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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

民事無償行為法的體系構造—從法與社會互動角度觀察 / 無

章程 Unknown Date (has links)
近代民法中以無償契約為中心的無償行為規範體系,起始於羅馬法,其時無償交易與有償交易同為社會典型交易型態,承擔重要社會功能。羅馬法上本於利益原則,透過誠信行為與誠信訴訟,建構起包括無因管理與無償契約在內的無償行為歸責體系。 近代民法以降以有償交易為社會典型交易型態,將無償交易歸於例外,無償行為法歸責原則從此被納入保護無償行為人的意旨,此種觀念同時影響到無償契約的成立,亦即近代法從成立與效力兩個層面,以保護無償行為人為原則,重塑了羅馬法以來的無償行為法體系。同時,由於近代民法建構起有償無償對立的兩分架構,在契約的第三人效力上亦以有償交易為中心不斷體系化,弱化無償交易的效力。 然而在現代社會之中,透過契約獲得利益以及公法給予對無償行為人的特別利益這兩種情形,使得民法中有償與無償的界限趨於模糊,另一方面無償行為人之間的特殊人際信賴關係亦逐漸淡薄。這使得一方面無法反映實際利益歸屬的有償契約與無償契約對立的兩分架構受到挑戰,更根本的問題則無償契約是否能涵蓋社會典型無償行為受到相當質疑。本文主張在維持近代民法有償無償基本架構的前提下,回歸到羅馬法上的利益原則,以法官適用誠信原則的方式,禁止實際受有利益的無償行為人主張無償契約法的特別保護。在進行無償契約的性質決定之前,則要充分考慮當事人之間是否有特殊人際信賴與交易可能,在此二者皆不存在的情況下,應當首先考慮以單方行為構成的可能。 本文的基本觀念,在於自羅馬法經近代民法至現代民法,社經關係、法理念與法技術均已經過重大改變,從法典角度而言,以有償無償對立的兩分結構建築起的近代民法既並未充實承襲羅馬法之全部,亦無法對應現代社會利益多元化之挑戰。從研究方法而言,本文首先消化社會科學對無償行為的研究,歸納出無償行為的典型社會類型,在此基礎上再進行法制史的回溯,析出法規範上的無償行為典型類型的變動,從法理念變遷的角度闡釋無償行為規範類型變動的過程,最後參考比較法上的討論成果,探討法技術上對無償行為可能的處理方式,並對兩岸民法進行立法論與解釋論上的建議。
2

股東會決議瑕疵連鎖效應之研究-以選任董事決議瑕疵為中心 / A Study for chain of defect of shareholder meeting of the company-focus on the election of directors of the resolution

陳宣至, Chen Hsuen Chin Unknown Date (has links)
關於股東會決議之瑕疵,依我國目前法律與實務通說下,共有三種類型:股東會決議無效、不存在與得撤銷。惟我國公司法並未規範一旦法院判決認定股東會決議無效、不存在或撤銷股東會決議後之法律效果為何,若將具瑕疵之決議限縮於選任董事之決議上,則不具董事身分之人擔任公司董事一職下,由於訴訟程序冗長,此段期間公司對外之法律關係(或董事代表公司所為之法律行為)、公司與不具董事身分之人間之法律關係及公司後續的程序召集上,其法律效果為何?日本學說上提出「連鎖瑕疵」闡述此問題。我國公司法學者通說採取對外類推適用表見代理、對內適用無因管理之見解;惟本文以為此見解將生諸多疑問,故本文參考英國法、美國法與日本學說上之見解,介紹英國公司法第161條規定並採取「事實上董事理論」以嘗試解決此問題。最後並進一步探究股東會決議瑕疵所產生的後續相關法律問題。 / According to the current law and common practice, there are three types of the defect of shareholder meeting of the company. There are void resolution, no resolution, and annulment of such resolution. However, our corporate law didn’t regulate the results once the court makes the verdict of the above mentioned types of defects of shareholder meeting of the company. If the defect of shareholder meeting of the company could be restrained on the election of directors of the resolution, while the person who was disqualified to act as a director is still in charge, the legal effect of the company’s external legal affairs, also the relationship between the company and the disqualified director, and the assembly of the meeting remain discussible. The Japanese scholars bring up a theory called the chain of defect to elaborate the upper mentioned problem. Our corporate law scholars mainly consider that the legal effect of the company’s external legal affairs should be an apparent agent situation. The company’s internal legal affairs, such as the relationship between the company and the disqualified director, and the assembly of the meeting should think as a management of affairs without mandate situation. However, my article considers that the previous perspective remains plenty of doubtful points. For this reason, my article would refer to the Companies Act 2006 (United Kingdom Company Law), Laws of the United States, and Japan’s legal theories. Moreover, I would introduce the Sec.161 of the Companies Act 2006, and adopt the theory of de facto directors in order to solve the problem. Eventually, I would analyze the extended and related legal problems of the defect of shareholder meeting of the company.

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