為因應高齡者參與志願服務的趨勢發展及對個人職場高齡志工的關懷，本研究旨在了解醫院高齡志工老化態度與幸福感現況，探討不同背景變項的醫院高齡志工在老化態度與幸福感的差異，並探討兩者間之相關情形，根據研究結果提出建議，以供相關單位及研究上之參考。 本研究係以研究者服務的醫學中心年滿60歲以上的高齡志工為研究對象，採用問卷調查法蒐集資料，以研究者自編的「醫院高齡志工老化態度與幸福感量表」為研究工具，共發出230份問卷，回收有效問卷218份，所得資料透過SPSS for Windows 18.0版的統計軟體，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費（Scheffe）事後檢定及皮爾森積差相關等統計方法加以分析，獲致實證結果。 根據分析結果，研究主要發現如下： 一、醫院高齡志工的老化態度呈現正向，以「老化認知」得分最高。 二、醫院高齡志工的幸福感極佳，以「社會參與」得分最高。 三、老化態度方面：不同健康狀況之醫院高齡志工其老化態度有顯著差異；在不同婚 姻狀況之醫院高齡志工僅「老化認知」層面的知覺上有差異。 四、幸福感方面：在年齡、經濟狀況與健康狀況等不同背景變項之醫院高齡志工其幸 福感有顯著差異。 五、醫院高齡志工老化態度與幸福感之間有顯著正相關。 / To Response to elderly participant in the trend of development of volunteer service, and care for personal vocational elderly volunteer, this study aimed to research the current condition of the hospital elderly volunteers in term of their attitudes toward aging and well-being of the hospital elderly Volunteers. Then we try to study on hospital elderly volunteers of different background variables in differences attitude towards aging and well-being, and find the relationship between attitude towards aging and well-being. According to the above findings, we try to provide the respective suggestions to coherent units for reference. Regarding the researchers service medical center above 60 years elderly volunteers as the research object, this research adopts the investigation method of the questionnaire. To utilize hospital elderly volunteers of attitudes toward aging and well-being questionnaire as measure tool, 230 questionnaires were sent. The final effective samples were 218. SPSS for Windows 18.0 was used in this study. By using reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe and Pearson correlation analysis, we had good findings. According to the result of analysis, the findings were summarized as follows: 1.The attitude toward aging that the hospital elderly volunteers present the progressive orientation and the highest score to “Aging Cognition.” 2.The present condition of the hospital elder volunteer’s well-being was extremely good, and the highest score to” Social Participation.” 3.In the attitude toward aging, there are significant differences in the hospital elderly volunteer’s attitude toward aging of different health status. There are significant differences in the hospital elder volunteer’s “Aging Cognition” of different marital status. 4.In the well-being, there are significant differences in the different background variables of age, economic status and health status, such as hospital elderly volunteer’s their well-being. 5.There is apparent positive correlation between the hospital elderly volunteer’s attitude toward aging and well-being.

本論文的研究目的，是以「老化態度」及「老年準備」之概念架構，探索中年男同志關於老化的生命經驗，希望藉由中年男同志的自身經驗，來理解他們對老化的意義詮釋、老年生活的想像及所從事的老年準備情形。 本研究使用質性取向的研究方法，以半結構式的深度訪談進行資料蒐集，訪談了十二位居住在大台北地區或桃園縣市，年齡介於四十歲至五十三歲的中年男同志，主要的研究結果如下：（一）受訪者談論的老化意義，是由生理、心理及社會文化等多方面所交織而成的概念，在不同的面向上也有不同程度的正、負向評價，整體來說，他們傾向於否定自己是老人、離老尚遠的「老年拒斥觀」；至於對老的界定，最明顯的是，當他們和同年齡層的異性戀者相比時，多半覺得自己保有年輕化的優勢。另外，許多受訪者也提到年輕男同志對中、老年同志的負面態度或刻板印象，某種程度上反映出男同志族群的怕老心態。（二）在受訪者描繪的老年生活圖像中，對「社會支持網絡」的老年想像尤其重視朋友及伴侶關係等非正式網絡，其中幾位已婚男同志也提及對婚姻家庭的老年生活想像（例如「含飴弄孫」）；在「社會參與」方面，他們期待能夠「參與志願服務」、「出錢出力貢獻社會」、「老年的再教育」、「工作者角色的延續」及「從事休閒活動與興趣」等，其共同的目的是為了達到自我成長及自我實現，但也可能因同志身份而面臨參與的障礙；至於「對老年的焦慮、擔心或害怕」，他們談論得最多、最擔心的是「怕重病」、「怕醜」，以及「怕失去外在吸引力」。（三）在受訪者實際從事的老年準備內容中，他們認為最需要準備、且實際準備程度較高的是「經濟準備」（工作收入及其他財務規劃），其次則是「抗老化的準備」（基於身體健康或外在吸引力而進行的保養）、「從事興趣或休閒活動」（偏向動態性、團體式的型態）以及「社會支持網絡維繫」，至於目前積極從事「社會學習與志願服務」及「老年居住安排」的受訪者則較少。總括來說，受訪者提及的準備內容都是屬於非正式的準備，較不重視正式組織（如政府、公司企業或非營利組織）在老年準備中扮演的角色。 再由生命週期觀點來檢視，則發現中年男同志的老化態度、老年生活想像及老年準備情形與中年異性戀者之間具有相似性，但也有差異性，同時，也呈現出一些動態歷程的改變。 值得深思的是，「老年準備」的概念本身有可能隱含著個人本位的意識型態，當政府的老年政策強調老年人的自我照顧責任時，也就忽視了對社經地位較弱勢者應有的保障。此外，本研究也發現，娶外籍新娘的已婚中年男同志，其婚姻關係凸顯出「性傾向弱勢」與「性別弱勢」之間的相互擠壓現象，基於自身利益的考量，弱勢者本身（已婚男同志）也可能會去壓迫比自己更弱勢的人（外籍新娘）。 / With “attitudes toward aging“ and “preparation for old age” as the conceptual framework, this study aims to explore the aging experience of middle-aged gay males, and tries to understand their interpretations, imaginations, and preparation of aging. This study employs qualitative research approach. The participants are twelve middle-aged gay males living in the Taipei metropolitan area and Taoyuan county, aging from forty to fifty-three. The researcher conducted semi-structural interview with them individually, and collected in-depth data. The study findings after data analyzed are listed below: First, the meaning of aging discussed by the twelve participants during the interview is a complicated complex, comprising of physical, psychological and social cultural dimensions, which are evaluated with different positive and negative appraisals separately. As a whole, participants tended to think they were not old and resist to aging. Most obviously, when compared with their heterosexual counterparts, they considered themselves much younger. Besides, many participants mentioned the negative stereotypes and prejudices young gay males tended to have against older ones, which reflects the fear of age widespread in this population, too. Second, The imaginations of later life participants in this study had involved “social support networks”, “social participation”, and “anxiety, worry and fear of old age”. They thought highly of informal support networks particularly, such as their friends and intimate partners, when it came to “social support networks”. Of participants entering traditional heterosexual marriage, some discussed their positive expectations that they hope to enjoy marriage and family life in later life as the heterosexual do. On the topic of “social participation”, they expected themselves to be volunteers, contribute to society with money and effort, pursue further education, keep working, and get engaged in their interests or hobbies. Their common purpose of social participation in old age was self-achievement, but they may encounter some obstacles because of their sexual orientation. In terms of their anxiety, worry, and fear of old age, what they talked and worried about most was getting ill, becoming ugly and unattractive. Third, as for preparation for old age, what the participants in this study considered most important, and thus prepared more was economic security. And other preparations included health maintenance, engagements in interests or hobbies, and connections to their social support networks. By and large, their preparations tended to be informal, and don’t emphasize the importance of formal preparation planning from formal organizations like the government, companies or non-profit organizations. With the life course developmental perspective, when we compare the attitudes toward aging, imaginations of later life, and preparation for old age between these middle-aged gay men and their heterosexual counterparts, we can find that some dimensions are similar and the others are different, and their attitudes, thinking or action about aging may change over time. Furthermore, the concept of “preparation for old age” itself may imply certain ideology of individualism inexplicitly. While aging policies emphasize the obligation of self-care of the elderly, it may ignore the security of those persons in lower social-economic status. Besides, this study also finds that the marriage relationships of middle-aged gay males who married “foreign brides” are some kind of mutual oppression in essential, the disadvantages itself（middle-aged gay males）are likely to oppress the other disadvantages in worse condition（”foreign brides”）.