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成長基金的最佳化模型 / Optimization Models for the Growth Portfolio王靜亮, Wang,Ching Liang Unknown Date (has links)
本論文提出數個線性規劃模型建立成長基金的投資組合。目標函數皆以目標規劃方式呈現。第一個模型採用追蹤與成長差距最小的原則。第二個模型改採用大中取小原則。第三個模型則考慮時間因素對於投資組合的影響,修正第一個模型加入時間參數。最後以台灣上市股票市場作為實證分析對象,探討三組模型之表現。 / This thesis presents three linear programming models for selection of the growth portfolio based on historical data. The objective functions of these models are described by goal programming. The first model employs the principle of minimizing the deviation of the value-increasing index. The second model employs the mini-max principle. The third model is derived from the first model and includes the timing effect of historical data during construction of portfolio. The computational results and performance are illustrated by modeling with realistic data from the Taiwan stock market.
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指數基金追蹤模型的最佳化 / A Tracking Model for Index Fund Portfolio Optimization白惠琦 Unknown Date (has links)
指數基金係提供投資者追隨市場指數成長的投資工具,且投資者僅需考量市場風險即可,其建構方式有完全複製法、分層法、抽樣法、及最佳化法。本論文使用目標規劃模型建構指數基金,此法可歸類為最佳化法。由於模型中每種股票的投資數量設為整數變數,加上控制股票種類數量的0-1變數,因此所建構的目標規劃模型為混合型整數線性規劃問題。此問題在大尺度模型時往往無法求得其最佳解,我們研究此模型的結構提出一組縮小解集合空間的合理不等式,應用切面法加入必需的不等式後再根據本模型的對偶性質發展出有效率的啟發式演算法,最後將此模型及演算法應用在模擬台灣發行量加權股價指數。 / Index fund is an investment tool which tracks a stock-market index and thus is associated with market risk only. Its attraction to investors is low investment risk and low administrative expenses. Four different approaches to index fund construction can be classified as full replication, stratification, sampling, and optimizing respectively. In this thesis, we construct an index fund via the goal programming model with the optimizing approach. The model can be formulated as a mixed integer linear programming. The exact optimal solution can not be obtained when the model becomes large. We then develop a valid inequality and use this valid inequality to develop a cutting plane method. We also propose an efficient heuristic by adopting the dual property. Finally, an empirical study applying to the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index is given to show the efficiency of the algorithm.
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應用數量方法於解決多重目標規劃問題之研究戚樹誠, Qi, Shu-Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在提出多重目標決策理論之分析模式,并考慮實際管理者之使用,以作為管
理決策過程的有效工具。
不論個人的、組織的問題,不可避免存在不同且彼此衝突之目標。對於單一目標,傳
統作業研究理論已提供相當完整、審密的分析,然而,對於多重目標問題,則因涉及
層面遠較複雜,理論發展至近年才漸豐富,本文便研析至今之各種學說,并嘗試引入
實際決策情境討論。
全文乃以觀念性分析邏輯配合實際操作,其內容計有:
一、決策者的價值與偏好具體化-利用屬性分析及權的量度。
二、線型多目標規劃模型
三、目標規劃模型
四、互動規劃模型
五、實際操作的探討
為使其易於為管理者接受,筆者并建議在使用時宜採行的原則,以作選擇模型之參考
,最後并提及今後的發展方向,以展望此學科邁向更嚴謹、系統化的整套理論體系。
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以目標規劃模型建立成長型投資組合 / Constructing a growth Portfolio by goal programming model曾清文 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文使用大中取小原則及目標規劃技術,提出建構投資組合的數學規劃模型。要求此投資組合面對於不確定的股市,能夠在控制風險最小的情況下穩定且具有成長性的獲利。論文內探討如何透過數學的限制式來控制風險,而又能兼顧穩定且具有成長性的獲利,同時模型也可針對不同投資者的需求設定其數學規劃模型。最後以台灣股票市場做為實證分析的對象,給予不同的參數設定來驗證投資組合的表現。實證發現若以期初的配置比重持有到投資期間結束,此投資方式的績效欠佳。因此論文中進一步探討最佳的調整週期,實證顯示每經過8週,根據最新的資訊,重新調整建立新的投資組合,投資績效最好。 / This thesis proposed a mathematic programming model to construct a growth portfolio by using the mini-max principle and goal programming technique. The constructed portfolio is required to minimize the risk and to earn a stable profit under uncertain market. In the thesis, we discussed how to control the risk and maintain the growth of the portfolio by using the linear constraints. The proposed model also provides several parameters setting to meet the different investors' requirement. Finally, an empirical study will be provided by using the data from Taiwan’s stock market. The portfolios are constructed by giving different parameters and the performances are reported. The empirical study showed that holding a portfolio through the entire investment period without rebalance yield the performances that are not good. Therefore, the rebalance timing is investigated and the empirical study showed that a portfolio with rebalance strategy by every 8 weeks yield the best performance.
