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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

專科護理師制度發展的弔詭-護理專業性的探討

黃嬿臻, Huang, Yan-Jen Unknown Date (has links)
雖然一般而言都肯定「護理」是個專業,但由於其專業結構的特質,卻使其專業自主性難以發揮,社會地位也普遍不高,而且在醫療產業中,護理人員也常會因產業的需求而被迫做工作角色的調整,這樣的專業與一般對專業的印象差異頗大,因而引發探究之動機。而本研究的主要目的欲探討現代醫療科層化下,護理專業的發展情形,並藉由近來「專科護理師制度」的發展,來探究該制度對護理專業發展有何影響,是否能以此制度解決目前護理專業的困境。 本研究是採用質性研究的方法,透過「滾雪球」的方式尋找訪問對象,而對象是以專科護理師為主,再輔以幾位護士、醫師及病患的訪問資料做為參考比較依據。而得到的研究結果大致歸納如下: 一、理專業發展的困境: 護理專業在醫療體系的層級結構中,被視為是次專業或半專業,而在臨床護理工作上則深受醫療體系中的行政系統規範及醫師的醫囑所牽制,護理專業的自主性無法充分發揮,護理專業「低度專業化」的現象在醫療組織中展露無遺,不僅專業性受到質疑,而且護理專業長期以來居於醫療層級結構中的下層,一直無法提升其專業地位與社會地位。 二、科護理師制度發展的弔詭 在專科護理師制度發展的過程中,護理專業的力量、性別、醫療產業結構,以及國家立法等等的因素在互相角力著,專科護理師便是這幾個因素互動所產生的制度。護理界為了使該制度通過立法,因而在專科護理師的角色上做了妥協,使其除了扮演護理專家的角色外,也得兼顧醫師助理的角色,甚至醫療輔助工作成為其現階段的主要工作職責,亦即雖具「護理專家」之名,卻行「醫師助理」之實,專科護理師制度的發展顯然充斥著弔詭性。 三、專科護理師的定位不明確,但對實際從事者而言有其意義 雖然專科護理師的身份是護理人員,可是從其工作內容或訓練過程等等來檢視,都發現其以醫療為主要考量的事實,醫院大概都將之視為資淺住院醫師的定位。所以雖然比起護理人員其勞動條件似乎有一些提昇,但與醫師等級來相比較,則發現實質的提昇有限。但這個制度對實際從事的勞動者而言,卻具有一些比較正面的的意義,諸如較具有挑戰性,在工作及時間的安排上也比較有自主性,成就感也提高。若更進一步來檢視,則發現專科護理師的工作強度增強,以及勞動力受到嚴重剝削的事實,而這些事實便在自主性與成就感的提昇下而隱藏了。 四、專科護理師制度對護理專業的提昇功能有限 專科護理師制度與臨進階制度的結合,整個護理進階制度的階梯更加延展,反而使科層組織進一步深化對護理人員的控制,且達到成本控制的目的。而結合專科護理師制度與護理進階制度,卻演變成護理體系中最高的一個階層,正好是附屬於醫師的指揮之下,這對護理專業而言,不啻為一弔詭的連結。其次,專科護理師雖是護理人員身份,但由於專科護理師的工作角色與醫師助理相似,實質工作性質與護理人員迥然不同,在醫療人員及病患的認知中,專科護理師與護理人員根本就是兩種不同的角色,因而護理內部也產生階層分化的現象,對護理人員的團結意識可能造成相當程度的影響。總歸而言,目前的專科護理師制度尚難以轉變「護士是醫師的助手」的形象,整個制度對護理專業提昇的功能也是有限的。 依據以上的研究結果,作者提出幾點對專科護理師制度的建議: 一、專科護理師制度要與醫師助理制度有所區別,除了必須鞏固專科護理師的理念之外,還必須從實質的工作內容做調整,要逐漸將專科護理師的定位界定在護理專家的角色上。 二、如果想要實現護理界所期待的專科護理師制度,或許可以採「醫師助理」與「專科護理師」並行的方式,清楚劃分兩者的工作範疇,並界定相關資格與訓練,另外明文規定醫師助理只能在醫院執業,以降低密醫產生的可能性。 三、建議可以有另外一個較為寬鬆的管道,用以甄選目前現任的專科護理師。
2

專科護理師從事醫療業務的法律爭議 / Legal disputes of medical practice performed by nurse practitioners

