多年來，日本、中國大陸與台灣為加勒比海共同體，透過提供獎學金與合作交流等策略，來加強人力資本的開發。儘管如此，這些雙方的國際合作，並未在亞太地區獲得足夠的重視。尤其對於各方有利的僑民外交，更需要建構足夠的機制與制度，來建構彼此的僑民交流成效。有鑑於此，本研究擬重新檢視並探討僑民外交中，台、加雙方如何建立一個以加勒比海共同體為主的合作交流機制，及其對於雙方之可能影響。研究方法採用文件分析、訪談與問卷等方式，進行資料蒐集。研究結果發現，如何妥善運用在台的加勒比海共同體的僑民，尤其是來台的留學生等人力資源，以加強上述地區民眾的僑民外交能力養成，將有助於雙方未來進一步的交流與合作。論文最後並提出若干加強台、加兩地僑民外交的具體建議，也進一步呼籲未來學界投入相關研究之必要性。。 / Through the availability of educational scholarships and cooperation exchanges offered by Japan, China and Taiwan to CARICOM nationals, a resource of human capital is present in the Asia-Pacific that has not been utilized. This diaspora is of mutual benefit to both regions in several ways, and is in need of specific mechanisms and structures to ensure effective diaspora mobilization. The thesis aims to re-introduce the topic of diaspora diplomacy and present its potential towards the creation of a collective CARICOM-specific initiative in Taiwan. These recommendations take into consideration the limitations and specificity of this case. Through the inclusion of document analyses, relevant supplementary studies, interviews and surveys, recommendations for a collective diaspora engagement strategy have been proposed. Thus, the research findings reiterated the potential of the diaspora in Taiwan, their willingness to be involved and emphasized the need for further engagement and diaspora mobilization to take place. This thesis, in its novelty serves as an impetus for additional research and much needed discussion with regards to diaspora engagement.

本文旨在以學習者定位的角度切入，探討小留學生在求學各階段會遭遇到的優勢與挑戰。研究對象為兩位曾經於童年時期在加拿大求學的台灣小留學生，研究方法主要包含研究對象所撰寫之英語學習歷程、口述英語學習歷程與半結構式訪談，目的在於了解研究對象在人生各階段的經歷、自我定位與他者定位，透過「整體 — 內容」分析法，研究結果顯示小留學生在回到母國之後，經常受到他者的正向定位，因而獲得許多優勢，如獲得許多師長、同儕的讚揚、較多參與英語相關活動機會、英語課上獲得老師特別給予的自由、以及在面對大學與研究所課業上相對較少的負擔。而這些小留學生享有的特權也與台灣「英語瘋」的現象息息相關。不過這些小留學生也面臨許多挑戰，如在出國初期遭遇許多語言障礙產生的挫折、回台灣後相當不適應以考試為導向的教學、人際關係上遭遇挫折與國文科目的挑戰。同時交叉分析個案後，顯示出家長在確保小留學生未來學習順利與否，扮演相當關鍵的角色。最後於文末提出給予老師、家長與小留學生的建議，以及未來研究建議方向。 / This study aims to reveal the advantages and challenges that early study abroad students face through exploring the positioning of two Taiwanese students who studied abroad at a young age at different stages of their lives. The study adopts a qualitative research method with written narratives, oral narratives and semi-structured interviews as data and the data collected is analyzed using a holistic-content approach. The research findings indicate that the two early study abroad students positioned themselves and were positioned positively after they returned to their own country and enjoyed various privileges, such as peers’ admiration and teacher’s encouragement for their superior English skills, ample opportunities to participate in many English-related activities in school, freedom granted by teachers in English classes, and less schoolwork burden in university or graduate school. Nevertheless, the participants also face unique challenges. Both of the participants suffer from great frustration at the beginning of their study abroad experiences and were not used to the test-oriented English education after returning to Taiwan. In Jessica’s case, difficulties in learning the Chinese subject and troubled interpersonal relationships also existed. The findings also reveal the importance of parents’ role in facilitating these early study abroad students’ sustained English development. Suggestions for teachers, parents, early study abroad students and implications for future research are provided at the end of the thesis.