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從國內消費面估算臺灣二氧化碳排放量 / Estimating CO2 Emissions from the Perspective of Domestic Consumption in Taiwan with a Multi-objective Programming Model張智堯, Chang,Chih Yao Unknown Date (has links)
本文主旨在於透過國內消費重新估算臺灣二氧化碳排放量。蓋全球各區域二氧化碳排放量的變動,透過貿易分工而移轉,若只用一國國內生產面估算二氧化碳的排放量,將忽略了各國實際消費的二氧化碳排放量,並使《京都議定書》防止全球暖化的原意大打折扣。因為已開發國家為了達到氣體減量政策的目標,可將二氧化碳排放密集的產業遷移至低度開發國家,溫室氣體的排放只是由締約國轉移到非締約國而已。反之,若以消費面二氧化碳排放量作為二氧化碳減量之依據,則能更有效地提供減量誘因,促進減量技術之發展或誘導節約用能與需求消費。爰此,本文先以透過產業關聯模型調整消費面的臺灣二氧化碳排放量估算值,並以排放減量的觀點分析產業部門之進出口來源國,最後透過多目標規劃模型,進行二氧化碳減量之政策分析,並提出產業發展建議。 / This paper aims at estimating the CO2 emissions of Taiwan from the perspective of domestic consumption side. Since the developed countries would achieve the emission reduction goal by transferring their emission-intensive industries form their lands to the developing countries, we would neglect the true CO2 emissions of nations if we only estimate their CO2 emissions from the perspective of domestic production side, therefore reduce the significance of the Kyoto Protocol, which aims at reducing emissions. On the contrary, If we estimate the CO2 emissions of nations through the consumption side, we can provide the incentives for emission reduction more effectively, prompting the development of the technology of emission reduction or inducing consumers to conserve the use of energy. Consequently, this paper first estimates the CO2 emissions of Taiwan from the perspective of domestic consumption side through an input-output model, then estimates the import and export emissions of industry sectors, finally it analyzes the policies for CO2 emission reduction by a multi-objective programming model and provides suggestions for the development of industries.
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電子商務環境供應鏈供需互動模式之研究 / The Interactive Supply-Demand Model for Supply Chain in Electronic Commerce施穎偉, Daniel Ying-wei Shee Unknown Date (has links)
在電子商務的環境中,透過資訊科技的使用與通訊網路的連結,將會有愈來愈多的產品或服務需求者透過新興的電子化媒體 (如網際網路) 來尋找可行的交易互動夥伴,進而完成交易。因此,交易結構□每一份子間的互動關係,將面臨新的衝擊與挑戰。而納入電子商務觀念的供應鏈管理,將是以資訊科技與通訊技術為基礎的新領域,在此一領域中,供應鏈可以簡單地概念化成三部份:即產品/服務的供給者 (賣方)、產品/服務的需求者或是消費者 (買方)、及提供兩者溝通服務的資訊服務提供者。而在三者間,除了存在著生產與配送過程中既有的物料流/產品流、服務流及完成交易所必須的金流之外,更重要的是還有提供控制機能的資訊流。如何有效地管理與利用資訊流便成為供應鏈管理成功與否的關鍵性因素,而企業也因此產生了對於資訊服務的需求。
因此,本論文的目的在於發展出一個完整的研究體系,以針對傳統供應鏈中之供需雙方與資訊服務業之間的關係,發展出一個供需互動模式,以使電子商務環境中資訊服務的供需雙方能夠據此制定重要的決策與策略。此一體系包含了以下三個子體系:概念體系、評估體系、以及規劃體系。在概念體系的部份,本研究將透過文獻探討,針對供應鏈中的供需者 (可被視為資訊服務的需求者) 與資訊服務提供者,發展出一個整合的概念性互動模式,此一模式將解釋各個體之目標與其行為屬性,而這些目標與屬性也將成為後續評估及規劃體系發展的基礎。而後續兩個體系的發展,將以資訊服務的供需互動為研究主體。就評估體系而言,本研究將分別使用加法型 (層級分析法) 與非加法型 (模糊積分法) 方法來發展評選資訊服務提供者的多準則決策模式。而根據上述的結果,決策者便可針對其手邊現有的可選擇方案,來進行評選。一旦評選結果確定之後,決策者便可與其進行後續的供需互動。至於規劃體系的部份,則是要分析供需雙方如何根據自身的目標與資源限制,經由資訊的分享與交換,與所選取的夥伴進行互動。根據供需關係的型態及供需互動的主導者這兩個分類的標準,本研究將供需互動分成四種不同的狀況來探討。而透過模糊二階多目標規劃模式與多階段解題流程圖的應用,我們可以分析供需單位間如何透過資訊的交換以進行互動,並解釋互動所可能出現的結果,亦即失敗或成功。最後,本研究也將使用一個簡例來說明模式的可用性。
第一章 緒論…………………………………………… 1
第一節 研究動機與背景………………………… 1
第二節 研究目的………………………………… 3
第三節 研究方法與發展流程…………………… 5
第四節 論文結構與內容………………………… 6
