對於中共黨軍關係的研究，學者們從不同的途徑，提出豐富的研究成果；但這些觀點對中共「以黨領軍」原則在共軍內部的實際運作情形，並未形成完整的個案研究。基於上述個案研究的需要，以及個人對共軍發展的興趣，希望能透過本研究理解做為中共「以黨領軍」的根本制度─「黨委制度」在共軍中的運作與影響，期在以往學界少部份已研究之相關議題與成果基礎上，提供相關理論的驗證與補強。 為便於形成研究重點，在時間選擇上，主要從江澤民一九八九年九月接掌中共政權迄二○○二年止，資料取材亦以此期間為主；而為避免論述的內容流於歷史陳述與報導，本文將採用「文件分析」的方法，試圖以各種現存的史料、官書、報紙、回憶錄等資料，來檢證對一件事物的看法或真相。 本文將首先探究共軍「黨委制度」的淵源與發展過程，以及「黨委制度」的組織結構、運作方式和功能；其次，從探討影響江澤民時期共軍「黨委制度」的因素，論述江澤民對共軍「黨委制度」的繼承與發揚；最後，依據研究的成果，分析「黨委制度」所面臨的難題，並評估對共軍未來發展的影響。 經過本文的研究發現，共軍的黨委領導制度，反映了共軍最本質的政治特徵，規定了共軍內部根本性的領導關係和黨在軍隊中的領導方式，在中共黨領導軍隊的一系列制度中起支配和決定作用。這種組織結構層面的領導體制，在中共建立政權前已基本完成制度化。建立政權後，不論是毛、鄧或江澤民當權，為了保證黨對軍隊的絕對領導，他們一再要求共軍充分發揮黨委的核心領導作用，並進一步健全和完善了這個制度。然而，隨著中共改革開放的深化與軍事現代化的推動，共軍未來的發展如果仍然堅持黨委的領導制度，將面臨嚴峻的考驗。 / Scholars have made great achievements with regard to the relationship between the party and the military of People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.). However, a thorough case study on the practice of ‘the party leading the military’ in P.R.C. has not been brought up. Based on the need for case studies and my personal interests in the development of P.R.C., We would like to display how the Party Committee System-the root of ‘the party leading the military’ works in P.R.C. and to verify and enhance the related theories on the basis of the related issues and researches by a minority of scholars. This report focuses on the period between September 1989, when Mr. Chiang Tsu-min began to lead P.R.C., and the end of 2002. Document Analysis is used to utilize existing historical records, official publications, newspapers, and memoirs for surveying the views or truth of a specific issue in order to avoid mere statement of the history. The report first begins with analyzing the origin and development of the Party Committee System, and the organization structure, operation, and functions of the system. Secondly, factors influencing the system during the period of Chiang will be discussed to expound Chiang’s succession to and enhancement of the system. In the end, difficulties confronted with the system and their effects on future development of P.R.C. military are evaluated according to the conclusions of the study. The research concludes that the Party Committee System reflects the essentials of political characters of P.R.C. military. It formulates the basic leadership and the style of leadership of the party in the military. In other words, this system dominates and decides the system of ‘the party leading the military’. The leading system with this organizational structure had basically been systemized before P.R.C. government that was established. After that, Mao, Dun, and Chiang, when in control, all required the Party Committee System fully function in leading the P.R.C. military in order to ensure the party’s absolute leadership over the military and to facilitate and perfect this system. Nevertheless, the P.R.C. military will need to be face stern challenge if it sticks to the leading system regardless of the deepening of reforms and military modernization in P.R.C.