臺灣山地地勢險要，對軍事、治安等均有莫大關係。每年6至10月間颱風頻仍，部分民眾於此期間，進入山地管制區從事登山活動，以致受困山區，造成生命危害，且因聯繫、搜救困難，動輒需動員大批搜救人員、裝備，致發生登山民眾傷亡之憾事，均成為社會關注的焦點。 本論文所要探討的「山地管制政策」主要可以歸納如下： 一、 探討目前各相關單位之管制作為對民眾登山、旅遊活動的實際影響，並比較各國登山活動管制作為，以思考登山安全管理的改進方向，讓台灣的「登山管理」朝向更合理、健全的制度。 二、 尋找符合山地管制區內民眾治安需要，並適合觀光事業發展及便利民眾登山、旅遊活動的警政作為與改善方案。 本論文在研究方法上，包括第一部分文獻回顧，閱讀包括各公私部門之出版品、研究論文與網際網路電腦資訊，並蒐集入山管制歷史緣由等相關文獻資訊，也參酌各縣警察局歷年受理入山申請資料分析，第二部分尋找國內外相關的入山管制文獻做為本研究之理論基礎與第三部分依研究結果的結論，提出可能的具體改進建議，提供負責山地管制作為相關行政機關制定政策之參考依據。 目前世界各國登山管理制度中存在許多相似的管理特色。均認為在鼓勵人民合理利用國土的同時，更必須做到自然生態系統保全、自然景觀保全、野生動植物保全、生物資源的持續利用、自然保護、文化遺產保護和國土利用管理。因此，本論文對警察機關山地管制政策提出以下建議： 一、 山地管制政策：廢除現行之入山申請管理制度。 二、 山難搜救事項：建立專業搜救機制、對於相關之警察人員及山地義警人員則應因地制宜，加強相關搜救技能和體能之訓練課程。 / The geographic structure of Taiwan's mountain regions, which are precipitous and provide excellent safeguard, has profound relationship with military defense and public security. Some people remain zealous about mountain climbing activities in the controlled regions even during the period of June to October each year, which usually sees higher frequency of typhoons. Some of the mountaineers may become stranded or even encounter life-threatening accidents during the trips. The situation is further complicated by the difficulties in communication and the search and rescue operations in the remote areas. It often needs huge manpower and tremendous equipment for such missions. It always grabs widespread public attention whenever there are mountaineers injured or even killed in the mountain climbing trips. The " policy of mountain control " discussed in this dissertation cover the following issues: A.A study and review of the mountain region administration policies and measures employed by various government agencies and their actual impact on the people's mountain climbing and travel activities, a comparison of the mountain climbing control systems adopted by different nations, and proposals for improving mountain climbing safety so as to establish a more reasonable and sound mountain climbing administration system in Taiwan. B.Helping to work out improved projects that do not only meet the safety needs of residents in the controlled regions but at the same time facilitate the development of the tourism industry, enable people to enjoy the convenient mountain climbing and other recreational activities, and meet the requirements of police administration. Several steps were taken concerning the research methodology employed for this dissertation. They include: Part I: A thorough study of existing documents in the field, including reading the published works in both the public and private sectors, research reports, and related electronic information and data gathered via the internet. The materials about the historic background of the controls over entering mountain regions and data about the applications for mountain climbing permits handled by the police departments of various county governments were also gathered and meticulously analyzed. Part II: Gathering, compiling, studying, and analyzing the documents concerning administration policies and practices governing entering mountain regions by public agencies in Taiwan and abroad to serve as the foundation of the theories in this research project. Part III: Presenting the governing authorities and agencies with the feasible and pragmatic proposals for improving mountain administration derived from the conclusion of the research so that they may use the suggestions as reference for more effective and efficient measures. The mountain climbing control and administration systems implemented by various nations actually share some major common features. While all encouraging the people to make rational land use, all the nations also stipulate several requirements. They include the conservation of the ecological systems, the preservation of the nature landscapes, the safeguard of the fauna and flora in the mountain regions, the sustainable use of the biological resources, and the protection of the natural environment, the sustaining of the cultural heritages, and the efficient use and administration of national land. Based on the thorough research, this dissertation provides the following suggestions concerning mountain region control measures presently adopted by police agencies: I. Mountain control policy: Abolishing the existing system that requires advance applications for permits to enter the mountain regions. II. Search and rescue missions involving accidents in mountain regions: 1) Establishing a professional search and rescue mechanism, including giving adequate flexibility to the police force and voluntary police members in accordance with the various situations in the mountain regions. 2) Providing training courses to strengthen the search and rescue skills and beef up team members' physical stamina.

