2006年6月國際勞工組織(ILO)所公佈名為工作暴力(Violence at Work)的調查報告中指出，不論是在開發中或已開發國家中，職場暴力：包括霸凌 (bullying)、聚眾滋擾 (mobbing)及受到精神狀態不穩定的同事威脅、性騷擾和他殺等在全球出現增加的趨勢，因此職場暴力已被認為是職業危害之一，近幾年逐漸受到社會大眾的注意，現今已經是超越國界、超越各種職業，變成一種全球性的問題，各個先進國家針對職場暴力問題進行了各項調查以及研擬了因應的措施與政策，只求降低職場暴力所帶來的經濟損失和勞工傷亡。但是從我國的勞動政策來看，職場暴力尚未受到相關政府行政單位的重視，由於過去我國主要產業以製造業為主，製造業的職業危害來自於機械以及化學物質，因此職場暴力這一種較容易發生於服務業的職業危害，在實務上缺乏相關研究報告以及調查數據，近年來我國產業逐漸轉向服務業以及高科技產業，職場壓力和職業暴力的隱憂逐漸浮現出來，令人無法輕視以及疏忽。 本研究透過蒐集國際勞工組織、世界衛生組織等國際性機構，有關職場暴力之研究與數據，並且配合美國、英國、加拿大和澳洲等國家的資料進行比較研究，對於職場暴力的定義和類型等基本要素，做了詳細的介紹；另外更是針對職場暴力的事前預防、過程控制以及事後處理等多方面步驟，整理出主要的應變措施。最後針對我國職場暴力政策不足之處，提出了些許的建議，希望透過這些不同的數據以及文獻，能夠對我國職場安全以及勞工安全衛生有些微的助益，並且能讓我國政府開始重視職場暴力的影響，不要讓高職場暴力風險行業的勞工獨自承受暴力的威脅，終日生活在恐懼的陰影之下，讓我國勞工可以享受工作所帶來的充實感，而非冒著生命財產安全受到威脅進入職場。 / International Labour Organization published the report(Violence at Work) in June 2006 , in the report , it mentioned whether in developed and developing countries, workplace violence (include: bullying, mobbing, sexual harassment and threat from co-worker with mental illness) increases exponentially over the world. Workplace violence becomes an occupational hazard and receives attention from the community; the issue has already beyond borders and race. All advanced countries survey and draft measures and policy of workplace violence for reduce economic losses and labour casualties. But in our labour policy, workplace violence didn’t receive attention from government agencies. In the past, our country had developed manufacturing industry and noticed the occupational hazard of mechanical and chemical substances, so we don’t do more study and survey with workplace violence. In recent years, our country’s industry toward the service industry and high-tech industry, the worry of workplace stress and workplace violence has surfaced and we can’t despise or neglect it. This study collects the international agencies’ research and data about workplace violence, and takes the data of United States, United Kingdom, Canada and Australia etc. country to compare. To introduce the definition and type of workplace violence in detail, and summarize the emergency measures for preventing, controlling and redeeming to workplace violence. Finally, to provide the suggestion of the deficiencies in our country’s workplace violence policy. To hope can supply some help to our country’s occupational safety and health, and then the government can start paying attention to the effect from workplace violence. Don’t let the labour face the threat from workplace violence alone and life under the shadow, let them can enjoy the happy from working really.

本研究旨在探討新北市國中學生母親管教方式、知覺關係霸凌與憂鬱行為表現之關係。以立意取樣選取新北市之公立國民中學學生共501人進行問卷調查。調查結果採用描述性統計、t 檢定、單因子變異數、皮爾森積差相關、逐步多元迴歸等統計方法進行資料分析。主要研究結果如下： 一、新北市國中學生知覺受到關係霸凌的概況為中等偏低的程度。 二、新北市國中女學生知覺受到整體關係霸凌，顯著高於男學生。 三、新北市國中七年級學生知覺受到整體關係霸凌，顯著高於九年級學生。 四、不同家中排行的新北市國中學生知覺受到整體關係霸凌未達顯著差異。 五、學校規模「60班以上」的學生知覺受到整體關係霸凌，顯著高於「24班含以下」及「25至59班」的學生。 六、新北市國中學生母親採用「反應」或「要求」的管教方式，與其知覺受到整體關係霸凌間無顯著相關。 七、在不同背景變項下，新北市國中學生知覺受到整體關係霸凌與憂鬱行為表現，有顯著正相關。 八、新北市國中學生知覺受到「關係操弄」及「散播謠言」方式的關係霸凌、母親較少採用「反應」的管教方式，能有效預測其憂鬱行為表現，解釋總變異量為25.4％。 九、新北市國中學生知覺受到「關係操弄」方式的關係霸凌，為最重要預測其憂鬱行為表現的變項。 　　本研究根據上述結果加以討論，並分別針對學校單位、教育行政主管機關及未來研究提出建議，以供後續相關實務工作及研究之參考。 / The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between mother parenting style, relational bullying and depressive behavior among the junior high school students in new Taipei city.501 students selected from the junior high school of new Taipei city.The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Multiple Stepwise Regression. The main findings were as follows: 1.The student’s perception of relational bullying victimization is at lower-medium level. 2.The perception of relational bullying in female students is obviously higher than male students. 3.The perception of relational bullying in seventh-grade students is obviously higher than ninth-grade students. 4.The perception of relational bullying of students in different birth order has no significant difference. 5.The perception of relational bullying of students in the school over 60 classes is obviously higher than the students in the school less than 24 classes and in the school of 25 to 59 classes. 6.There is no significant difference between mother’s parenting style and the perception of relational bullying. 7.There is a positive relationship between the perception of relational bullying and the students depressive behavior. 8.The perception of the relation’s manipulation, spreading rumors and the Responses of mother’s parenting style shows the obvious predictors of student’s depressive behavior. The explaination of the total variance is approximately 25.4%. 9.The perception of relation’s manipulation of bullying are the most indicator of the student’s depressive behavior. 　 Follow by the discussions of the results, there is several suggestions for the schools, the educational administrative authorities, and further researchers.

