by Fu Siu Ngor. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-124). / abstract --- p.I / acknowledgments --- p.III / contents --- p.V / list of figures --- p.VII / list of tables --- p.VIII / Chapter chapter 1: --- introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Dance and jump --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research hypothesis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Definition of terms --- p.7 / Chapter chapter 2 : --- dance injuries / Chapter 2.1 --- Epidemiology of dance injuries --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- Etiology of dance injuries --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Implication to this study --- p.30 / Chapter chapter 3 : --- biomechanical studies on landing from vertical jumps / Chapter 3.1 --- Biomechanics on landing from vertical jumps --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Biomechanical studies on ballet jumps --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3 --- Kinetics and kinematics studies on jumping sports --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Implication to this study --- p.57 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 : --- MATERIAL AND METHOD / Chapter 4.1 --- Study design --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2 --- Subject and sampling method --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3 --- Instrumentation --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4 --- Method --- p.70 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 : --- RESULTS / Chapter 5.1 --- Demographic characteristics --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- "kinetic and kinematics changes on landing with ""pull-up""" --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3 --- "kinetics and kinematics changes on landing with and without ""pull-up""" --- p.92 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 : --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 6.1 --- Kinetic changes --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2 --- Kinematics changes --- p.102 / Chapter 6.3 --- Correlation between kinetics and kinematics --- p.105 / Chapter 6.4 --- "Effects of'pull-up""" --- p.107 / Chapter 6.5 --- Limitation of the study --- p.108 / Chapter 6.6 --- Suggestion for future studies --- p.110 / Chapter 6.7 --- Implication of this study --- p.112 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 : --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.115 / REFERENCES --- p.117-124 / APPENDIX 1 : Demographic characteristics --- p.i / APPENDIX 2 : Kinetic data --- p.v / APPENDIX 3 : Kinematics data --- p.x / APPENDIX 4 : Summary of kinetic and kinematics results --- p.xiv / APPENDIX 5 : Statistical results --- p.xv

by Lanyi Xu. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [175]-186). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Orientador: Eduardo Piza Pellizzer / Coorientador: Fellippo Ramos Verri / Resumo: Proposição: O propósito do estudo foi estudar o comportamento biomecânico de próteses de três elementos implantossuportadas diante das seguintes variáveis: união (coroas unitárias e esplintadas: em linha reta e em posicionamento tripoidal), comprimento e diâmetro do implante, além da redução do número de implantes (pôntico central), utilizando a metodologia de elementos finitos 3D. Material e Método: Vinte e seis modelos tridimensionais foram simulados com o auxílio dos programas InVesalius, Rhinoceros 4.0 e Solidworks 2016. Cada modelo representou uma seção de osso da região posterior maxilar, na forma de um bloco de osso tipo IV (cortical e esponjoso), com a presença de prótese de três elementos suportada por dois ou três implantes, do tipo hexágono externo, em diferentes situações clínicas, variando os fatores união (coroas unitárias e esplintadas: em linha reta e em posicionamento tripoidal), comprimento, diâmetro e número de implantes. Os desenhos tridimensionais foram exportados ao programa de pré- e pós- processamento FEMAP 11.1.2 para a geração da malha e aplicação de carga de 400N axial e 200N oblíqua (45°). Após a resolução do problema matemático por meio do programa de elementos finitos Nei Nastran 11.1, os resultados foram visualizados através de mapas de Tensão Máxima Principal (MPa) e Microdeformação (µε) para tecido ósseo cortical e mapas de Tensão von Mises (MPa) para parafuso de fixação. Resultados: De um modo geral, modelos com coroas esplintadas associadas ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical behavior of three-unit fixed prosthesis varying the union (single crowns and splinted crowns: straight-line