1948年5月，上海舉辦第七屆全中國運動會，臺灣首次組隊參賽即一鳴驚人，榮獲男子田徑總冠軍，同時更展現守秩序、法紀律、團結合作、服從裁判的運動精神。不論場內的運動實力和場外的運動風範，皆被大會評為「全國第一」。究其因，實肇基於日本統治期間致力發展體育運動所展現的成果。事實上，臺灣在日本統治之前，近代式體育運動僅在西洋勢力所及的範圍內施行，成效自是相當有限，迨至日治時期，乃藉由學校教育與社會體育兩大方向，開始全面性、普遍地提倡體育運動而獲致相當程度的發展成果。值是之故，本論文主旨即在探討日本統治下的臺灣，究竟為何／如何發展體育運動，以及有何成效。 本文係以當時臺灣地區運動員的競賽為主，包含內地人(日本人)、本島人(臺灣人)以及高砂族(原住民)，因為此三種族群皆是當時臺灣運動代表隊的組成份子，以做為主要的論述對象更能得知當時臺灣體育運動的發展情況。在論文內容方面，首先，從近代西洋體育運動的興起與發展談起，隨著歐美列強國力的擴張將其科技文明與生活形態傳至亞洲，再至日本明治維新前後追求改善國民體格而向學習歐美體育運動，而臺灣即在此時代背景之下被納為日本殖民地。其次，探討日治時期各界人士對於體育運動所提出的觀念看法，以說明發展體育運動的動機與目的。再次，討論推行體育運動的主要機構，主要著眼於人事、經費以及如何運作等方面，以瞭解是由哪些人／在什麼樣的時代背景之下／如何從事體育運動的發展。第四、討論臺灣運動選手參加各項運動競賽的成績表現，主要以全島性比賽，以及與鄰近的朝鮮、滿洲、日本、菲律賓等地的比賽成績作較，可大致明瞭臺灣的運動技術水準。第五、分析社會領導階層人士所從事的休閒運動，以考察當時是哪些休閒運動最受是有錢有閒階級的喜愛，並從中討論體育運動的發展概況。 經由本文的討論發現，日治時期體育運動的發展係在官方強力主導、民間配合實施之下進行推廣。其次，臺灣的體育組織是日本帝國體育組織在殖民地的分支機構，臺灣全島性的運動比賽成為日本全國性比賽的地方預選賽，臺灣優秀的運動選手與隊伍在島內勝出者即成為地區性代表隊，順理成章前往日本參加更高層級的比賽。此外，體育是現代教育不可偏廢的項目，不僅能改善個人體格發育，也有助促進健康衛生；同時，體育並非僅是單純的身體運動而已，有時亦被視為國力的象徵，發展體育運動有助陶冶國民性格和促進日臺融合。最後，隨著日本統治的時間漸久以及統治程度的強化，臺灣體育運動呈現日漸普及的趨勢，而另一方面，則漸帶有濃厚的日本色彩，甚至許多日式運動術語發至今仍是使用中的辭彙即是明證。至於日治時期臺灣體育運動的成績表現究竟如何呢？整體而言，不僅與殖民母國日本仍然相去甚遠，即便連同為殖民地的朝鮮、滿洲、菲律賓等地亦有所不及。然而，雖然未見日治時期臺灣運動選手與中國正面交手的紀錄，但從1948年的上海全國運動會成績可推知，日治臺灣體育運動的整體水準，似乎不在同時期的中國之下。 關鍵字：日治時期 臺灣 體育史 體育觀 武德會 體育俱樂部 臺灣體育獎勵會 臺灣體育協會 明治神宮體育大會 甲子園 網球 棒球 田徑 游泳 登山 馬術 高爾夫 / In May 1948, the 7th China Sports Game was held in Shanghai. The athletic performance of male track and field athletes amazed the world by winning the overall championship though it was the debut of Taiwan in this athletic event. These male athletes disciplined themselves, obeyed the rules, cooperated with one another, obeyed the referees’ orders, and exhibited good sportsmanship. Both their athletic performance and sportsmanship on the sports field or beyond sports field were ranked as “national champion” by the sponsor. Their great performance actually was the achievement from the devotion to developing athletic sports during Japanese Occupation Period. In fact, before the colonization of Japan, modern athletic sports in Taiwan were only practiced in few regions where foreigners aggregated and the effect of athletic performance was quite limited. The overall promotion of athletic sports was put into practice through school education and social sports activities until the Japanese Occupation Period and so was the great performance achieved at that time. The main purpose of this study is to investigate why and how the Japanese developed athletic sports in Taiwan and the effects. The research subjects were mainly the athletes at that time in Taiwan, including the Japanese, the Taiwanese, and the aboriginals (indigenous people) since these three groups were all members of sports representatives in Taiwan at that time. These subjects were investigated to find out about the development of athletic sports in Taiwan at that time. Firstly, the study probed into the rise and the development of modern western athletic sports. With the expansion of national powers of European countries and the U.S., their science, technology, and life styles were spread to Asia. Moreover, after Meiji Restoration, the Japanese started to put emphasis on improving their physique and hence learnt the western athletic sports. And Taiwan was colonized by Japan under this