根據素質-壓力模式（diathesis-stress model）的觀點指出，素質是增加自殺危險的脆弱特質，個體若具有容易引發自殺的脆弱特質，一但面臨重大的壓力，就容易發展出自殺意念及自殺行為。因此探討素質如何使個體進入自殺歷程，對於自殺預防將有很大的助益。 本研究的目的是探討曾有自殺企圖的受試者與未有自殺企圖的受試者在人格特徵上的差異。受試者是133位曾發生自殺行為的自殺企圖者與133位與有自殺企圖的受試者在性別及年齡上配對的控制組，受試者皆完成三向度人格問卷（Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire,TPQ）、自殺危險程度量表（Scale of suicidal risk），以及貝氏憂鬱量表（Beck depression inventory,BDI）。 　 研究結果顯示，新奇追求(NS)、傷害逃避(HA)與自殺意念，以及憂鬱之間的相關皆達顯著。本研究利用條件化洛回歸分析來預測與自殺企圖有關的危險及保護因子，結果顯示傷害逃避(HA)分數高時最能預測自殺企圖的發生；而新奇追求(NS)分數低時對於自殺企圖具有保護作用，會降低自殺企圖的發生。但是，傷害逃避(HA)分數高與新奇追求(NS)分數低交互作用時達顯著，顯示兩者同時出現時會提高自殺企圖的危險。 / According to the diathesis-stress model, diathesis is persistent vulnerability to increase the risk of suicide. Individuals who own the trait of diathesis have been viewed as especially vulnerable to develop the suicidal behaviours when they experience high stress. For suicide prevention, it will be helpful to understand how the diathesis cause individuals enter the suicide process. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between suicide attempters and normal controls in personality characteristic. Subjects were 133 suicide attempter with a history of suicide behaviours and the same number sex- and age-matched normal controls. Subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Scale of suicidal risk, and Beck depression inventory(BDI). Significant correlation was found among harm avoidance(HA),novelty seeking(NS) and suicide ideation,depression. Conditional logistic regression analyses has been conducted to predict the risk and protective factors of attempted suicide, and it was found that the high harm avoidance was significant risk, but the low novelty seeking was protective. However,the interaction between low novelty seeking and high harm avoidance was significant, when both of them show up, it would be under high suicide risk.

世界衛生組織表示「先前有過自殺行為的人，再度自殺的機率比一般人高」，因此如何針對自殺企圖者提供即時的關懷與介入服務，是世界各國重要的自殺防治策略之一。本研究希望針對曾有過自殺企圖的個案，經由統計模型的配適來找出自殺企圖個案的「自殺危險因子」，區別出再度自殺的高危險個案，以方便將人力及醫療資源投入到最需要被協助的個案上。 本研究的反應變項為「重複自殺企圖次數」，但是由於資料中「零值」的人數相當多，此外也呈現出變異數大於平均數的現象，因此我們採用可以同時處理Zero-inflated及Over-dispersion情況的廣義Zero-inflated卜瓦松迴歸模型 (Generalized Zero-inflated Poisson Regression Model)來進行資料的配適。我們得知重複自殺企圖之高風險因子有「65歲以上」、「曾患有精神疾病」、「不確定是否曾患有精神疾病」及「離婚」之個案，而「治癒」可能性較高的因子為「45~64歲」、「因情感因素自殺」、「已婚」之個案。藉由模型也可以進一步估計自殺企圖個案之再企圖機率，並且對自殺企圖個案進行分層，以進行不同程度的關懷與訪視，藉以提昇關懷的即時性及有效性。 / World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that suicide attempt rate is much higher among those who have ever had suicide attempts. Hence, how to express concerns and provide timely consultations for suicide reattempters has become one of the key issues in suicide prevention. In this study, we try to identify the risk factors associated with suicide reattempters, and predict high-risk cases so that the limited resources can be distributed effectively. The primary variable of interest is the number of repeated suicide attempt for a suicide attempter after his/her index attempt. However, there are more zeros and greater variability in the data than that would be predicted by a Poisson model. We hence fit the data using a zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression model, a model that is frequently used for modeling over-dispersed count data with too many zeros. We find that the risk factors for repeated suicide attempts are those who are 65 or older, those who are classified as psychiatric disorders and those diagnostically uncertain cases, and those who are divorced. We also find that non-repeaters are more likely among those who are between 45 to 65 of age, married, and having a suicide attempt history due to an emotional reason. Through the use of the model, we can also estimate a subject’s reattempt probability, classify them, and provide them with suitable care and attention accordingly.