Orientador: Leandro Silva Medrano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T09:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nagle_CassiaBartsch_M.pdf: 114125407 bytes, checksum: 4d7ad9795401543bffdda21ccdc1ede9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Recentemente o processo de urbanização das cidades brasileiras tem seguido um modelo de expansão horizontal, com a construção de novos bairros afastados dos centros urbanos, e com moradias em áreas periféricas. Dentre os problemas decorrentes, destacam-se a ocupação de áreas cada vez maiores, os problemas ambientais, a ocupação de áreas de proteção e de áreas de risco, os problemas sociais, a gentrificação, a especulação imobiliária, o distanciamento de locais de trabalho, a falta de infraestrutura adequada, além de problemas com assentamentos precários e habitações de baixa qualidade. Em resposta, arquitetos e urbanistas apontam, há algumas décadas, a necessidade de "retorno ao centro", sendo atribuída à habitação, dentre outras soluções, potencialidade de melhoria das áreas centrais, adensadas e consolidadas. Ainda que haja variadas pesquisas sobre o assunto, na atualidade, ainda existem lacunas na bibliografia, principalmente no que diz respeito à análise crítica das práticas recentes e à formulação de novas teorias. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as possibilidades metodológicas, teóricas e projetuais, na arquitetura e urbanismo contemporâneos, para projetos de habitação de interesse social em centros urbanos consolidados. Para tanto, foram analisados projetos recentes de habitação de interesse social na área central da cidade de São Paulo, reunindo e organizando documentos sobre o tema da habitação social no Brasil, a fim de se contribuir com o processo de elaboração de novos projetos dos programas habitacionais e de suprir a lacuna existente na bibliografia. Complementarmente, realizou-se a análise e a comparação da base teórica, técnica e metodológica de tais projetos com outros, de natureza semelhante, apresentados em áreas centrais de Madri no começo do século XXI. Os estudos de caso revelam boas soluções de projetos preocupados com o contexto urbano e a qualidade dos resultados. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa pretende contribuir com a discussão sobre a produção habitacional no país, em contraste com a realidade na Espanha / Abstract: The process of urbanization of Brazilian cities has recently followed a horizontal expansion model, with the construction of new districts far from urban centers, and with housing construction on the outskirts of the cities. Among the problems originating from this, one should emphasize the occupation of increasingly larger areas, the environmental problems, the occupation of protected areas and risk areas, the social problems, the gentrification, the land speculation, the distancing from workplaces, the lack of adequate infrastructure and the problems with slums or substandard housing and poor quality housing. In response, architects and city planners have been pointing out for decades the necessity of "returning to the center", assigning to housing, among other solutions, the potentiality for improvement of dense and consolidated central areas. Despite extensive research on the topic, at present, there still are lacunas in the bibliography, mainly regarding the critical analysis on recent practices and on the formulation of new theories. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the methodological, theoretical and project possibilities in contemporary architecture and city planning for social housing projects in consolidated urban centers. With this purpose, projects of social housing in the central area of the city of São Paulo were analyzed, and documents about the topic of social housing in Brazil were collected and organized. All this was done in an effort to contribute to the process of elaboration of new projects for housing programs and to contribute towards filling the lacuna that exists in the bibliography. In addition, these Brazilian projects were contrasted to Spanish projects of a similar nature, elaborated in central areas of Madrid, in the beginning of the 21st century; the analysis and comparison of the theoretical, technical and methodological basis of both sets of projects were made. The case studies reveal good project solutions concerned with the urban context and the quality of the results. In this manner, this research aims at contributing to the discussion on housing production in the country, in contrast to the reality in Spain / Mestrado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Mestra em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-04T14:47:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 8618588 bytes, checksum: 0cef90f35f41df85fe3794a8432a3bfa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T14:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivototal.pdf: 8618588 bytes, checksum: 0cef90f35f41df85fe3794a8432a3bfa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Currently