and offset implant configurations), length, diameter, and the number of implant (supported by two or three implants) by 3D finite element analysis. Material and Methods: Twenty-six 3-D models were simulated with the software's In Vesalius, Rhinoceros 4.0, SolidWorks 2010 and. Each model represented a posterior maxillary bone section simulating type IV bone (cortical and spongy), with presence of 3-units fixed prosthesis supported by two or three dental implants, external hexagonal connection, in different clinical situations, varying the factors union (single crowns and splinted crowns: straight-line and offset implant configurations), length and diameter. The 3D models were exported to the software FEMAP 11.1.2 for pre- and post- processing and mesh generation besides load definition (400N vertical and 200N oblique,45°). After, the models were solved by NeiNastran 11.1 finite element software and the results were visualized by maximum principal stress (MPa) and microstrain (µε) maps to cortical bone tissue and von Mises stress (MPa) map to fixation screws. Results: Overall, the models with splinted crowns associated with offset implant placement showed the best biomechanical behavior. The reduction in the number of implants generated a biomechanical behavior. The increase of the implant diameter in the m... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:48:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000831387_20200101.pdf: 91654 bytes, checksum: 9d628a0f5bfa069738c42a4dfe58e2e1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Proposição: O propósito deste estudo foi analisar a distribuição de tensão/deformação no tecido ósseo e na distribuição de tensão nos componentes protéticos, implantes e parafusos de fixação, geradas pelas forças oclusais sobre próteses de três elementos implantossuportadas unitárias e esplintadas variando-se a localização dos implantes (alinhados e em distribuição tripoidal), o uso de pôntico central e de pôntico em cantilever mesial e distal, por meio do método dos elementos finitos tridimensionais. Material e Método: Seis modelos tridimensionais (3D) foram constituídos de um bloco ósseo maxilar referente à região do primeiro pré-molar ao primeiro molar direito, apresentando dois ou três implantes do tipo hexágono externo (HE) de 4,0 x 10 mm, suportando prótese de três elementos metalo-cerâmica parafusada, com as seguintes variações: M1 - três implantes alinhados com coroas unitárias; M2 - três implantes alinhados com coroas esplintadas; M3 - três implantes em posicionamento tripoidal; M4 - dois implantes com pôntico central; M5 - dois implantes com pôntico em cantilever mesial; M6 - dois implantes com pôntico em cantilever distal. A força aplicada foi de 400N em direção axial, com 50N em cada ponta de cúspide, e 200N oblíqua, com 50N, aplicados em 45º, em cada ponta da cúspide vestibular. Mapas de von Mises foram utilizados para avaliar componentes protéticos, implantes e parafusos de fixação. Os mapas de Tensão Máxima Principal e microdeformação foram utilizados como critério para análise do tecido ósseo. Resultados: A esplintagem (modelos M2 e M3) foi capaz de reduzir os valores de tensão de von Mises nos parafusos de fixação, principalmente para o modelo M3. A redução do número de implantes (M4, M5, M6) ocasionou... / Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the stress/strain distribution on bone tissue and stress distribution in the abutments, implants and fixation screws, generated by occlusal force under three-unit fixed prostheses supported by two or three implants in the posterior maxilla, varying the location of the implants (straight-line and offset), using of bridge, and mesial and distal cantilever extension by 3D finite element methods. Material and Methods: Six 3-dimensional models were developed. Each model simulated a bone block (type IV) of posterior maxillary segment, with two or three external hexagon (HE) of 4.0 x 10 mm, supporting three-unit fixed prostheses, which: M1 - straight-line implants supporting single crowns; M2 - straight-line supporting three-unit splinted prosthesis; M3 - offset implant supporting three-unit splinted prosthesis; M4 - three-unit splinted prosthesis central bridge; M5 - three-unit splinted prosthesis mesial cantilever extension; M6 - three-unit splinted prosthesis distal cantilever extension. The applied forces were 400N axial and 200N oblique. The stress in the abutments, implants and fixation screws was plotted by von Mises' criteria. The stress and strain on cortical bone was plotted by maximum principal stress and microstrain criteria, respectively. Results: The splinting (M2 and M3) decreased the stress values in the fixation screws, mainly for M3. The decrease of implant number (M4, M5, M6) caused an unfavorable biomechanical behavior for analyzed structures. In situations of rehabilitations with two implants, the use of bridge (M4) showed stress and strain distribution more favorable for analyzed structures. Conclusion: The splitting was effective on stress decreasing... / FAPESP: 12/24893-1

