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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

課程統整之理論性研究及其對九年一貫社會領域課程綱要(草案)之啟示 / A Theoretical Research of Curriculum Integration and The Analysis of The 1-9 Social Studies Curriculum Programs from The Perspective of Curriculum Integration

陳新轉, Chen, Shin-tsuang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以國民中小學課程統整為範圍,旨在探討「課程統整」概念之涵義、理論基礎、課程統整的理由、統整模式、實施原則,以及與課程統整相屬的觀念,並根據理論探討的結果,評析「九年一貫社會領域課程綱要草案」。經過文獻分析及概念分析,最後得到的發現如下: 第一,課程統整的涵義。從歷史的角度探討課程統整的演變,本文發現近代課程統整概念源於十九世紀之「學問的統整」、「社會的統整」、「學習者(人格)的統整」及「學習的統整」的思想。到了進步主義教育思想盛行的時代,課程統整已經發展成為統合學習者、知識及社會三者的課程理論,其形式與內涵都相當完備,二次大戰後迄今,由於課程科學化、概念重建、人本主義以及後現代思潮的影響,課程統整的內涵從知識的統整逐漸擴展為統整知識、學習者(自我意義、認知結構、社會文化、生活經驗)、社會(社會所期望之價值、能力與公民素質)的課程設計方法或理論。 第二,課程統整與「科際整合」的概念有關,但不宜視之為「一而二,二而一」的關係。 第三,教育人員對課程統整的認識,除了「找出課程組織核心」、「打破學科界限」、「組織有意義、統整的學習內容」之外,更要有課程統整乃促成知識與學習者之自我意義、認知結構、生活經驗及社會文化相聯結的思考,因為課程統整最後乃是統整在學習者身上。 第四、了解課程統整的涵義之後,必須掌握課程統整的特性及正確觀念,才能架接從「認識」到「實踐」的一致性。 第五、當代課程統整的理論依據,從課程統整概念的演進過程來看,至少包括杜威教育哲學、認知學習理論、建構論、人本主義心理學、腦相容學習理論、多元智力理論及後現代課程思潮。 第六,從課程改革的立場而論,實施課程統整需要「好理由」,但是從「功能」層面出發,往往遭到反對者質疑沒有充分的證據、並不比傳統分科課程優越、或者與課程無關而是教師專業能力的問題。因此論課程統整的理由應從「學理」與「理想」層面著手,找出當今教育上必須努力或值得努力,而課程統整在實踐上要比分科課程具「優越性」的目標,做為實施課程統整的理由,本文將這些理由分成教育方面、學習方面、社會統整及適應社會變遷方面、反應時代特性方面等四個範疇。 第七,課程統整設計必須能帶給學生獲得以主題為核心的完整的學習,以及提高思考層次,從這種標準而論,有些統整型課程其實只是分科課程的變形,但並不表示統整性越高越有價值,這必須視課程主題及學習目標而定,因此設計統整型課程必同時考慮課程主題的性質與統整模式的功能,本研究探討主題之選擇與課程組織原則,並結合主題的學術性強弱及學科界限之濃淡這兩個向度,將統整型課程的設計模式分成:概念性多科並列統整、概念性學科互動統整、主題性多科並列統整、主題性學科互動統整、主題性超學科統整等五種類型,各舉實例說明。 第八,推行課程統整應遵循某些必要的原則,也需要配合措施。原則方面本研究指出主題處理的原則、課程組織原則;配合措施則從建立全校性課程藍圖;「教」、「學」與「評量」的一致性措施;統整的校園文化;充分的行政支援;以及與課程統整相屬的觀念等方面討論之。 第九,關於「九年一貫社會領域課程綱要(草案)」之評析,本研究根據研究結果,採取「支持統整而求其完美」的立場,針對課程綱要與「課程統整」有關的陳述加以評析。發現其統整取向是正確的,但仍有若干待補強的地方: (一)缺少對於「追求統整」從「認知」到「實踐」所需的觀念、原則與要件之陳述。 (二)缺少社會領域課程非統整不可的基本理由。 (三)社會領域目標仍有進一步統整的可能。 (四)九大主題軸僅顧及社會領域知識統整,導致經過轉化的「分段能力指標」過於向知識學習,因而出現能力指標在各學習階段分配不均,甚至從缺的現象。 (五)「實施要點」內容不敷所需,也需要調整其定位。 最後本研究依據前述之發現,針對「如何實踐課程統整」、「九年一貫社會領域課程綱要(草案)」之修訂,以及後續研究三方面提出建議。 / The purposes of this study are: (1) to explore the meanings, theoretical foundations, rationales, models, principles, character and relevant ideas of curriculum integration; and (2) to analyze what the “1-9 Social Study Curriculum Program “involves in curriculum integration. Through the methods of literature review and concept analysis , the researcher has had the following main findings : 1. Tracing the changing of the concept of curriculum integration(CI), we know the original thinkings of CI were discipline-integration, society-integration, personal-integration and learning integration in the nineteen century. During the progressivism era, curriculum integration had fully developed both in pattern and content. After World War II, the concept of CI affected by Curriculum-Scientific movement, Reconceptualists movement, Humanistic Psychology and Post-modern Curriculum Thinking, the concept of CI has grown into a curriculum design theory and method which bring knowledge, society and learner(cognitive schema, social-culture, self-signification )together. 2. It is not true to think “interdisciplinary” is equal to “curriculum integration”. 3. If teachers want to know CI completely, they will recognize the CI not only to find out “core”, to break the discipline barriers, and to organize whole experience, etc. but also to facilitate the integrated knowledge, society and the learner. 4. According to CI concept evolution, the theory foundations of CI included John Dewey educational thinking, Cognitive Learning Theory, Constructivism Humanistic Psychology, Brain-Compatible Learning Theory, Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory and Post-modern curriculum thinking at least. 5. The rationales for CI to be practiced , including four major aspects: the reasons of education, the reasons of learning, the reasons of social integration and social changing, as well as the reasons of time-changing necessity. 6. Although most of experts believe that there is a continuum along which progressively more and more connections are made, but the growth toward a more progressive state may not be better; it may be just complexities. So, design an integrated curriculum must consider both curriculum theme and model. In this study, provided five curriculum integration models: conceptual multidisciplinary approach, conceptual interdisciplinary approach, thematic multidisciplinary approach, thematic multidisciplinary approach, and thematic transdisciplinary approach. 7. To carry out curriculum integration idea ,we need to hold some disciplines and create supportive conditions which are to build curriculum mapping, to make teaching, learning and assessment in alignment, to grow up an integrative culture in a school and integrative idea in staff development. 8. The “1-9 Social Studies curriculum Program” is a progressive curriculum plan , but something with curriculum integration have to supply: (1) to add some explanation to practice. (2) to add some rationale to implement. (3) to integrate the social curriculum objects more. (4) to expand the curriculum theme content to include both knowledge and abilities elements which have to be learned for the students in compulsory education level. (5) to adjust and supply some “ implement guidelines ”. At last, this study draws some suggestions about how the curriculum integration idea to be practiced, the curriculum program to be adjusted and what the next study step is in the future.
2