in Brazil, it can be see that the housing availability is not keeping up with population growth, and at that point, João Pessoa (Paraíba state, Brazil) is no different. As a solution to reduce the cost for housing and increase the number of buildings, their quality was sacrifice, by reducing the interior space, causing a distortion of the concept of minimal home, which gave users a major dissatisfaction factors: the lack of space, especially when it comes to social housing. In the search for solutions to this problem, spatial flexibility and adaptability comes as a way to provide the user a better quality of domestic space, more dynamic, so that housing can evolve and adapt to a diverse number of situations. Several development projects encouraging initiatives following this line of thought emerged around the world, among them the Solar Decathlon Europe, an international university competition that challenges collegiate teams to design, build and operate efficient prototype homes, with minimum dimensions and present strategies that overcome the space limitations. Therefore, this research aims the analysis of the application of flexibility and adaptability in architecture and highlight some guidelines of these aspects that can improve the interior’s quality of social housing, from Solar Decathlon Europe’s examples. For that presented a practical example of application in a housing typology of social interest in Joao Pessoa: the Gervásio Maia housing complex, built through a partnership between the Municipality of João Pessoa and the Federal Government, recognized in 2008 as a of the top ten housing projects in Brazil, but indicated as a bad example of architectural design reference for housing units in 2009. In this applied research, the methodological process adopted sought to conduct a thematic analysis of the collected material, in order to establish a relation between the collected data and what was intend to learn from the analysis. As expected result, it is believe to be leave a collaboration in the search for improvement of existing architectural problems in Social Interest Housing in Paraíba, using projective strategies more flexible and adaptable in particular to buildings already built. / Atualmente no Brasil, pode-se observar que a disponibilidade habitacional não vem acompanhando seu crescimento populacional, e nesse ponto João Pessoa (estado de Paraíba, Brasil) não é diferente. Como solução à redução de custo habitacionais para o aumento da quantidade de construções, sacrificou-se a qualidade das mesmas, diminuindo o dimensionamento de ambientes internos, causando uma deturpação do conceito de casa mínima, o que deu origem a um dos principais fatores de insatisfação dos usuários: a falta de espaço, principalmente quando se trata de Habitações de Interesse Social. Na busca de soluções para esse problema, a flexibilidade espacial e a adaptabilidade surgem como uma forma de fornecer ao usuário uma melhor qualidade de espaço doméstico, com maior dinamismo, de forma que a habitação possa evoluir e adaptar-se a um número diversificado de situações. Várias iniciativas de incentivo ao desenvolvimento de projetos seguindo essa linha de pensamento surgiram ao redor do mundo, dentre elas o Solar Decathlon Europe, uma competição universitária internacional que desafia equipes colegiais a projetar, construir e operar protótipos de casas eficientes, com dimensões mínimas e que apresentem estratégias que superem a limitação de espaço. Portanto, esta pesquisa surge com o objetivo de analisar a questão da aplicação da Flexibilidade e da Adaptabilidade na Arquitetura e, assim, apontar diretrizes de uso desses aspectos na melhoria da qualidade de interiores em habitações de interesse social, a partir dos processos projetuais do Solar Decathlon Europe. Para tanto apresentou-se um exemplo prático de aplicação em uma tipologia habitacional de interesse social de João Pessoa: o Conjunto Habitacional Gervásio Maia, construído por meio de uma parceria entre a Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa e o Governo Federal, reconhecido em 2008 como um dos dez melhores projetos habitacionais do Brasil, mas indicado como referência de mau exemplo de projeto arquitetônico para unidades habitacionais em 2009. Por tratar-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, o processo metodológico adotado procurou realizar uma análise temática do material coletado, a fim de se estabelecerem relações entre os dados e aquilo que se pretendia obter com a análise realizada, dividindo-se em 07 etapas principais: sistematização da pesquisa, seleção de dados, análise dos problemas da tipologia em estudo, definição de diretrizes, cadastro de projetos, análise de dados e apreciação acerca dos resultados. Como resultado esperado, acredita-se que seja deixada uma colaboração na busca por melhoria dos problemas arquitetônicos existentes em Habitações de Interesse Social na Paraíba, por meio do uso de estratégias projetuais mais flexíveis e adaptáveis, em especial, aos edifícios já construídos.

