價值觀的根本定義，仔細探查個人價值觀與消費價值觀之作用關係，據以重新定義消費價值觀為「個人從事消費相關活動時，所持有之可觀察或不自覺之持久性信念或概念，是個體對特定消費目標的偏好傾向，並作為個人在消費行動或面對多樣的消費客體時，據以選擇之準則」，並提出消費價值觀的特性。本階段所完成之消費價值觀本質性探討結果，正是本研究觀察年輕人消費價值觀內涵之依據。 本研究深度訪談12位年齡為20-25歲之年輕人，其中包含全職學生、兼職學生、以及上班族各四位，所描述的消費事件共計116件。研究發現，三大消費價值觀構面，各自包含兩相對概念。第一個構面為消費關注層次，具有功能導向和經驗導向；第二個構面為外在影響程度，具有他人導向與自我導向；第三個構面為行動力，具有現在導向與未來導向。個人消費價值觀可由上述三構面的傾向予以具體描繪。 本研究結果顯示，年輕人消費價值觀具有普遍性地偏向，明顯傾向於經驗導向、自我導向、和現在導向的消費偏好，表現出追求自我主觀感受滿足之立即性的消費行為。 整體而言，本研究不僅對消費價值觀的本質做了根本性的探究，讓消費價值觀之定義更加明確的同時，也釐清消費價值觀與消費價值概念上的混淆。本研究也解構出消費價值觀的三大構面與特性，以為未來消費價值觀相關研究，發展量化衡量工具的依據。 / Consumption values, the criteria employed by the individual for developing of the preference judgment in terms of shopping behaviors, are both a powerful explanation of and influence in consumer behavior. Due to limited empirical attention relative to its features and nature, the concept of consumption values is easily confused with consumption value which is the outcome of evaluative judgment of a object and has been acquired more research focus. Therefore, this study focuses on the construct of consumption values and intends to propose a conceptual framework as a basis for future research. The study presences a quick review of the existing literature on the concept of values and value systems in order to recognize the fundamental elements of consumption values. Based on the review, the study refers to consumption values as an enduring belief and a preference concept that guides consumption behavior and as a general plan for consumption relative decision making. This redefinition is applied as the principle for analyzing young people’s consumption values. Twelve depth interviews were conducted. The interviewees are aged from 20 to 25 and with full-time students, part-time students, and full-time employee evenly. 116 shopping behavior were collected in total. The results reveal three key dimensions of consumption values: (1) Functional-oriented versus experiential-oriented consumption values on the consumption focus dimension; (2) Other-oriented versus self-oriented consumption values on the external influence dimension; and (3) Current-oriented versus future-oriented on action-directed dimension. This framework serves as the basis for the structure of consumption values. According to the findings, young people’s consumption values represent a consistent direction to be experiential-oriented, self-oriented, and current-oriented. Consequently, young people generally take immediate purchase action to fulfill self-emotional needs and wants. As a result of this study, a conceptualization definition intended to capture the nature of consumption values is determined to be clearly distinct from consumption value. Also, the three key dimensions of consumption values are charactered as a framework for developing the measurement method in future research.

價值觀與生活型態是消費者從事各項消費行為的基礎，透過價值觀及生活型態可以解釋及預測消費者行為，因此對於研究消費者行為是相當重要的基礎主題之一。Rokeach (1973) 認為價值觀是一種持久的信念，這樣的信念使個人或社會對於某些特定的行為模式或是事情的結果產生偏好。Lazer (1963) 將生活型態定義為一種有特性的生活模式，代表某一個群體或社會有別於其他群體之特徵，這些特徵之差異來自於文化、價值觀及資源等綜合影響的結果。過去學者研究消費者的價值觀及生活型態時，多半以單一國家的消費者為主，雖然也有學者比較跨文化的消費者生活型態，但仍以美歐等地之研究居多。因此，本研究藉由交換至法國的機會，於當地進行消費者調查，取得第一手資料，以瞭解當地消費者生活型態及消費價值觀，並與台灣消費者進行跨文化比較。 本研究採滾雪球法抽樣，深度訪談十三位法國消費者及十九位台灣消費者。訪談內容為消費價值觀及生活型態等主題，包括工作與休閒生活、家庭及朋友關係、消費模式及金錢分配方式，並導出相關命題如：台灣人較法國人之價格敏感度高、台灣人較法國人具有品牌意識、台灣人在消費時較法國人具他人導向、台灣人較法國人具投資理財觀、台灣人較法國人重視工作所帶來的金錢滿足以及台灣人較法國人對婚姻關係有較高的期待等命題。 此外，本研究並探討消費價值觀如何具體影響消費者的生活型態及消費模式，透過本研究可發現：價格敏感度高的消費者，會隨著折扣或低價而調整其消費頻率；具他人導向的消費者會傾向購買外顯性的名牌產品，也較易受他人影響而產生衝動性消費行為。 藉由本研究可瞭解兩地消費價值觀及生活型態之差異，廠商進入兩地市場時，可參考本研究結果設計適合當地消費者之行銷策略，以期更貼近消費者需求。 / Values and lifestyles can be the foundation of most kinds of consumptions. Therefore, studying values and lifestyles is of importance for marketers to explain and predict consumers’behavior. According to Rokeach (1973), a value is defined as “an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.”As for lifestyle, it is defined as“a distinctive or characteristic mode of living (Lazer, 1963). Past studies concerning values and lifestyles mostly focused consumers in one country. Even though some studies dealed with cross-cultural comparison, they usually compared two or more markets in American and European. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the lifestyles and consumption values of consumers in Taiwan and France to do a cross-cultural comparison between Taiwanese and French consumers. Thirteen French consumers and nineteen Taiwanese consumers were interviewed during this study. The interview questions were regarding to lifestyles and consumption values, such as respondents' work and leisure life, relations with family and friends, consumption patterns and the way to allocate money. Some important propositions are derived based on content analysis: Taiwanese consumers have higher price sensitivity, more brand consciousness, higher other-oriented degree and more saving and investment concept than French consumers. Besides, Taiwanese people place more importance on the salary of work and have higher expectation about marriage than French consumers. Furthermore, this study also discusses how consumption values influence consumers' lifestyles and consumption patterns. It reveals that consumers with higher price sensitivity will adjust their consumption patterns according to discount frequencies. Besides, people-oriented consumers tend to choose prestige brands and have more impulsive consumptions under the influence of friends. The findings of this reseach can provide suggestions to marketers in these two markets to develop marketing strategies corresponding with the values and lifestyles of local consumers.

中、東歐十國加入歐盟後，發展引起世界關注，而擁有最多人口的波蘭更是備受矚目；近年來波蘭中產階級增加，消費力提高，令研究者興起瞭解波蘭消費者的念頭。消費者的價值觀與生活型態會影響消費行為，對研究消費者行為是十分重要的主題。然而過去與消費者價值觀與生活型態相關的研究大多以單一國家之消費者為主，跨文化比較以歐美研究為多，故研究者利用到波蘭交換的機會，進行消費者生活型態與消費價值觀之調查研究，以取得第一手資料，然後與台灣消費者作比較。 本研究以滾雪球法進行抽樣，深度訪談15位波蘭消費者與19位台灣消費者。訪談內容涵蓋生活型態與消費價值觀各面向，經過分析後發現兩地消費者於金錢配置、儲蓄理財觀、信用卡使用習慣、價格取向、他人導向、品牌觀、服飾消費模式、婚姻觀、家庭觀、工作觀、宗教觀、環保觀、助人觀等方面的差異，並推導出相關命題，如：台灣消費者的價格敏感度和他人導向程度較波蘭消費者高；台灣人和波蘭人相比，與原生家庭的關係較為密切、對婚姻關係也有較高的期待，並且更具環保概念等。 除此之外，本研究也探究消費價值觀、生活型態及消費行為間的關係。本研究發現價格敏感度高的消費者傾向選擇於較便宜的通路，以及在特價的時候購物，消費次數較一般人來得少，也少有衝動性消費與犒賞自己的行為產生，而且消費時不太在意品牌，通常是購買平價的品牌；然而注重價格之餘，這些消費者也會注意商品的質感，不希望別人發現該商品很廉價。另外，具環保觀念的人，傾向有需要才購物；在衣著方面，購買次數不多，且重視品質、材質與持久性，不願買路邊攤，但也不會買很貴品牌的服飾，也不會跟隨潮流；而這些具環保理念的人與其他人相比，較注重健康或養生。 本研究結果在學術上有助於拓展國內碩士論文的跨文化研究領域，以及建立跨文化消費價值觀與生活型態之訪談大綱；在實務方面，能夠提供欲進入兩地市場的廠商一些開發市場與行銷策略的建議。 / Central and Eastern European countries have attracted worldwide attention since 10 Central and Eastern European countries joined the European Union. Among these countries, Poland, the country with the largest population among these nations, gains the most attention. In recent years, the middle class in Poland has increased, and consumer purchasing power has enhanced. These have raised more and more researchers’ interests to investigate Poland consumer’s bevaviors. Values and lifestyles affect consumer behavior. Therefore, Values and lifestyles are important subjects in consumer behavior research. However, past studies concerning values and lifestyles mostly focused on consumers in a single country. Furthermore, the literature about cross-cultural comparative analysis emphasizes on comparing more than two markets in American as well as those in Europe. Thus, this study aims to compare the lifestyles and consumption values between Taiwanese and Polish consumers. This study uses snow ball method to find appropriate samples. 15 Polish respondents and 19 Taiwanese respondents were interviewed in this study. The interview covers various aspects with regards to lifestyles and consumption values. The results showed that there are differences between Polish and Taiwanese consumers in money arrangement, credit card usage, clothing consumption patterns, brand perception and so on. Besides, some propositions that are derived from content analysis include: Taiwanese consumers are more price sensitive and other-oriented, and have higher expectations about marriage, closer relationships with their family of origin, and are more conscious about environmental protection than Polish consumers. This study also discusses the relationship among consumption values, lifestyles and consumer behavior. It reveals that consumers with higher price sensitivity prefer to make purchases in places that sell cheaper things, and in stores with discounts. They expend less frequently than most people, and seldom have impulsive consumption behaviors or reward themselves. They do not really care about brands and usually buy cheap brands. Furthermore, people who are environmentally friendly tend to go shopping only when they have actual needs. In clothing aspect, they do not buy frequently, and put emphasis on quality, material and persistence. They are not willing to buy clothes from street vendors, but they also do not buy from expensive brands. Moreover, they do not follow the trend. Compared with others, they pay more attention to keep their health well. This study helps to expand the domain of cross-cultural research and develops an interview outline for cross-cultural consumer values and lifestyles. More importantly, this study provides some suggestion to those who are willing to enter Taiwanese or Polish markets.