霸凌事件頻繁出現在各大報章雜誌，霸凌受害者在霸凌事件中經常處於權力不均等的地位，無法主動求援。借鏡西方之成功反霸凌計畫，發現霸凌事件中旁觀者的反應對於揭露、制止霸凌有相當之重要性。本研究將霸凌旁觀者區分為保護者以及局外者，過往研究發現兩者雖同為霸凌事件之旁觀者，然其行為結果卻有截然不同的影響。保護者行為的出現，可使學生對校園安全感受提高並有助於降低霸凌發生率，局外者行為則否。本研究參考Latané 與 Darley（1970）提出之旁觀者決策歷程模式等助人行為理論，推論學生對霸凌的態度、個人責任感，以及同儕團體規範會影響旁觀者的行為傾向，期望透過本研究了解國中學生旁觀霸凌事件的反應傾向，以及影響旁觀者行為之個人及同儕因素。 本研究採取實證典範之調查研究方法，研究樣本包和高雄市都會區國民中學421位學生，並且採用描述性統計、T檢定、單因子變異數分析以及多元迴歸等研究方法，依據受試者在「旁觀者行為」量表、霸凌「態度」量表、「個人責任感」量表以及「同儕團體規範」量表之得分進行統計分析。研究發現如下： 一、高雄市都會區國中學生，具有中度之保護者行為以及局外者行為傾向。 二、女性相較於男性較傾向出現保護者行為，對霸凌持較高的反對態度，且對「朋友」具有較高之個人責任感。 三、學生對「同學」之「個人責任感」受到「年級」所影響，「七年級」學生對於同學之個人責任感高於「八、九年級」學生。 四、學生對於「同學」之「個人責任感」以及「同儕團體規範」可以預測「保護者行為傾向」以及「局外者行為傾向」。 最後，依據本研究的結果提出實務建議與未來研究方向。 / Bullying is frequently reported in major newspapers and magazines. Bullying victims are usually in a disadvantaged position making them unable to call for help on their own. Successful anti-bullying programs in the west have found that bystanders hold an important role in the disclosure or cessation of bullying incidents. This study classified bystanders into defenders and outsiders. Although both are bystanders, defenders could increase a sense of security on campus and reduce the incidence of bullying. Outsiders, on the other hand, could not achieve such effect. Using Latané & Darley, s decision-tree model of bystander intervention, this study hypothesized that personal attitude and responsibility and peer group norm toward bullying would affect bystander behavior in the incidence of bullying. This study aimed to understand the way Taiwanese junior high students responded to bullying and factors that might affect bystander behavior. Using survey research method, data were collected from 421 junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as samples using questionnaires, including bystander behavior scale, bullying attitude scale, personal responsibility scale, and peer group norms scale. Statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics、t-tests、one way ANOVAs, and multiple regressions, were used, and the results are reported in the following: 1.Junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area had above average scores in their behavioral tendency as defenders or outsiders in incidence of bullying. 2.Female tended to have more defender behavior than male did. Also, female tended to oppose bullying more strongly and showed more sense of personal responsibility if “a friend” was bullied. 3.“Seventh graders” showed stronger sense of personal responsibility than 8th and 9th graders. 4.The sense of personal responsibility if “a classmate” was bullied and peer group norm (peers tended to aid the victims) both predicted behavioral tendency as defenders and outsider. Implications and future directions were discussed.