Orientador: Eduardo Piza Pellizzer / Coorientador: Fellippo Ramos Verri / Banca: Joel Ferreira Santiago Junior / Banca: Humberto Gennari Filho / Resumo: Proposição: O propósito deste estudo foi analisar a distribuição de tensão/deformação no tecido ósseo e na distribuição de tensão nos componentes protéticos, implantes e parafusos de fixação, geradas pelas forças oclusais sobre próteses de três elementos implantossuportadas unitárias e esplintadas variando-se a localização dos implantes (alinhados e em distribuição tripoidal), o uso de pôntico central e de pôntico em cantilever mesial e distal, por meio do método dos elementos finitos tridimensionais. Material e Método: Seis modelos tridimensionais (3D) foram constituídos de um bloco ósseo maxilar referente à região do primeiro pré-molar ao primeiro molar direito, apresentando dois ou três implantes do tipo hexágono externo (HE) de 4,0 x 10 mm, suportando prótese de três elementos metalo-cerâmica parafusada, com as seguintes variações: M1 - três implantes alinhados com coroas unitárias; M2 - três implantes alinhados com coroas esplintadas; M3 - três implantes em posicionamento tripoidal; M4 - dois implantes com pôntico central; M5 - dois implantes com pôntico em cantilever mesial; M6 - dois implantes com pôntico em cantilever distal. A força aplicada foi de 400N em direção axial, com 50N em cada ponta de cúspide, e 200N oblíqua, com 50N, aplicados em 45º, em cada ponta da cúspide vestibular. Mapas de von Mises foram utilizados para avaliar componentes protéticos, implantes e parafusos de fixação. Os mapas de Tensão Máxima Principal e microdeformação foram utilizados como critério para análise do tecido ósseo. Resultados: A esplintagem (modelos M2 e M3) foi capaz de reduzir os valores de tensão de von Mises nos parafusos de fixação, principalmente para o modelo M3. A redução do número de implantes (M4, M5, M6) ocasionou... / Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the stress/strain distribution on bone tissue and stress distribution in the abutments, implants and fixation screws, generated by occlusal force under three-unit fixed prostheses supported by two or three implants in the posterior maxilla, varying the location of the implants (straight-line and offset), using of bridge, and mesial and distal cantilever extension by 3D finite element methods. Material and Methods: Six 3-dimensional models were developed. Each model simulated a bone block (type IV) of posterior maxillary segment, with two or three external hexagon (HE) of 4.0 x 10 mm, supporting three-unit fixed prostheses, which: M1 - straight-line implants supporting single crowns; M2 - straight-line supporting three-unit splinted prosthesis; M3 - offset implant supporting three-unit splinted prosthesis; M4 - three-unit splinted prosthesis central bridge; M5 - three-unit splinted prosthesis mesial cantilever extension; M6 - three-unit splinted prosthesis distal cantilever extension. The applied forces were 400N axial and 200N oblique. The stress in the abutments, implants and fixation screws was plotted by von Mises' criteria. The stress and strain on cortical bone was plotted by maximum principal stress and microstrain criteria, respectively. Results: The splinting (M2 and M3) decreased the stress values in the fixation screws, mainly for M3. The decrease of implant number (M4, M5, M6) caused an unfavorable biomechanical behavior for analyzed structures. In situations of rehabilitations with two implants, the use of bridge (M4) showed stress and strain distribution more favorable for analyzed structures. Conclusion: The splitting was effective on stress decreasing... / Mestre