科學典範的後現代轉向及其課程意涵之研究 / POSTMODERN TURN IN SCIENCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CURRICULUM

黃永和, Huang, Yung-Ho Unknown Date (has links)
自17世紀以來,自然科學在人類物質文明的成就,已成為其它所有科學的「模型」,也成了影響人類文化與世界觀的重要來源。在笛卡兒與牛頓等人的引導下,科學家們運用一種機械性的世界觀來發展並精煉他們的概念架構,這種機械性的概念架構被擴展到我們生活的每個層面,根深蒂固地深植在我們的文化裡。課程作為一門正式學術探究領域的誕生也因而感染了濃厚的機械論色彩,奠基於工廠機械生產模式的課程理論不僅成為課程研究的起源,同時也未被加以批判地成為現代課程理論的基礎。而更令人驚訝的是,自二十世紀初以來,自然科學在歷經幾次觀念革命,並明顯放棄現代機械典範而朝向後現代有機典範發展的時候,當前主流的課程理論卻仍然固守著過時的機械論思想。為了促進課程理論與實務的變革,我們必須尋求新典範的轉移。本研究的目的,便在藉由科學從機械典範到有機典範的轉移,批判現代課程理論的缺失,並探討後現代有機典範對課程理論的意涵,建議一種有機典範的課程觀,期以對我國課程的發展與改革有所助益。藉由理論性的課程探究形式,本研究指出如下數點結論: 一、科學從現代典範轉向後現代典範的特徵 綜合對現代科學與後現代科學的探討結果,本研究指出自然科學從現代典範轉向後現代典範的特徵為:(1)從機械論到有機論,(2)從原子論到系統論,(3)從決定論到非決定論,(4)從線性到非線性,(5)從他組織到自我組織,(6)從靜態封閉到動態開放,(7)從簡單性到複雜性,(8)從「主客體二分」到「觀察者參與」,(9)從現實性到潛能性,(10)從物件階層到關係網絡,(11)從二元區分到互補統合,(12)從獨斷支配到謙遜關愛。 二、現代機械典範在課程中的體現與批判 本研究指出,機械典範被體現在巴比特與查特斯的科學化課程編製、泰勒的基本原理、塔巴等人對泰勒模式的補充,以及Gagne、Glaser與Popham等教學設計者對泰勒模式的特殊化,而諸如行為目標運動、能力本位教育運動、精熟學習、成果本位教育、課程本位評量等,也都體現機械性課程的共通樣式,它們都可視為是「牛頓學說的轉世化身」。本研究並進一步分析與批判這些課程理論或模式的機械性特徵。 三、建議一種有機典範的課程觀 藉由後現代科學返魅的啟示,本研究建議一種「有機典範的課程觀」,試圖為課程理論與實務指出一條能使學習者恢復主觀性、內在知覺、內在經驗與內在演化能力的道路。此種課程觀的要點如下: 1、課程目標:應是「特定性」與「創新性」交互運作的結果。 2、課程決定:必須「賦權」教師與學生成為「課程的共同創造者」。 3、課程發展:課程必須是在學習的歷程中不斷自我組織與演化成形的。 4、學習經驗的特徵:包括多元整體性、脈胳性與自我組織等特徵。 5、學習經驗的評鑑:多元方式且「互為主觀」的成長性歷程。 四、啟思與建議 基於上述研究結論,本研究針對我國課程改革提出啟思與建議: 1、應將「課程」的定義直指教室實際歷程的師生互動經驗,將課程標準視為一參考與輔助的架構,將教科書視為教學資源。 2、有機典範的「課程統整」具有下列特徵:(1)課程統整是師生在教室互動的實際歷程中不斷演化開展的歷程;(2)就經驗型式而言,應強調多元與整體的認知參與型式;(3)就經驗內容而言,應試圖去使學科內容產生許多連結,產生脈胳化的意義;(4)應以促發自我組織的經驗統整為首要目標。 3、教科書審查制度必須超越現有的審查規準:好的教科書必須具有適度的不確定性、異例、混沌、不平衡、耗散與生動的經驗,方能激發教師、學生與教科書之間的不斷對話與自我生成,產生創新性的學習目標與探究行動。 4、依本研究探討範疇,建議有助於教師發展與實踐有機課程的專業能力之策略如下:(1)課程專家與教師專業成長團體的協同合作,(2)培養教師有機的自然觀與世界觀,(3)教師在教室情境中與學生共創課程的能力,應作為評鑑教師專業能力的關鍵指標。 5、就未來研究而言,本研究建議有二,一是探討教室實際歷程中的師生共創教育經驗之歷程,另一是開發故事、敘事與隱喻在課程建構中的潛能。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the postmodern turn in science and its implications for curriculum. The study employs theoretical inquiry methodology to generate new understanding of curricular phenomena and processes. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The differences between modern and postmodern science can be represented in the following shift of emphases: from mechanism to organicism, from atomism to systemism, from determinism to indeterminism, from linearity to nonlinearity, from passive matter to active matter (autopoiesis), from static-close to dynamical-open, from simplicity to complexity, from subject-object split to observer-participancy, from actuality to potentiality, from object-hierarchy to relationship-network, from either-or to both-and, and from assertive-control to modest-respect. 