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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

民事無償行為法的體系構造—從法與社會互動角度觀察 / 無

章程 Unknown Date (has links)
近代民法中以無償契約為中心的無償行為規範體系,起始於羅馬法,其時無償交易與有償交易同為社會典型交易型態,承擔重要社會功能。羅馬法上本於利益原則,透過誠信行為與誠信訴訟,建構起包括無因管理與無償契約在內的無償行為歸責體系。 近代民法以降以有償交易為社會典型交易型態,將無償交易歸於例外,無償行為法歸責原則從此被納入保護無償行為人的意旨,此種觀念同時影響到無償契約的成立,亦即近代法從成立與效力兩個層面,以保護無償行為人為原則,重塑了羅馬法以來的無償行為法體系。同時,由於近代民法建構起有償無償對立的兩分架構,在契約的第三人效力上亦以有償交易為中心不斷體系化,弱化無償交易的效力。 然而在現代社會之中,透過契約獲得利益以及公法給予對無償行為人的特別利益這兩種情形,使得民法中有償與無償的界限趨於模糊,另一方面無償行為人之間的特殊人際信賴關係亦逐漸淡薄。這使得一方面無法反映實際利益歸屬的有償契約與無償契約對立的兩分架構受到挑戰,更根本的問題則無償契約是否能涵蓋社會典型無償行為受到相當質疑。本文主張在維持近代民法有償無償基本架構的前提下,回歸到羅馬法上的利益原則,以法官適用誠信原則的方式,禁止實際受有利益的無償行為人主張無償契約法的特別保護。在進行無償契約的性質決定之前,則要充分考慮當事人之間是否有特殊人際信賴與交易可能,在此二者皆不存在的情況下,應當首先考慮以單方行為構成的可能。 本文的基本觀念,在於自羅馬法經近代民法至現代民法,社經關係、法理念與法技術均已經過重大改變,從法典角度而言,以有償無償對立的兩分結構建築起的近代民法既並未充實承襲羅馬法之全部,亦無法對應現代社會利益多元化之挑戰。從研究方法而言,本文首先消化社會科學對無償行為的研究,歸納出無償行為的典型社會類型,在此基礎上再進行法制史的回溯,析出法規範上的無償行為典型類型的變動,從法理念變遷的角度闡釋無償行為規範類型變動的過程,最後參考比較法上的討論成果,探討法技術上對無償行為可能的處理方式,並對兩岸民法進行立法論與解釋論上的建議。
2

員工持股計畫中受任人義務之研究 / A study of fiduciary duty under employee stock ownership plan

李松諺 Unknown Date (has links)
員工持股計畫是由財經律師Louis Kelso所創,在美國已行之多年,廣為美國企業所採。最早的員工持股計畫是一種為了和平地從資本家手中移轉資本給員工、縮減貧富差距的工具。為了使這個計畫可以持續有效地運作下去,立法者將員工持股計畫為退休金計畫的一種,使員工必須長期持有股票,直到退休。然而在實務運作上,員工持股信託經常被運用為防止敵意併購的工具。尤有甚者,某些公司內部人會利用員工持股計畫為自己取得大量資金、移轉投資風險,但仍可保留對於公司的控制力。這些行為都有可能對股東及員工造成不利的影響,但在現行法制下,只能仰賴司法者透過判決保護這些經濟及資訊上的弱勢族群。 在台灣,員工持股計畫雖然已廣為許多企業所採用,但是發展了將近20年,只能成為另一種員工持有股票的工具。員工擁有的股票數量並不足以使其在股東會上贏得一個受公司內部人重視的地位,也不足以倚賴這些股票作為退休金之用。這種規模上的差異是台美員工持股計畫最關鍵的不同點。小規模雖然使員工持股計畫帶來的優勢少了許多,但相對地也減低許多代理成本,至今未有員工持股計畫侵害大量員工利益的事件爆發。然而這不表示員工持股計畫在台灣就是個可以被忽略的問題,若能在未來建立一套有效率的立法制度,使員工持股計畫的規模擴大,員工將可因此享受到更多公司盈餘,並且使其退休生活受到保障。相對地,參考美國員工持股計畫的問題後,也可以預先設想未來可能發生的弊端,未雨綢繆。本文相信,一個有效率的員工持股計畫,可以實現解決貧富不均的理想。 / Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) which is created by Louis Kelso is brought to practice for many years. Many enterprises use it as their retirement pension plan. The earliest employee stock ownership plan to transfer the capital frome capitalists to labors and reduce the disparity between the rich and the poor.In order to make the plan work out continueously and effectively, the legislator devise ESOP as a pension fund which makes employee own stock chronically until they retires. However, in practice, ESOP is usually exercised for preventing hostile takeover. Moreover, some company insiders may use ESOP TTO get a great deal of capital and transfer the investment risk, but still own the controlling power to their company. This behaviors will cause some harmful effects to the shareholders and the employees, but in the current legal system,the only one we can depend is the judge who can protect the minority in the economic and the information. ESOP is exercised by many enterprises in Taiwan. But after 20 years, it can only become one of the tools which assist employees to acquire company stocks.The number of shares which employees owns can’t make them have a posi-tion which let the company insiders take account in the shareholder committee and have enough amounts for their retirement pensions.This disparity in scale is the keypoint what is different between Tiwan and the U.S. ESOP. Althoygh small scale makes the adventage of ESOP decrease, it reduce lots of agency costs. To this day, there’re not any events which injure the interests of employees by ESOP. Never-theless, it doesn’t mean that ESOP in Taiwan is a issue which can be neglected. If we can establish an efficient legal system and extend the scale of ESOP, employees can obtain more company interests and have a security of their retirement life.In the opposite, after researching the problem of the U.S. ESOP, we can assume the culpably misconduct which will happen in the future and repair the house before it rains。I believe that a efficient ESOP can realize the ideal to solve the problem of uneven distribution of the wealth.

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