鑒於科技建警時代來臨，錄影監視系統運用範圍越來越廣泛，加上媒體大幅報導使用成效，導致新增議題持續不斷發生。本文先以預防犯罪角度探究錄影監視系統建置成因、運用及維護管理模式，取臺北市12個行政區2005年至2015年間各式刑案發生數，採竊盜案件發生數、強盜搶奪案件發生數及違反偽造文書印文案件發生數為被解釋變數，其中對照組為偽造文書印文案件發生數，監視器總數量為主要解釋變數，輔以守望相助組織、員警人數等與警政業務相關及多數犯罪實證研究文獻較常使用之解釋變數，從縱斷面及橫斷面的資料進行觀察，再透過「追蹤資料」（Panel Data）並運用「最小平方法」（Ordinary least squares,OLS）、固定效果模型及隨機效果模型進行資料分析，評估錄影監視系統數量配置上差異是否與刑案發生數有顯著關聯，藉以探討錄影監視系統建置數量多寡對於治安影響的程度。 研究發現，根據最小平方法的估計，監視器總數量與竊盜案件發生數呈負的顯著關聯，與強盜搶奪案件發生數及偽造文書印文案件發生數則無顯著關聯，顯示錄影監視系統僅對於特定類型刑案發生有犯罪預防效果，運用錄影監視系統雖然有利於破獲強盜搶奪案件，但在預防強盜搶奪案件發生效果並不顯著，同時驗證臺北市在錄影監視系統數量分配上並非僅以轄區人口數、土地面積及暴力、竊盜案件平均發生數為基礎。最後，本研究建議警政機關在錄影監視系統配置上應視影響刑案發生數之因素分配，如做整體預防犯罪決策應多考慮其他社會因子，在未來設置時，應適時變更宣導方向提高民眾治安滿意度，並針對系統設備有效管理維護，因時因地制宜，經由整合公私部門提高覆蓋率，以減少治安死角。 / In view of the coming of technical police age, the Closed-circuit television （CCTV） is applied more and more broadly. With the greatly reported effects by the press, new issues keep emerging. This article discovers the coming reasons, application and managed modes behind CCTV. We adopt the statics of the offense known to the police, larcenies, forceful taking and forgery from 2005 to 2015 among 12 districts in Taipei City as the dependent variable, the number of the forgery as the control group, and the number of monitors as the main response variable. We also take commonly used response variables in mutual help organizations, the number of the relevant police duties , and research papers of criminal evidence to observe the information vertically and horizontally , then conduct data analysis via Panel Data, Ordinary Least Squares （OLS）, Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model and estimate if there’s connection between the number of CCTV and criminal cases to see if the number of CCTV and has any impact on the public order. The research shows that the number of CCTV has significantly negative relevance with the larcenies, while forceful taking and forgery go opposite, according to the estimation of OLS. It shows that CCTV has positive influence on criminal prevention only to certain criminal cases. CCTV is benefit busting forceful taking, but not preventing it. Nevertheless, it proves that the distribution of CCTV in Taipei City isn’t just based on the district population, area, violence and the avg. number of force taking simultaneously. Finally, we suggest that Police Agency & Subordinate Branch allot CCTV depending on the factors of criminal cases. For example, considering more sociocultural factor when making decisions about criminal prevention and changing the ways of propaganda timely to improve the public order satisfaction. Furthermore, managing and maintaining system facilities effectively and change tactics as the situation and time demand to reduce the high crime rates by integrating public and private sectors and higher coverage.

