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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

所得不均對自殺率的影響-以臺灣二十三縣市為例 / The Impact of Income Inequality on Suicide Rate in Taiwan-A County-level Analysis

翁文龍, Weng, Wen Lung Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究目的旨在探討所得不均度對自殺率之影響,採用臺灣2004年至2010年23個縣市的追蹤資料(panel data),使用行政院主計處家庭收支調查報告之年度原始資料,計算自2004年至2010年台灣地區23縣市之吉尼係數作為所得不均度代理變數。 實證結果顯示吉尼係數對總自殺率、男性與25至44歲年齡組自殺率的效果是不顯著的正相關。本文認為,2004至2010年吉尼係數均維持在0.34左右,而且變化不大,以及樣本年度不足,可能是實證結果不顯著的原因之一。此外,由於用以計算吉尼係數之可支配所得並未納入資本利得,導致吉尼係數偏低亦可能是實證結果不顯著的另一個原因。 然而,吉尼係數對於男性自殺率及25至44歲自殺率估計係數的大小卻是值得注意,隱含這二個族群非常關注所得分配的公平性,建議政府在短期政策上可就獨厚富人之賦稅不公平現況加以改善,以達杜漸防微之效。 / This study investigates the impact of income inequality on suicide rate in Taiwan. Using panel data of 23 countries for the period 2004-2010, As a proxy for income inequality, Gini coefficients based on the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure, compiled by the Department of Government of Budget. Empirical results show Gini coefficient has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on total, male and aged 25-44 suicide rates. This paper argues that the Gini coefficient remain around 0.34 for the period of 2004-2010 without significant change, and only 7 years of data may be part of the reason why empirical result is not significant, another reason that might cause Gini coefficient lower is one of the element "disposable income" it did not included capital gain. However, the most noteworthy feature is the magnitude of the Gini coefficients for male and aged 45-64. In other words, these two groups are concerned on the fairness of income distribution. In order to prevent the suicide rate goes higher, government should change the unfair taxes that benefit the riches right away.
2

台灣地區年齡別自殺率之變遷模式:1974-2008 / The change model of the age-specific suicide rate in Taiwan:1974-2008

毛人傑, Sam Mao Unknown Date (has links)
早在十九世紀,法國社會學家Durkheim就已經指出自殺率是社會上普遍存在之現象。台灣地區在一九七零年代的每十萬人之總體自殺率約在10人左右,到了二十一世紀自殺死亡率已經接近20人,這種趨近於兩倍的成長暗示了自殺行為在台灣似乎並非穩定不變,甚至有更加劇烈之趨勢。因此,本研究旨在探討台灣過去三十五年來,不同年齡別的人口所呈現之自殺死亡率變遷模式,並透過社會網絡分析方法中「結構位置均等性(structural equivalence)」的概念提供一種新的人口分析方法來對年齡別自殺率變化情形進行探討。 本研究嘗試運用「結構位置均等性(structural equivalence)」的概念,先找出具有相似年齡別自殺率結構的年代,並透過集群(cluster)分析方法可以區分出不同年齡別自殺率相似與相異的年代階段。再根據不同的年代階段可以找出每一年各年齡別自殺率是如何變化的,並透過MDS多元尺度分析的空間結構圖形呈現變化情形。 透過分析可以發現歷年男性自殺率雖約高於女性自殺率的兩倍,但兩性年齡別自殺率變遷模式卻相當類似。從年代的角度來看,歷年總體自殺率呈現「先升後降再升」的走勢;然而從年齡的角度觀察,每一年的年齡別自殺率呈現年齡越大,自殺率也越高的趨勢。雖然年齡別自殺率趨勢相似,但變化幅度卻又受到不同年代的影響。因此,根據年與年的結構位置均等性,可以區分出過去三十五年來,兩性年齡別自殺率模式的五種階段類型。因此可以透過不同階段中每一年MDS空間結構圖,來觀察不同年齡別自殺率在不同年代上的「相似性」變化,及歷年各年齡別自殺率在空間上的移動情形。 因此透過結構相似性的分析概念與MDS空間結構圖的距離呈現,可以證明自殺率是同時受到「年代效應」與「年齡效應」的影響。透過不同年代的階段分類,代表著不同的年齡別自殺率組成模式;同一年齡別自殺率又會在不同年代上產生不同程度的距離與移動變化,特別是中壯年人口的年齡別自殺率。所以社會網絡分析方法中結構位置均等性的分析概念,的確是可以用在如年齡別自殺率等人口議題上的探討與應用。
3

台灣地區自殺企圖者之重複自殺企圖次數統計模型探討

王文華 Unknown Date (has links)
世界衛生組織表示「先前有過自殺行為的人,再度自殺的機率比一般人高」,因此如何針對自殺企圖者提供即時的關懷與介入服務,是世界各國重要的自殺防治策略之一。本研究希望針對曾有過自殺企圖的個案,經由統計模型的配適來找出自殺企圖個案的「自殺危險因子」,區別出再度自殺的高危險個案,以方便將人力及醫療資源投入到最需要被協助的個案上。 本研究的反應變項為「重複自殺企圖次數」,但是由於資料中「零值」的人數相當多,此外也呈現出變異數大於平均數的現象,因此我們採用可以同時處理Zero-inflated及Over-dispersion情況的廣義Zero-inflated卜瓦松迴歸模型 (Generalized Zero-inflated Poisson Regression Model)來進行資料的配適。我們得知重複自殺企圖之高風險因子有「65歲以上」、「曾患有精神疾病」、「不確定是否曾患有精神疾病」及「離婚」之個案,而「治癒」可能性較高的因子為「45~64歲」、「因情感因素自殺」、「已婚」之個案。藉由模型也可以進一步估計自殺企圖個案之再企圖機率,並且對自殺企圖個案進行分層,以進行不同程度的關懷與訪視,藉以提昇關懷的即時性及有效性。 / World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that suicide attempt rate is much higher among those who have ever had suicide attempts. Hence, how to express concerns and provide timely consultations for suicide reattempters has become one of the key issues in suicide prevention. In this study, we try to identify the risk factors associated with suicide reattempters, and predict high-risk cases so that the limited resources can be distributed effectively. The primary variable of interest is the number of repeated suicide attempt for a suicide attempter after his/her index attempt. However, there are more zeros and greater variability in the data than that would be predicted by a Poisson model. We hence fit the data using a zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression model, a model that is frequently used for modeling over-dispersed count data with too many zeros. We find that the risk factors for repeated suicide attempts are those who are 65 or older, those who are classified as psychiatric disorders and those diagnostically uncertain cases, and those who are divorced. We also find that non-repeaters are more likely among those who are between 45 to 65 of age, married, and having a suicide attempt history due to an emotional reason. Through the use of the model, we can also estimate a subject’s reattempt probability, classify them, and provide them with suitable care and attention accordingly.

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