Wie sieht gute und alltagstaugliche Wohnarchitektur aus Sicht der Bewohner aus? 1.600 Mieterhaushalte in städtischen Wohnungen von acht deutschen Städten und eine kleine Kontrollgruppe von Eigentümern wurden in Face-To-Face-Interviews befragt. Ein Standardfragebogen wurde mit Computergraphiken und Animationen kombiniert. Der Blick gilt nicht der Gebäudehülle, sondern dem Inneren, dem Raumkonzept, der inneren Erschließung und der Freiraumzuordnung. Die Ergebnisse sind ein Leitfaden zum bedarfsgerechten Neu- und Umbau von städtischen Wohnungen für Bauherren und Planer. Die Architekturnutzer, überwiegend städtische Mieter, erhalten eine Stimme im Qualitätsdialog. Dem interessierten Laien wird eine Übersicht über vorhandene und mögliche Typologien des städtischen Wohnens vorgelegt. In den raumsoziologischen Diskurs wird ein Beleg dafür eingebracht, dass das Gebaute die Wohnweise und die Vorstellungswelt über richtiges Wohnen prägt. Die Studie ist ein Brückenschlag zwischen wohnsoziologischer Grundlagen- und anwendungsorientierter Marktforschung. Der Wunsch nach intelligenten Verbindungen von besonntem privaten Außenraum und Wohnung durchzieht die Ergebnisse wie ein grüner Faden. Es ist aus Sicht der Nutzer das Qualitätskriterium Nummer Eins und eine Kritik an vielen Defiziten städtischen Wohnens. Dem Planer zeigt es die Prioritäten eines bedarfsgerechten Neu- und Umbaus von städtischen Wohnungen auf. Das Gewohnte prägt das Gewünschte. Bewohnergruppen mit vergleichbaren soziodemographischen Merkmalen urteilen in Berlin anders als in Dresden oder Bochum. Der vorhandene Wohnungsbestand ist nicht nur das Ergebnis einer historisch spezifischen Wohnweise, sondern zugleich Prägestock und Begrenzung für das gelebte und das gewünschte Wohnen. / What has good housing architecture to be like, when the occupants are questioned.This leading question guidelines a survey among 1,600 tenants-households in eight German cities. Mainly designed as a post occupancy-evaluation the study contributes guidelines for a more userfriendly planning in urban housing construction and renovation. The survey was carried out by face-to-face interviews assisted by a standardized questionnaire, computer graphics and animation. It focuses on the inside, on floorplans, the idea of the floor plan, interior access and the combination of the interior and the private space outdoors. Space- sociology benefits from the results, as they prove, that the way of construction determines housing habits and housing needs. By means of a catalogue showing several common types of floor plans the occupants were consulted and got basic informations in order to distinguish, to evaluate and to choose among existing types of apartments. This work builds a bridge between basic resarch in housing sociology and user oriented market surveys. Unlike most studies on housing needs and demands, this survey does not operate by the fiction of a transparent line of products at housing markets and freedom of choice. Both, the design of the questionnaire and the shown types of floor-plans take the restrictions of the urban housing market into consideration as well as they mark the boundary of lower income demand and a limited knowledge about housing architecture. Many results underline the importance of intelligent links between interior and private space outdoors. Like a “green thread” running through the evaluation it’s a lesson about Number One quality issue from the view of users. We want, what we are used to. The existing housing stock engraves and restricts both, the historical residential manner and housing needs.

This thesis explores the ongoing regeneration of Raploch council housing estate, in Stirling, focusing on the lived experiences of the established residents who reside in the pre-regeneration council housing estate, or had family or historical links with the area, as well as new residents, who have moved into the new owner occupied houses that were built in the regeneration. Key informants who have worked in a professional capacity in the area were also consulted to broaden the perspective. The regeneration was a response to a long history of deprivation, segregation and stigmatisation, which led to the demolition of council housing on one side of a main road within the area. The demolition site was redeveloped by a partnership of private developers and a social housing provider. As a consequence of the regeneration there were various physical and social changes in the area, caused by the construction of new homes, as well as other changes to the built environment, and the influx of owner occupiers into the new housing. A visual research method, 'auto-driven photo elicitation', was utilised, which allowed an insight into these changes from a unique perspective. Participants made photos of the area, of places they wanted to discuss, which became the starting point of a subsequent interview process; allowing participants to focus on issues relevant to them. The findings showed that the participants attached a great importance to the history of this specific place, but also that there was segregation between the new residents and the established community. Further fragmentations, religious and historic territorial divisions, within the communities were visually reinforced by the regeneration process. The participants also attached great significance to the linguistic and semiotic landscape, which they interpreted in the context of this place.