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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

探究我國所得不均度對私人慈善捐贈的影響 / The relationship between charitable giving and income inequality

鍾穎 Unknown Date (has links)
Warr(1983)提出中立性的說法,即所得重分配不會影響私人的捐贈數量。Bergstorm, Blume and Varian(1986)在其文中提出,當個人在所得移轉前後身分由捐贈者改變為受贈者時,捐贈的數量會隨著社會上所得不均度的上升而增加。至於Andreoni(1989)改變捐贈的動機,提出部分利他動機,結果中立性不存在。 本研究利用「家庭收支調查報告」,探討當所得不均度提高時是否會影響私人慈善捐贈。其中用來衡量所得不均度的指標分為各縣市的吉尼係數與所得差距倍數,由於各縣市生活水準與文化皆有所不同,考量地區別之間的差異,故在模型中加入各縣市的固定效果,控制各縣市的差異後,得到的迴歸估計係數皆為正且很顯著,從實證結果來看,本文不支持Warr(1983)提出的中立性假說且與Bergstorm, Blume and Varian(1986)提出當所得不均度提高時,捐贈的數量會增加的理論結果一致。 另外本文的主要迴歸式得到的所得彈性與價格彈性為0.59與-1.76,符合過去相關文獻的結果。另外相關影響捐贈的特徵變數,由實證的結果可以看出,不論年齡和婚姻狀況對慈善捐贈都有顯著的關係,而且兩者皆與捐贈呈正相關。然而在性別方面,不論是戶長性別還是家戶平均性別,實證結果皆不顯著。在教育程度方面,實證結果得到戶長的教育程度不影響捐贈行為,至於家戶的平均教育程度與慈善捐贈則呈現負向的關係。
2

低收入戶生活扶助對台灣各縣市所得分配的影響

劉宇晴 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的在分析台灣各縣市的所得分配,同時檢驗1994年至2004年的社會福利支出決算審定數及低收入戶生活扶助金額如何影響所得不均度。本研究利用行政院主計處的家庭收支調查,來計算各地區特定年度的吉尼係數,並進一步估計區域的所得不均度迴歸模型。本研究的主要發現為,社會福利支出及低收入戶生活扶助皆確實改善台灣的所得不均度。然而,低收入戶生活扶助的達成效率卻更優於整體社會福利支出。故本研究建議低收入戶生活扶助的增加可能為降低台灣所得不均度的有效方法。最後,由實證分析亦可看出其他可供參考的改善所得分配政策制訂方向。例如:鼓勵並輔導傳統農業轉型,往精緻農業,甚至是工業及服務業轉型,以減少農業人口比例過高帶來的所得分配不均。再者,應提供人民更完善,更普及的教育,讓人口間的教育程度差異,不再持續擴大。並可對婦女提供完善的職前訓練及對其工作的補助或配套措施,使其能更快速且無後顧之憂的進入職場,縮小社會因其產生的所得惡化現象。而促進北、中、南、東區域間經濟發展的平衡,不使因地理區域造成的所得分配差距持續擴大,亦是政府在制定經濟政策時,需加以考量的。
3

所得不均對自殺率的影響-以臺灣二十三縣市為例 / The Impact of Income Inequality on Suicide Rate in Taiwan-A County-level Analysis

