京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21102号 / 工博第4466号 / 新制||工||1694(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科原子核工学専攻 / (主査)教授 神野 郁夫, 准教授 櫻井 良憲, 准教授 田﨑 誠司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

在此篇論文之前, 已經有許多學者指出在金融市場奔盤之前的價格波動與熱物理學中的臨界現象有所類似. 其價格會呈現Power law的形式迅速加速上升, 同時伴隨著log-periodic震盪. 藉由first-order Landau expansion和second-order Landau expansion, 我們使用了50個隨機樣本, 分別從五個不同的指數來驗證其正確性. 結果發現該模型很難運用在高波動的市場, 但是對於中級波動的市場卻有不錯的預測能力, 比方說S&P500與Nikkei 225指數. / Before this paper, many scholars indicated that market price movement before a crash is similar to critical phenomena. It can be described by a power law acceleration of the market price decorated with log-periodic oscillations. By first-order Landau expansion and second-order Landau expansion, we use 50 random samples from each of 5 different indices to test the model. It is hard to adapt Landau expansion to high volatility indices, but fit pretty well for medium volatility indices, such as S&P 500 and Nikkei 225.

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We have studied surface-wave propagation in two-dimensional space and applied surface-wave methods to near-surface S-wave velocity delineation for civil engineering applications. This dissertation describes fundamental theory of surface-wave propagation, numerical and physical modeling, surface-wave data acquisition and analysis methods that we have developed and application examples of the methods as well. We have proposed a new analysis method “CMP cross-correlation” that can greatly improve horizontal resolution of the surface-wave method. The CMP cross-correlation gathers of the multi-channel and multi-shot surface waves give accurate phase-velocity curves and enable us to reconstruct two-dimensional velocity structures with high resolutions. Data acquisition for the CMP cross-correlation analysis is similar to a 2D seismic reflection survey. Data processing seems similar to the CDP analysis of the 2D seismic reflection survey but it differs in the point that the cross-correlation of original waveform is calculated before making CMP gathers. Data processing of the CMP cross-correlation analysis consists of following four steps: First, cross-correlations are calculated for every pairs of two traces in each shot gather. Second, correlation traces having common mid-point are gathered and the traces that have equal spacing are stacked in a time domain. Resultant cross-correlation gathers resembles to shot gathers and named as CMP cross-correlation gathers. Third, a multi-channel analysis of surface waves is applied to the CMP cross-correlation gathers for calculating phase-velocities. Finally, 2D S-wave velocity profile is reconstructed through non-linear least square inversion. Analyses of waveform data from numerical modeling and field observations indicated that the new method could greatly improve the accuracy and resolution of underground S-velocity structure, compared to the conventional surface wave methods. We have performed numerical and physical modeling of surface waves in order to evaluate the applicability of the method. A finite-difference method is used in the numerical modeling and a Laser Doppler Vibrometer is used in the physical modeling. Both numerical and physical modeling has revealed that the surface-waves can be used for imaging two-dimensional velocity models. The modeling also clearly shows the applicability of the new method. The new method was applied to the real seismic data too. The data acquisition was similar to the shallow P-wave seismic reflection methods. The CMP cross-correlation analysis calculates dispersion curves from shot gathers. A non-linear least square inversion was applied to each dispersion curve in order to obtain one-dimensional S-wave velocity models. The velocity models down to depth of ten meters obtained through the CMP cross-correlation analysis agreed with known geological information very well. We have modified a passive surface-wave method, so called a micro-tremors array measurement, and applied it to near-surface investigation in civil engineering purposes. We have developed irregular arrays methods, such as L-shape array or linear array, for the micro-tremors array measurement and evaluated the applicability of them in comparison with isotropic array. These results lead to the conclusion that irregular arrays can be used for small-scale passive surface-wave method in which relatively high-frequency (1 to 10Hz) micro-tremors are used. Our new surface-wave methods have been applied to several different purposes in civil engineering, such as housing site investigations, earthquake disaster mitigation, levee inspections, and environmental issues. All these application examples prove that the surface-wave methods are very effective tool for estimating subsurface S-wave velocity model. The most important character of the surface-wave methods is that the method can estimate subsurface rigidity non-destructively from ground surface in soil engineering applications. Traditional geophysical methods in engineering field, such as a seismic refraction survey and a resistivity survey, are mainly used in rock mechanics field. No geophysical method has been widely used in soil engineering except loggings. The surface-wave methods can be first non-destructive investigation in soil engineering and it implies that the method will be used very widely. We believe that the surface-wave methods must become one of the standard methods in civil engineering investigations. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13774号 / 工博第2878号 / 新制||工||1425(附属図書館) / 25990 / UT51-2008-C690 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科資源工学専攻 / (主査)教授 松岡 俊文, 教授 石田 毅, 教授 大津 宏康 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12694号 / 論工博第4083号 / 新制||工||1555(附属図書館) / 29946 / (主査）教授 田畑 修, 教授 中部 主敬, 教授 西脇 眞二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17524号 / 工博第3683号 / 新制||工||1560(附属図書館) / 30290 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 一義, 教授 横尾 俊信, 教授 佐藤 啓文 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22158号 / 工博第4662号 / 新制||工||1727(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 横川 隆司, 教授 安達 泰治, 教授 井上 康博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第13317号 / 論理博第1564号 / 新制||理||1662(附属図書館) / 大阪大学大学院文学研究科 / (主査)教授 長田 哲也, 教授 柴田 一成, 准教授 浅井 歩 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18090号 / 理博第3968号 / 新制||理||1572(附属図書館) / 30948 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 小野 輝男, 教授 寺西 利治, 教授 島川 祐一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM