O setor de Celulose e Papel é um importante segmento da economia brasileira e contribui significativamente para a pauta de exportações do país. O Brasil se destaca no mercado mundial como o principal produtor de polpa celulósica de fibra curta branqueada, especificamente produzida a partir de madeiras do gênero Eucalyptus. Na última década observou-se um novo ciclo de crescimento dessa indústria no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos definir a situação atual do Brasil no mercado mundial de polpa celulósica, avaliar a competitividade brasileira do segmento de celulose de mercado no período de 2000 a 2009, analisar as empresas brasileiras mais expressivas e avaliar aspectos relativos à inovação neste segmento. Para a realização deste trabalho foram utilizadas as bases de dados da FAO, SECEX, BRACELPA e RISI; foram calculados índices de competitividade visando a análise comparativa entre os principais países ligados ao segmento de celulose de mercado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de polpa proveniente de madeira (wood pulp), é líder em exportação de wood pulp, é o maior produtor mundial de celulose de fibra curta branqueada e é o segundo país mais competitivo; a implantação dos projetos de expansão da produção de polpa celulósica conforme previsto, poderá levar o Brasil ao segundo lugar no ranking mundial dos produtores de celulose; a demanda mundial de polpa branqueada de fibra curta de mercado cresceu no período analisado, em grande parte pela demanda da China, que atualmente ocupa a oitava posição no ranking de produtores de polpa celulósica de madeira wood pulp; destaca-se que a China é um grande produtor mundial de polpa celulósica obtida a partir de não madeiras (non-wood pulp); as maiores empresas brasileiras de celulose de mercado (Fibria Celulose S.A. e Suzano Papel e Celulose S.A.) representam 56,2% da produção brasileira de celulose (market share) e 12,4% da produção mundial de polpa de mercado (market pulp); as duas empresas analisadas neste trabalho apresentam parques industriais modernos e as inovações são na sua grande maioria incrementais; os dados da PINTEC para o segmento de polpa celulósica e outras pastas, da forma disponibilizada, não caracterizam adequadamente este segmento, pois não ponderam os resultados pela participação das empresas no mercado. / The pulp and paper sector is an important segment of the Brazilian economy and contributes significantly to the overall exports of the country. Brazil stands on the world market as the main producer of bleached hardwood pulp, specially produced from wood of Eucalyptus. In the last decade there was a new cycle of growth of this industry in Brazil. This work had as main objective to define the current situation of Brazil in the global pulp market, to evaluate the competitiveness of the Brazilian market pulp segment in the period between 2000 and 2009, Brazilian companies were analyzed and evaluated the most significant aspects of innovation in this segment. For this work were used the databases of the FAO, SECEX BRACELPA and RISI; competitiveness indexes were calculated with the aim of benchmarking the major countries linked to the segment of market pulp. The results show that Brazil is the third largest producer of pulp from wood pulp, is a leader in exports of wood pulp, is the largest producer of bleached hardwood pulp and is the second most competitive country; the implementation of projects to expand pulp production as planned, could lead Brazil to second place in the world of pulp producers, the global demand for market bleached hardwood pulp has grown over this period, largely by demand from China, which currently occupies the eighth position in the ranking of wood pulp producers; it should be emphasized that China is the major global producer of non-wood pulp; the largest Brazilian market pulp companies (Fibria Celulose S.A. and Suzano Papel e Celulose S.A.) have a market share of 56.2% of Brazilian pulp production and 12.4% of the world market pulp production; the two companies analyzed in this study have modern industrial areas and the innovations are mostly incremental. PINTEC data for the pulp segment, as presented, does not adequately characterize this segment because they do not weight the results for the contribution of the companies in the market.

O setor de Celulose e Papel é um importante segmento da economia brasileira e contribui significativamente para a pauta de exportações do país. O Brasil se destaca no mercado mundial como o principal produtor de polpa celulósica de fibra curta branqueada, especificamente produzida a partir de madeiras do gênero Eucalyptus. Na última década observou-se um novo ciclo de crescimento dessa indústria no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos definir a situação atual do Brasil no mercado mundial de polpa celulósica, avaliar a competitividade brasileira do segmento de celulose de mercado no período de 2000 a 2009, analisar as empresas brasileiras mais expressivas e avaliar aspectos relativos à inovação neste segmento. Para a realização deste trabalho foram utilizadas as bases de dados da FAO, SECEX, BRACELPA e RISI; foram calculados índices de competitividade visando a análise comparativa entre os principais países ligados ao segmento de celulose de mercado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor mundial de polpa proveniente de madeira (wood pulp), é líder em exportação de wood pulp, é o maior produtor mundial de celulose de fibra curta branqueada e é o segundo país mais competitivo; a implantação dos projetos de expansão da produção de polpa celulósica conforme previsto, poderá levar o Brasil ao segundo lugar no ranking mundial dos produtores de celulose; a demanda mundial de polpa branqueada de fibra curta de mercado cresceu no período analisado, em grande parte pela demanda da China, que atualmente ocupa a oitava posição no ranking de produtores de polpa celulósica de madeira wood pulp; destaca-se que a China é um grande produtor mundial de polpa celulósica obtida a partir de não madeiras (non-wood pulp); as maiores empresas brasileiras de celulose de mercado (Fibria Celulose S.A. e Suzano Papel e Celulose S.A.) representam 56,2% da produção brasileira de celulose (market share) e 12,4% da produção mundial de polpa de mercado (market pulp); as duas empresas analisadas neste trabalho apresentam parques industriais modernos e as inovações são na sua grande maioria incrementais; os dados da PINTEC para o segmento de polpa celulósica e outras pastas, da forma disponibilizada, não caracterizam adequadamente este segmento, pois não ponderam os resultados pela participação das empresas no mercado. / The pulp and paper sector is an important segment of the Brazilian economy and contributes significantly to the overall exports of the country. Brazil stands on the world market as the main producer of bleached hardwood pulp, specially produced from wood of Eucalyptus. In the last decade there was a new cycle of growth of this industry in Brazil. This work had as main objective to define the current situation of Brazil in the global pulp market, to evaluate the competitiveness of the Brazilian market pulp segment in the period between 2000 and 2009, Brazilian companies were analyzed and evaluated the most significant aspects of innovation in this segment. For this work were used the databases of the FAO, SECEX BRACELPA and RISI; competitiveness indexes were calculated with the aim of benchmarking the major countries linked to the segment of market pulp. The results show that Brazil is the third largest producer of pulp from wood pulp, is a leader in exports of wood pulp, is the largest producer of bleached hardwood pulp and is the second most competitive country; the implementation of projects to expand pulp production as planned, could lead Brazil to second place in the world of pulp producers, the global demand for market bleached hardwood pulp has grown over this period, largely by demand from China, which currently occupies the eighth position in the ranking of wood pulp producers; it should be emphasized that China is the major global producer of non-wood pulp; the largest Brazilian market pulp companies (Fibria Celulose S.A. and Suzano Papel e Celulose S.A.) have a market share of 56.2% of Brazilian pulp production and 12.4% of the world market pulp production; the two companies analyzed in this study have modern industrial areas and the innovations are mostly incremental. PINTEC data for the pulp segment, as presented, does not adequately characterize this segment because they do not weight the results for the contribution of the companies in the market.