2. The tenets of mechanistic paradigm have directly dictated our conceptions of modern curriculum. It is reflected in Bobbitt’s and Charters’ scientific curriculum making, Tyler’s rationale, Taba’s curriculum development, and Gagne’s instructional design. Further more, the study analyzes and criticizes the mechanical characters of the above curriculum theories or models. 3. With the metaphors of postmodern science, this study proposes an organic paradigm perspective on curriculum. The main points are: (1) curriculum objectives should include “specific” and “ creative” ones; (2) teachers and students should be empowered as co-creators of curriculum; (3) curriculum development is indetermined; (4) learning experiences should be multiple, holistic, contextual, and self-organized; (5) evaluation should be an intersubjective process with multiple ways for the purpose of growing. Based on these results, the study offers suggestions for Taiwanese curriculum innovation.
3

台北縣立國民中學工作團隊之知識管理研究 / A study on knowledge management of work teams in Taipei county junior high school

吳堂鐘 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是以個案研究的方式,探討台北縣立國民中學的工作團隊之知識性活動與知識管理的差距。分析的項目包括知識管理關鍵因素和組織環境等二部分。同時也對工作團隊面臨的問題及其因應對策進行了解。其中知識管理關鍵因素包括知識的取得、知識的創造、知識的儲存等三項。組織環境的部分包括人員和組織行政的配合情況。 本研究發現,台北縣國民中學教師所組成的工作團隊,雖然在沒有知識管理的認知下,其知識性活動和已在實施的知識管理專案,相距並不大。若是將各個工作團隊採行的知識性活動加以彙整,則這個差距將更小。所以,如果要在這些單位中實施知識管理,應是可行的。 關鍵詞:工作團隊、知識管理、知識的獲得、知識的儲存、知識的創造、小班教學精神、課程統整、多元智慧、電腦輔助教學。 / This research is adopted to the method of case study: deeply discussing the difference between the knowledge activities and knowledge management ( KM ) of the work teams of junior high schools in Taipei County. The analysis items include two parts: the feature components of knowledge management and organizational environment. At the same time, the research also gets understanding in the facing problems of the team work and their coordinate strategies. In detail, the feature components of knowledge management include knowledge gaining, knowledge creation, and knowledge saving. The organizational environment includes the members and administrators of the work teams and their cooperation. The research found that the work teams of the teachers of junior high schools in Taipei County even if without acknowledgement in knowledge management, their knowledge activities are corresponding to the cases of current practicing of knowledge management. If to collect all the knowledge activities addressed by each work teams, the difference is getting smaller. Therefore, it is to say that to practice the knowledge management is doable. Key wards: work team, knowledge management(KM), Knowledge gaming, Knowledge saving, Knowledge creation, the sprits of small class instruction, curriculum integration, multiple intelligences, computer assisted instruction ( CAI ).

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