保險詐欺是自有保險制度以來就有的問題，世界各國都被這個問題所困擾。因為沒有受到廣泛的宣傳及討論，加上執法機關的忽視、抗拒提供調查機能及加強追訴，所以在1980年代以前沒有被當作重大問題予以重視，一般民眾完全不知它的嚴重性，把它當作「沒有被害人的犯罪（victimless crime）」。然而保險詐欺隨時都在發生，而且範圍及程度日益擴大，已堪稱為「溫和的巨災（quiet catastrophe）」，不但影響個人經濟負擔，且破壞社會安定，因此本文就如何防制保險詐欺加以探討。 保險詐欺直接衝擊的是保險公司的經營穩定性與安全性，對保險公司而言是經營上的風險，因此從風險管理的角度，分析保險公司的實務運作，探討運用各種風險管理對策防制保險詐欺的可行性。經本文研究發覺以風險管理模式可以防制保險詐欺或減輕保險詐欺的損失，各種風險管理對策運用如下： （一） 風險自承原則：對規模小、影響層面小的保險詐欺案件，列為「堪忍的詐欺」，予以承受，以節省相關的查證經費。 （二） 風險規避原則：建立「防範保險詐欺查核表」，在進行核保、理賠作業時嚴格查核，積極避開保險詐欺風險。 （三） 風險分散原則：針對損失頻率低、損失幅度大的案件採取同業共保的方式；對損失頻率高、損失幅度小的案件採取約定自負額方式承保，以分散風險。 （四） 風險轉嫁原則：約集保險同業成立相互保險組織，把保險詐欺所帶來的風險移轉給相互保險組織。 保險詐欺基本上是犯罪行為，要消弭犯罪行為可以藉由對犯罪環境加以有效管理、設計或操作，以及降低犯罪機會達到目的。本文研究發現推動「詐欺管理生命週期理論」的嚇阻、預防、察覺、緩和、分析、政策、偵查、追溯等措施，及「情境犯罪預防理論」的增加犯罪困難度、提升犯罪風險、降低犯罪報酬、削弱犯罪動機等措施，喚起全民共同防制保險詐欺的意念，可以壓制保險詐欺之發生。 嚴謹的法令規範是防制犯罪的根本，經由本文的探討發覺保險詐欺的盛行，除了民眾法治觀念差以外，現行法令不周全，讓歹徒有機可乘及執法單位強制力不足，亦是原因之一。修訂保險法及刑法，對於防制保險詐欺有很大的效益。 / “Insurance Fraud” has been an issue, by which the countries all over the world are perplexed, since there exists the system of insurance. By 1980’s, not much attention has been paid to this issue which deemed a victimless crime and the public does not realize how serious the problem is due to the lake of broad propaganda and the ignorance, being rejected to offer the function, and being refused to strengthen prosecution by the law enforcement agency. Nevertheless, insurance fraud happens all the time and has already been called the “quiet catastrophe” because the range and severity caused keep expanding day by day. Resulting from, not only the financial burden of the individual is influenced, but the social stability is destroyed as well. Therefore, this paper probed into “how to prevent Insurance Fraud”. Since Insurance Fraud would strike the financial stability and security of an insurance company, it becomes kind of risk on company’s management. This paper would be analyzing the practical operation of an insurance company and trying to find out the feasibility of Insurance Fraud Prevention by using various kinds of risk management countermeasures. By which, this paper discovers the losses caused by insurance fraud could be prevented and/ or reduced. The followings are those risk management countermeasures studied and applied: A. The principle of “Risk Retention & Reduction”: Sorting out those cases by loss amount scale. Smaller ones are classified & named as “Admitted Fraud”, and settled without verification in order to save the related expenses for investigation. B. The principle of “Risk Avoidance or Hedging”: Setting up “Checking List of Insurance Fraud”, by using which to actively avoid the risk of insurance fraud while carrying on the operations of underwriting and claim handling. C. The principle of “Risk Sharing & Diversification”: Co-insuring with peer companies for those accounts with the characteristic of low frequency & high severity in terms of loss exposure. As to other accounts, appointing an appropriate policy deductible level to disperse the risk of Insurance Fraud. D. The principle of “Risk Transference or Shift”: Establishing the pooling system or organization to transfer the risk of Insurance Fraud to the peer companies. Basically, Insurance Fraud is a criminal offence, which could be eliminated and / or reduced by way of methods of management, design, and operation on the crime environment. It is found that the occurrence of Insurance Fraud could be depressed by: A. Promoting measures of “The Fraud Management Lifecycle Theory”, such as deterrence, prevention, detection, mitigation, analysis, policy, investigation, prosecution etc., and B. Executing the countermeasures of “The Situational Crime Prevention Theory” such as increasing perceived efforts, increasing perceived risks, reducing anticipated reward, removing excuses etc., and C. Arousing the public the thought of fighting Insurance Fraud mutually. A rigorous legal system is the base of preventing criminal offence. As discovered and presented by this paper, reasons why the Insurance Fraud has been prevailing are not only because of a poor sense of legal compliance of the public, but also the un-thoroughness of the current legal system resulting in offering ruffians opportunities to take advantages from Insurance Fraud and the in-sufficient power of prosecution of the law enforcement agency. Therefore, to revise the insurance law and criminal law would be greatly workable for preventing Insurance Fruad.