background. Secondly, it investigated the concepts and viewpoints on athletic sports proposed from all walks of life during Japanese Occupation Period to demonstrate the motives and purposes of athletic sport development. Thirdly, it investigated the major facilities responsible for promoting athletic sports from the aspects of personnel matters, funds, and the operation methods to understand who were involved, how they developed athletic sports, and under what kind of background were athletic sports developed. Fourthly, it investigated the performance of athletes in each kind of sports games, especially national games. The study also compared the athletic performance of Taiwan with that of nearby countries such as Korea, Manjou, Japan, and Philippine to understand the athletic level of Taiwan. Fifthly, it analyzed the leisure sports that the leaders of the society engaged in to explore the preferences of leisure sports of the rich at that time and further investigate the profile of athletic sports development. This study found that the development of athletic sports in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period was dominated by the government with the cooperation of non-government in promotion. The sports organizations in Taiwan were the colonial branches of sports organizations in Japanese Empire and the national sports competitions in Taiwan became local preliminaries of Japanese national competitions. The outstanding athletes in Taiwan and the winners of local preliminaries would become the local sports representatives to participate in competitions of higher level in Japan. In addition, the study found that physical education is indispensable in modern education, which not only improves the physical development of individuals but also improves health. Meanwhile, athletic sports ability not simply teaches a kind of physical movement and it is sometimes viewed as a symbol of national powers. The development of athletic sports helped cultivate the personality of people and improved the integration ethnic integration between Taiwan and Japan. With the increase of colonization time and the reinforcement of governance, the athletic sports in Taiwan gradually became more and more popular. On the other hand, it was found that the sports activities in Taiwan was greatly influenced by Japan and even the Japanese sports vocabularies are still used now in sports activities. As for the athletic performance of Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period, as a whole, the athletic performance of Taiwan was better than Japan and other colonies of Japan, such as Korea, Manjou, and Philippine. Although the athletes in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period did not compete with the athletes of China, it could be inferred from their athletic performance that the overall level of athletic sports in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Period was equivalent to that of China. Keywords: Japanese Occupation Period, Taiwan, sports history, viewpoint of sports, Dai-Nippon Butokukai, sports club, Taiwan sports sponsorship association, Taiwan sports association, Meigi-jingu Athletic Meet, Koshien, tennis, baseball, track and field, swimming, mountain climbing, equestrian, golf