翁文龍, Weng, Wen Lung Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究目的旨在探討所得不均度對自殺率之影響,採用臺灣2004年至2010年23個縣市的追蹤資料(panel data),使用行政院主計處家庭收支調查報告之年度原始資料,計算自2004年至2010年台灣地區23縣市之吉尼係數作為所得不均度代理變數。 實證結果顯示吉尼係數對總自殺率、男性與25至44歲年齡組自殺率的效果是不顯著的正相關。本文認為,2004至2010年吉尼係數均維持在0.34左右,而且變化不大,以及樣本年度不足,可能是實證結果不顯著的原因之一。此外,由於用以計算吉尼係數之可支配所得並未納入資本利得,導致吉尼係數偏低亦可能是實證結果不顯著的另一個原因。 然而,吉尼係數對於男性自殺率及25至44歲自殺率估計係數的大小卻是值得注意,隱含這二個族群非常關注所得分配的公平性,建議政府在短期政策上可就獨厚富人之賦稅不公平現況加以改善,以達杜漸防微之效。 / This study investigates the impact of income inequality on suicide rate in Taiwan. Using panel data of 23 countries for the period 2004-2010, As a proxy for income inequality, Gini coefficients based on the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure, compiled by the Department of Government of Budget. Empirical results show Gini coefficient has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on total, male and aged 25-44 suicide rates. This paper argues that the Gini coefficient remain around 0.34 for the period of 2004-2010 without significant change, and only 7 years of data may be part of the reason why empirical result is not significant, another reason that might cause Gini coefficient lower is one of the element "disposable income" it did not included capital gain. However, the most noteworthy feature is the magnitude of the Gini coefficients for male and aged 45-64. In other words, these two groups are concerned on the fairness of income distribution. In order to prevent the suicide rate goes higher, government should change the unfair taxes that benefit the riches right away.
4

1992至1997年俄羅斯轉型期間所得不均之研究 / A Study on Income Inequality of Russia during Transition: 1992-1997

王光絜 Unknown Date (has links)
經濟效率與經濟公平,是經濟學中最具爭議性的議題之一。俄羅斯自1992年開始由計劃經濟轉型為市場經濟,政府的首要目標就是追求經濟效率的提升,相較而言對於經濟公平的問題較不重視,因此,在轉型的過程中社會所得分配差距持續擴大,最終導致兩極化分配結果。 本文透過文獻整理和統計數據對比分析論證方法探究1992至1997年間俄羅斯轉型政策對其所得不均惡化之影響。首先,藉由俄羅斯轉型前、後所得不均指標之對比,以及其與同時期其他中所得國家和轉型國家之比較,暸解俄羅斯所得不均情況,證明俄國轉型後所得分配惡化程度。其次,由私有化政策、自由化政策、穩定化政策以及社會救助政策等四個層面,分析俄羅斯轉型政策如何影響其所得分配。最後,說明已經是市場經濟體且被譽為金磚四國之一的俄羅斯,其近年來亮麗的經濟成長表現和普欽總統之社會救助政策,對其所得不均皆尚未產生改善效果,故1998年後的俄國所得分配狀況仍値得改以市場因素和相關政策等方面作為觀察重點,進行後續研究。 關鍵詞:俄羅斯、所得不均、私有化、自由化、穩定化、社會救助政策 / Economic efficiency and equity have always been one of the most controversial issues in the economics. Russia began the transformation from a planned economy to a market economy since 1992, and during the process of transformation, the primary objective of the Russian government was to enhance economic efficiency, by contrast, the economic equity was less emphasized. Therefore, the inequality of income distribution had become more and more serious. At the end, it led to the polarization of income distribution. In this study, literature review, comparative analysis and statistical data analysis methods will be used to explore how Russian transformation policies had resulted in the aggravation of income inequality between 1992 and 1997. First of all, in order to clarify the income inequality in Russia, some income inequality indexes of Russia before and after the transformation will be compared, and by the comparison with other mid-income and transformation countries in the same era, we can identify the aggravation of income distribution after the transformation. Secondly, how Russian transformation policies had influenced income distribution will be analyzed from four aspects: privatization policy, liberalization policy, stabilization policy, and social assistance policies. Finally, author interpret that although Russia has moved towards a market economy and become one of the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries in recent years, its brilliant economic performance with Putin’s social assistance policies have not yet improved the situation. Therefore, author suggests that the further research on Russian income distribution after 1998 is better to focus on market factors and related economic policies. Keyword: Russia, Income Inequality, Privatization, Liberalization, Stabilization, Social Assistance Policy

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