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………… 7
第一節 電子商務………………………………… 7
壹、電子商務之定義……………………………. 7
貳、電子市場……………………………………. 12
第二節 供應鏈管理……………………………… 15
壹、供應鏈管理之定義………………………… 15
貳、關係的管理與分析………………………...… 17
參、買賣雙方之供需關係………………………... 21
肆、資訊服務提供者之中介……………………... 24
第三節 個體之目標與行為……………………… 29
壹、供應鏈管理之整體目標……………………... 29
貳、供給者 (賣方) 之立場……………………… 32
參、需求者 (買方) 之立場……………………… 35
肆、資訊服務提供者之立場…………………… 39
第三章 研究模式與方法……………………………… 49
第一節 研究模式………………………………. 49
壹、研究定位與個體定義………………………. 49
貳、供需互動模式………………………………. 51
參、研究範圍與分類架構………………………. 52
第二節 研究類型與步驟………………………… 54
第三節 評估方法論……………………………… 58
壹、因子分析……………………………………... 58
貳、加法型多準則評估…………………………. 59
參、非加法型多準則評估………………………. 61
肆、方案績效值的取得………………………… 63
第四節 規劃方法論……………………………… 70
壹、多目標規劃法…………………………… 70
貳、二階規劃法…………………………………. 73
第四章 評估面之研究 – 資訊服務提供者之評選…… 78
第一節 樣本特徵與資訊服務之使用現況……… 78
第二節 評選資訊服務提供者之準則分析……… 81
壹、評選準則之敘述統計分析………………… 81
貳、評選準則之因子分析……………………… 82
參、後續之效度驗證程序……………………… 90
第三節 多準則評估與決策體系之建立………… 93
壹、加法型多準則評估 – 層級分析法………… 93
貳、非加法型多準則評估 – 模糊積分法……… 97
參、實例說明與比較……………………………. 99
第五章 規劃面之研究 – 供需互動模式之發展…...….. 103
第一節 各種供需互動之說明…………………. 103
第二節 供需互動模式之發展………………… 106
壹、問題特性與解題流程……………………… 106
貳、互動規劃模式之建立……………………… 107
參、不同關係型態對互動過程的影響………… 113
第三節 簡例說明……………………………… 117
壹、背景說明…………………………………… 117
貳、問題求解過程說明………………………… 118
參、討論………………………………………… 125
第六章 結論與建議…………………………………… 127
第一節 結論……………………………………… 127
第二節 研究限制與困難………………………… 129
第三節 未來發展方向…………………………… 130
參考文獻………………………………………………… 131
附錄一………………………………………………………… 141
附錄二………………………………………………………… 145
附錄三………………………………………………………… 150
附錄四………………………………………………………… 153
附錄五………………………………………………………… 155
附錄六………………………………………………………… 163
附錄七………………………………………………………… 165
博士候選人簡歷……………………………………………… 172 / In the environment of Electronic Commerce (EC), there are more and more demanders of products or services looking for available interactive partners of transaction through the burgeoned electronic media (such as the Internet), who then complete transactions with the use of information technology and the connection of communication networks. Therefore, the interactive relationship between each member in the transaction structure will face new poundings and challenges. And the supply chain (SC) management, which fits into the notion of EC, will be a new field based on information technology and communication infrastructure. Within this field, the SC can be simply conceptualized into three parts: (1) Those act as the suppliers of products and services (the sellers), (2) The demanders or consumers of products and services (the buyers) and (3) the information service provider (ISP) which provides the information service for both parties. Among these three parties, in addition to the material/product flow and service flow existed in the production and distribution processes together with the financial flow required of accomplishing transactions, what is more important is the information flow that provides control function. Thus, how to effectively manage and use information flow becomes a key factor for successful SC management. As a result, the needs from enterprises for information service arise.