Chemical components in wood contain multiple anionic groups, including carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups. During kraft cooking and bleaching, such structures are also formed, degraded or modified by the action of reactions both deliberate and unwanted. It has previously been found by Laine that anionic groups with pKa values of 3.3 and 5.5 can explain the observed anionic charge on chemical fibres, corresponding to carboxylic acids on hemicelluloses as well as oxidized lignin structures, respectively. It has further been found that most of the fibre charge can be accounted for through the contribution from methylglucuronic acids as well as hexenuronic acids. This study aimed to provide additional information regarding the charge component unaffiliated with either of the aforementioned uronic acids by studying kraft pulps procured from an industrial kraft mill corresponding to unit operations through a fibreline using the ODHot(EOP)D1D2 bleaching sequence. Each sample had its total charge determined by means of conductometric titration, its content of methylglucuronic acid determined by means of methanolysis followed by GC, and its content of hexenuronic acids determined by means of the HUT-method for the determination of hexenuronic acids, followed by either UV absorbance measurements or calculations based on the reduction in kappa number during the selective acid hydrolysis. The lignin content was determined by means of kappa number analysis as well as by calculations based on the kappa number after selective acid hydrolysis, which was assumed to be characteristic of the kappa number addition from the lignin content of the samples. The hexenuronic acid content was successfully determined according to the HUT-method. A difference in content was observed when results for the unbleached and oxygen delignified samples that was obtained from UV measurements were compared with the observed difference in kappa number prior and after selective acid hydrolysis for said samples. In both cases, the results based on the difference in kappa number was higher. No correlation between remaining charge and lignin content could be made. It was instead observed that individual bleaching steps had binary effects on each of the analysed components of the fibre charge. A significant increase in charge unaffiliated with methylglucuronic acid or hexenuronic acid was observed during the EOP step, indicating an oxidation of chemical structures in the pulp: this effect could not be correlated to lignin content. / Kemisk massa kan ses som ett kompositmaterial bestående av cellulosa, hemicellulosa och lignin. Dessa beståndsdelar, liksom separata lågmolekylära föreningar, innehåller anjoniska kemiska grupper som bidrar till att ge träfibrer en anjonisk laddning. Ytterligare sådana grupper kan bildas under reaktioner vid kokning och blekning, tillika kan sådana grupper modifieras eller brytas ner. Laine har tidigare visat att fiberladdningen kan förklaras genom två skilda kategorier av kemiska grupper med pKa värden på 3,3 samt 5,5, vilka kan kopplas till karboxylsyragrupper på hemicellulosor respektive till lignin. Man har därtill funnit att stora delar av fiberladdningen kan förklaras genom tillskott från de två uronsyrorna metylglukuronsyra och hexenuronsyra. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka det laddningstillskott som inte kan länkas till någon av dessa två uronsyror. Detta har gjorts genom att studera kemiska massor från industrin, tagna från de olika stegen i en bleksekvens av typen ODHot(EOP)D1D2. Massornas totalladdning mättes medelst konduktometrisk titrering, emedan metylglukuronsyrahalten mättes via methanolysis följt av GC och hexenuronsyrahalten mättes via selektiv syrahydrolys per HUT-metoden följt av UV-karakterisering respektive beräkningar baserade på differensen i kappa tal före och efter sagda hydrolys. Ligninhalten i samtliga prov mättes via kappatalsmätningar samt genom beräkningar baserade på kappatalet efter selektiv syrahydrolys, vilket anses vara kappatalsbidraget från ligninföreningarna. Hexenuronsyrahalterna uppmätta medelst UV-karakterisering respektive kappatalsdifferens jämfördes mot varandra och fanns ge olika resultat för de oblekta och syrgasdelignifierade massorna. I bägge fallen gav mätningen baserade på kappatalsdifferens högre utslag. Ingen korrelation mellan kvarvarande laddning - totalladdning minus tillskottet från uronsyrorna - och ligninhalt kunde observeras. Istället observerades binära effekter för varje uppmätt komponent under vardera blekningssteg. Under EOP-steget observerades ett tillskott till den kvarvarande laddningen, vilket skulle kunna förklaras genom oxidation av trästrukturer. Dock kan ej heller detta relateras till ligninhalten i proverna.