本研究以「人口遷移學推拉理論」為基礎，探索我國與留學地主國間留學互動關係的推拉因果模式，及其間的一致性和關聯性，並對我國未來留學生人數進行預測。研究的主要目的為：(1)瞭解我國與留學地主國留學教育概況，並探討海外留學對留學地主國與送出留學生國家國家的正反面效果；(2)說明人口遷移學中的推拉理論及評閱有關留學生流動的研究文獻與報告；(3)探索我國與留學地主國間留學互動的推拉因果模式；(4)探索我國與留學地主國間在留學互動的推拉因果模式間之一致性與關聯性 ；(5)對我國未來出國的留學生人數進行預測；最後(6)根據研究結果提出建議，作為制訂留學教育政策及未來研究的參考。 　　在探索留學互動的推拉因果模式與其模式間的一致性和關聯性時，是以我國與美國、德國、日本及法國等四個留學地主國為對象，採1954年到1988年共35年縱貫動態分析為主。在我國未來留學生人數預測上，則以1950年到1988年的動態資料為主。研究資料來源是「中華民國教育部統計」、「中華民國台灣地區統計提要」、「中華民國統計年鑑」、UNESCO統計、國際貨幣基金統計年報、美國國際教育組織的Open doors統計，做為分析的根據。 　　本研究之資料處理係利用國立政治大學PRIME 6150大電腦的SPSSX、SAS/ETS及PC版的LISREL 7統計套裝軟體，另外引用余民寧(民81)所設計「二次式分配準則SAS/IML之程式」，作為統計分析的工具。本研究共提出十個虛無假設，並擬以下列方法檢定研究假設。 　　一、以共變結構分析(LISREL)檢定我國與留學地主國間留學互動的推拉因果模式，即假設一～四。 　　二、以二次式分配準則 (QAP)檢定我國與留學地主國在留學互動的推拉因果模式之一致性與關聯性，即假設五～十。 　　三、以單變量時間數列ARIMA方法與迴歸分析方法，進行我國未來留學生人數之預測。 　　本研究之主要結果為： 　　一、我國與美國間留學互動的推拉因果關係證實存在。 　　二、我國與德國間留學互動的推拉因果關係證實存在。 　　三、我國與日本間留學互動的推拉因果關係證實存在。 　　四、我國與法國間留學互動的推拉因果關係在修正模式後證實存在。 　　五、我國與美國、我國與德國在留學互動的推拉因果模式之適配共變數矩陣具有.429的顯著相關性與一致性。 　　六、我國與美國、我國與法國在留學互動的推拉因果模式之適配共變數矩陣具有.469的顯著相關性與一致性。 　　七、我國與美國、我國與日本在留學互動的推拉因果模式之適配共變數矩陣的相關性與一致性僅-.098而已。 　　八、我國與德國、我國與法國在留學互動的推拉因果模式之適配共變數矩陣具有.763的顯著相關性與一致性。 　　九、我國與德國、我國與日本在留學互動的推拉因果模式之適配共變數矩陣具有.510的顯著相關性與一致性。 　　十、我國與法國、我國與日本在留學互動的推拉因果模式之適配共變數矩陣具有.377的顯著相關性與一致性。 　　另外，在我國未來出國留學人數預測上，民國87年以前預期每年將至少有6600名以上的留學生出國，並且當國民所得達12000美元時，出國留學的人數預期將可能突破10000人以上。 　　本研究根據研究結果提出建議，作為政府制訂留學教育政策及未來研究的參考。 / This research is based on "the push-pull theory of population mobility. It explores between Taiwan and the leading host coun-tries the causal model, consistency and correlation of the push-pull interaction in studying abroad. It also forecasts the number of studying-abroad students of Taiwan in the future. Therefore, the purposes of this research are: (1) to understand the foreign education of both Taiwan and the leading host coun-tries and further to probe the pros and cons of foreign educa-tion; (2) to explain the push-pull theory of population mobility and to comment the literatures of studying abroad; (3) to explore between Taiwan and the leading host countries the causal rela-tionship of push-pull interaction in studying abroad; (4) to explore between Taiwan and the leading host countries the consistency and correlation of push-pull causal model in studying abroad; (5) to forecast the number of studying abroad students of Taiwan; and (6) to propose suggestions for the policy-making of studying abroad and future studies according to the results of this research. 　　In exploring the causal relationship model, consistency, and correlation of the push-pull interaction in studying abroad, the subjects will be Taiwan, U.S.A., Germany, Japan, and France. The data are collected from The R.O.C. St-atis-bics of the Educa-tion Ministry, The R.O.C. Statistics Summary of Taiwan Areas, The R.O.C. Statistics Yearbook, UNESCO Statistical Yearbook, Interna-tional Financial Statistics Yearbook, and Open Doors (1991-1993) of the Institute of International Education. While in forecast-ing the number of studying-abroad students of Taiwan the data will be ranged from 1950 to 1988. All data of this research are dynamic. 　　The handling of data will adopt SPSSX, SAS/ETS, and LISREL7 packages program and will cite Yu Min-ning"s SAS/IML program of QAP (1992). All packages program are in the Computer Center (PRIME 6150) of National Cheng-chi University, exclusive of LIS-REL7 which is set in personal computer. This research will propose ten null hypotheses, and the statistical methods used to confirm the null hypotheses are as follows: 　　(1) Use Linear Struc-tural Equation (LISREL) to test the causal relationship of the push-pull interaction in studying abroad between Taiwan and the leading host countries. (Hypotheses 1-4) 　　(2) Use Quadratic Assignment Paradigm (QAP) to test the con-sistency, correlation of the push-pull interaction in studying abroad between Taiwan and leading host countries. (Hypotheses 5-10) 　　(3) Use both Autoregerssion Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) of univarate time series and regression analysis to forecast the number of the studying-abroad students of Taiwan in the future. 　　