This dissertation aims to establish a complete research system which helps develop an interactive supply-demand model for SC in EC, especially focusing on the relationship between the demanders and suppliers of information service. The research system includes three sub-systems: system of conceptualization, system of evaluation and system of planning. The system of conceptualization develops an integrated conceptual model to depict the interactive supply-demand relationship within SC. This model explains the objectives and the behavioral attributes of every individual, which then become the foundation of follow-up development of the systems of evaluation and planning. As for system of evaluation, this paper uses both additive (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and non-additive methods (Fuzzy Integral) to develop the multiple criteria decision making model for evaluating and selecting ISPs. In accordance with the results above, decision-makers are able to evaluate and select from alternatives on hand. Once the evaluation result is confirmed, decision-makers can proceed with the follow-up supply-demand interaction. As for the planning system, analysis of how supplier and demander of information service interact with each other according to their objectives and resource constraints is carried out. This dissertation also divides the supply-demand interaction into four different situations according to the type of relationship and the dominance. Through the application of fuzzy bi-level multiple objective programming (fuzzy BLMOP) technique and the multi-stage problem solving flow chart, we can analyze how the supply and demand units interact with each other by exchanging information and the possible outcomes of interactions can be explained. Finally, this dissertation illustrates the applicability of the fuzzy BLMOP model with a simple example.
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數位網路上多重目標規劃的數學模式 / Mathematical Models of Pareto Optimal Path Selection on All-IP Networks王嘉宏, Wang, Chia-Hung Unknown Date (has links)
面對通訊與資訊科技的大幅進步,通訊網路正在進行一個巨大的變革,要將電信網路與數據網路整合成一個單一的All-IP網路以支援所有網路應用服務。欲達到整合型網路的理想,仍有許多困難尚待克服,而服務品質問題是其中最關鍵的問題之一。因為受限於封包交換網路之原有的特性,All-IP網路有影響服務品質的三項因素:過長的延遲時間、抖動以及封包遺失。首先,我們利用了達成度函數(achievement function)來處理單位的轉換,使得能夠同時考量此三項不同單位的因素。接著,本文中提出一套方法來解決All-IP網路上端對端(end-to-end)的資源配置及路徑規劃問題。在分配資源時,我們企圖提供一種成比例的公平性給各個不同等級。此公平性的精神是要使得所有網路使用者的滿足程度相當,而非各個不同等級的使用者分配到相同的資源。我們將以預算方式控制端對端品質管理以追求使用者之整體最大滿意程度。
本論文的規劃概念是將網路規劃分成兩個階段。第一階段是在一筆給定的總預算底下,以成比例的方式去分配資源給各個不同等級,並建置網路上的頻寬,使各等級能依其需求拿到適當的頻寬,確保滿足程度相當。
接下來第二階段則是在第一部份已完成的規劃基礎下,做路徑規劃,指派新進入的使用者到一條較好的路徑,在滿足此使用者的延遲時間要求下,使此系統的壅塞程度越小越好。路徑規劃的概念為如何挑選最佳網路路徑,以規劃具服務品質之端對端路徑,並可達到資源之最有效利用。網路營運者將可運用此套方法來調校自身所營運的網路以追求使用者最高滿意度。 / We present an approach for the fair resource allocation problem
and QoS routing in All-IP networks that offer multiple services to users. The objective of the optimization problem is to determine the amount of required bandwidth for each link and each class to maximize the sum of the users' utility. In this work, we focus on approaches that, while allocating bandwidth, attempt to provide a proportionally fair treatment of all the competing classes. First, we will show that an achievement function can map different criteria subject to various utility onto a normalized scale. It may be interpreted as a measure of QoS (Quality of Service) on All-IP networks. Using the bandwidth allocation model, we can find a Pareto optimal allocation of bandwidth on the network under a limited available budget. This allocation can provide the so-called proportional fairness to every class, that is, this allocation can provide the similar satisfaction to each user. Next, we present a routing scheme under consideration of the delay. Such an optimal path provides the end-to-end QoS guarantees to each user. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate how to solve the fair resource allocation problem and how to modify the nonlinear parts.
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