陳修聖, Chen, Shiou-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
目前在台灣,專科護理師參與醫療處置過程的一部分已經是一個必然的趨勢。雖然目前已針對專科護理師相關的法規做了修正,但是在實務上還是有許多需要克服的問題。修法後雖然對專科護理師的執業範圍包含非侵入性和侵入性醫療行為有了較明確的規範,專科護理師臨床執業面臨的困境還是存在。出現醫療爭議時,醫師、專科護理師、其他醫事人員及醫院的法律責任仍然有許多模糊地帶。專科護理師相關法規修法後,衛生局及醫療機構之因應準備仍有改善的空間。 本研究採用案例分析法依照案例事實、法院見解和爭點問題,討論一個發生在民國95年12月有關專科護理師與醫師的醫療爭議訴訟案件。本醫療糾紛個案是台灣專科護理師正式甄審後,發生的第一件專科護理師被起訴的醫療糾紛案件。 被告因業務過失致死案件,經檢察官提起公訴判決主文如下:主治醫師從事業務之人,因業務上之過失致人於死,處有期徒刑壹年,減為有期徒刑陸月,緩刑貳年。專科護理師從事業務之人,因業務上之過失致人於死,處有期徒刑陸月,減為有期徒刑參月,緩刑貳年。本案例經由臺灣臺北地方法院刑事判決98年度醫訴字第6號,臺灣高等法院刑事判決民國100年度醫上訴字第7號,目前檢察官上訴中。 台灣專科護理師法規未來修正的方向,需更進一步明訂專科護理師的執業範圍以符合法律明確性原則。醫師指示合法化,使醫療輔助行為之定義更明確。建立專科護理師專業能力標準與提升及評估專科護理師執業品質,加強專科護理師的訓練以及訂立專科護理師訓練醫院更完善的認證標準與訓練醫院評鑑制度。有關衛生福利部最近要制定的醫師助理法,其工作範圍與專科護理師有很多重疊之處,引進醫師助理可能造成的衝擊。制定合理的專科護理師的護病比,明定專科護理師是否可以值班?專科護理師是否可以採輪班,以符合勞基法一例一休的規定。我們仍然有很多可以改善的地方,希望有更明確的法律規範,讓合格的專科護理師加入醫療團隊的運作,提高專科護理師的專業能力藉以提升醫療服務品質。不要讓專科護理師面臨或甚至觸法的危險,最終有可能變成密醫,對於台灣的醫療會有很大的衝擊及影響。 / The participation of nurse practitioners in medical practice is a must in Taiwan now. Although amendment of law about the clinical practice for nurse practitioners was made, there are still some issues which should be further evaluated. The scope of medical practice for nurse practitioners includes invasive and non-invasive medical procedures, which were defined more clearly in the revised articles, but some ambiguous situations still persist. The juridical responsibility of doctors and nurse practitioners for medical disputes remains unclear. There is lots of space of improvement which bureau of Health and hospitals can do after the revision of related law for nurse practitioners. The method of this research is a case study including case facts, the decision of the court and the issue of disputes. This is a medical dispute regarding doctors and a nurse practitioner, which occurred in December, 2006.This is the first medical dispute happening in Taiwan after the establishment of official examination for nurse practitioners. The defendants were accused for guilty because of causing death of a patient due to professional negligence. The verdict of the superior criminal court in Taiwan in 2011 after public prosecution was as follows. The attending physician was sentenced for one year, reduced to six months and probated for 2 years because of causing death of a patient due to professional negligence. The nurse practitioner was sentenced for six months, reduced to three months and probated for 2 years because of causing death of a patient due to professional negligence. The future amendment for the law regarding nurse practitioners is as follows: first, to enact the specific scope of medical practice for nurse practitioners according to the law; second, to legalize the directions from doctors; third, to specify the definition of assisted medical practice performed by nurse practitioners; fourth, to establish the standard for evaluating the ability of nurse practitioners; fifth, to elevate and evaluate the quality of medical service from nurse practitioners; sixth, how to strengthen the training programs of nurse practitioners, to build the verification standard of hospitals which can train nurse practitioners and improve the system of accreditation; seventh, to create rational ratio of nurse practitioners to patients; eighth, to clarify whether nurse practitioners can be on duty and in shifts in the hospital according to the law. In addition, the impact for nurse practitioners by introducing physician assistant to medical service suggested by Bureau of Health is high because there is lots of overlap of medical practice between the two professionals. We hope that the participation of verified nurse practitioners under the regulation of specific law can improve the quality of medical service, otherwise, we are afraid that nurse practitioners may break the law, become fake doctors and be sentenced, which will cause great impact and bad influence of medical service in Taiwan.
3

銀髮族的智慧穿戴服務設計 / A Service Design of Smart Wearable Device for Seniors

葉致豪, Yeh, Chih Hao Unknown Date (has links)
本論文研究專注於研究穿戴科技對於銀髮族遠距照護服務創新的可能性,利用系統思維與設計思維的研究方法來進行服務設計。研究問題設定為”一個罹患慢性病並獨自在家生活的銀髮族,如何自主健康生活,並能讓家人感到安心呢” 。透過顧客驅動價值共創的服務設計模型,確認利害關係人,並實際訪談利害關係人後深入分析使用者潛在問題及需求,以不同視角來找出創新的洞見。依據此洞見來發展可行的方案,並展開成為完整的服務系統,再將此服務系統雛型具體化產出後進行風險分析。最終的研究結果以商業模式草圖來呈現完整的商業模式。 / The aim of this thesis is to study the possibility of the wearable technology and to create a service innovation toward the tele-health for elders. The research method of the service design is based on the design thinking and the system thinking.We set up a hypothetical situation as follows: A solitary elder who has chronic diseases knows to how to manage her/ his life well without making the family worry. Through the service design models from the co-creation of the customer empowerment, we affirm the stakeholder at the beginning and then interview her/ him to get to know more about the needs and some main details. The purpose is to look for the insight into the innovation in different aspects. Based on this insight, we start a feasible plan and develop the integrity of the service design. Next thing we externalize the service design prototype and provide the follow-up risk assessment.As the final result, we use business model canvas to bring out the coherence and the integrity to our business models.

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