The main results of this research are as follows: 　　(1) There exists a push-pull causal' relationship in studying abroad between Taiwan and U. S. A. . 　　(2) There exists a push-pull causal relationship in studying abroad between Taiwan and Germany. 　　(3) There exists a push-pull causal relationship in studying abroad between Taiwan and Japan. 　　(4) There exists a push-pull causal relationship in studying abroad between Taiwan and France after modifying the model. 　　(5) Taiwan-U.S.A. and Taiwan-Germany best-fitted covariance matrices are significantly similar. The correlation coefficient is .429. 　　(6) Taiwan-U.S.A. and Taiwan-France best-fitted covariance matrices are significantly similar. The correlation coefficient 　　(7) Taiwan-U.S.A and Taiwan-Japan best-fitted covariance matrices are not significantly similar. The correlation coeffi-cient is only -.098. 　　(8) Taiwan-Germany and Taiwan-France best-fitted covariance matrices are significantly similar. The correlation coefficient is .763. 　　(9) Taiwan-Germany and Taiwan-Japan best-fitted covariance ma-trices are significantly similar. The correlation coefficient is .510. 　　(10) Taiwan-France and Taiwan-Japan best-fitted covariance ma-trices are significantly similar. The correlation coefficient is .3768. 　　Therefore, nine null hypotheses are rejected and only one null hypothesis is accepted. 　　Besides, in forecasting the number of the studying-abroad students of Taiwan, it will be expected to send out over 6600 students to study abroad every year before 1998. Furthermore, when the per capita income of Taiwan reaches US$12000, the number of studying-abroad students will be over 10000 per year. 　　Finally, according to conclusions and results of this re-search, some suggestions for the policy-making of studying abroad and future studies in this field are proposed.

人力資源發展研究所（IHRD）是由亞齊政府委託負責管理獎學金計劃的機構。該計劃的目的是為提高人力資源技能以及提高生活水平。 IHRD與台灣精英來台留學計劃辦公室（ESIT）建立了合作關係，以便計劃的順利進行。 ESIT是隸屬台灣教育部且具有代表性機構。其成立的主要是為台灣與包括印度尼西亞在內的其他東南亞國家之間提供更多必要的服務。教育在個人發展中起著重要作用。此外，教育是每個人的基本權利，是任何國家未來的關鍵。教育投資除了可以使人們擁有良好的健康，激勵自主和提供更好的就業選擇，教育資源的投資亦可以幫助建立更和諧的社會。教育不足在公共支出、犯罪、健康和經濟成長等方面產生高昂社會成本。作者主要的研究主題為這種高等教育合作關係是否可能成為讓亞齊與台灣的雙邊關係更為緊密的一個方式。在這麼做同時，作者使用了一些輔助工具，包含檢查工作績效、政策實施、IHRD與ESIT一起運行此獎學金計劃的管理系統。此外，還進行了專家案例研究，為本研究提供了深入和實務分析。該研究發現，目前獎學金計劃不僅透過給予獲獎者體驗海外留學生活機會有效增加亞齊的教育標準，還通過這個高等教育合作對亞齊和台灣之間的雙邊關係帶來了很多好處。 / Institute of Human Resource Development (IHRD) is an institution commissioned right under the Governor of Aceh to manage the scholarship program. The aim of this program is to improve the human resource skill as well as to increase the living standard. IHRD has established the cooperation with Elite Study In Taiwan (ESIT) in order to run this program well. ESIT is a representative institution under the Ministry of Education in Taiwan. Its purpose is to provide necessary services for the higher cooperation which exists between Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. Education plays an importance role in one’s development. Also, education is a fundamental right for everyone and key to the future of any country. Investment in education can put people on a path towards good health, empowerment and employment as well as it can help to build more peaceful societies. Inadequate education produces high costs for society in terms of public spending, crime, health, and economic growth. The author is particularly interested to study whether or not more on this higher education cooperation may become a mean in order to tighten the bilateral relations between Aceh and Taiwan. In doing so, a secondary approach has been utilized by examining work performances, implemented policies, and administrative system of IHRD in running this scholarship program together with ESIT. In addition, an expert case study has been conducted to show case an in depth and practical analysis for this research. The study finds out that current scholarship program is not only effective to increase the education standard of Aceh by giving the awardees chance to experience to study overseas, but also bring a number of benefits toward the bilateral relationship between Aceh and Taiwan through this higher education cooperation.