Energy densities (ED, mJ/mm3) quantify mechanical work imposed on articular cartilages during function. This cross-sectional study examined differences in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ED during asymmetric versus symmetric jaw closing in healthy females versus males. ED component variables were tested for differences between and within sexes for two types of jaw closing. Seventeen female and 17 male subjects gave informed consent to participate. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders and images (magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography) were used to confirm healthy TMJ status. Numerical modelling predicted TMJ loads (Fnormal) consequent to unilateral canine biting. Dynamic stereometry combined MR imaging and jaw-tracking data to measure ED component variables during 10 trials of each type of jaw closing in each subject's TMJs. These data were then used to calculate TMJ ED during jaw closing asymmetrically and symmetrically. Paired and Student's t tests assessed ED between jaw closing movements and sexes, respectively. Multivariate data analyses assessed ED component variable differences between jaw closing movements and sexes (α = 0.05). Contralateral TMJ ED were 3.6-fold and significantly larger (P <.0001) during asymmetric versus symmetric jaw closing, due to significantly larger (P ≤.001) distances of TMJ stress-field translation in asymmetric versus symmetric movement. During asymmetric jaw closing, contralateral TMJ ED were twofold and significantly larger (P =.036) in females versus males, due to 1.5-fold and significantly smaller (P ≤.010) TMJ disc cartilage volumes under stress fields in females versus males. These results suggest that in healthy individuals, asymmetric compared to symmetric jaw closure in females compared to males has higher TMJ mechanical fatigue liabilities.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The force-moment systems of orthodontic T-loops have been widely described and investigated. A simpler triangular loop spring design has been employed in the graduate orthodontic clinic at Indiana University School of Dentistry. To date, no investigators have specifically examined and compared the force systems generated by these two loop configurations. The objective of this study was to compare the force systems generated by a T-loop and two different geometric shapes of triangular loops. A sample of 20 T-loops and 40 triangular loop springs were studied. The triangular loops were constructed in two different geometric configurations (n = 20 in each group) utilizing the same linear amount of wire as used in the T-loop fabrication. One set of triangular loops was the same height as the T-loop (isosceles shape); the other set was the same width as the T-loop (equilateral shape). Force and moment components along three mutually perpendicular axes (x, y, and z) were analyzed, with particular emphasis on the force system generated in the sagittal plane. The force-moment systems generated upon mesio-distal (x axis) activation were measured by a transducer connected to a computer for data collection and analysis. Statistical analysis utilized repeated measures of variance models (ANOVA). Multiple comparisons were made using Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences at a 95-percent overall confidence level. On initial ligation, there were no significant differences between the loops in the M/F ratios in the sagittal plane (p = 0.75). For all other activation distances, the equilateral triangular loops produced greater M/F ratios than both the isosceles and T-loops (p = 0.0001), and the isosceles triangular loops generated greater M/F ratios than the T-loops (p < 0.0035).

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

Um dos fatores que podem contribuir para as lesões na articulação do joelho é a incapacidade do indivíduo em manter durante atividades funcionais, um bom alinhamento entre os segmentos corporais tais como tronco, quadril e joelho. Na maioria das vezes o aumento do valgo dinâmico de joelho é apontado como um fator etiológico de lesões nessa articulação e sua identificação precoceé importante, bem como de outros fatores biomecânicos. Os testes funcionais para avaliação do valgo são importantes ferramentas para analisar o alinhamento dinâmico entre os segmentos corporais, porém ainda não há na literatura subsídios cinesiológicos que comparem a amplitude articular do joelho, quadril e tronco nas principais tarefas funcionais e utilizadas na prática clínica. Da mesma forma, a relação da cinemática desses segmentos com o torque dos músculos estabilizadores do quadril e joelho ainda é controverso. Objetivos: Comparar os valores angulares dados pela cinemática de tronco, quadril e joelho em cinco diferentes tarefas funcionais utilizadas para avaliação do valgo dinâmicoe correlacionar com o pico de torque de joelho e quadril. Materiais e Métodos: 30 voluntários saudáveis sem historia de dor ou disfunção em membros inferiores, de ambos os sexos (15 homens e 15 mulheres) com idade de 18 a 35 anos realizaram os testes de força muscular isométrica para todos os grupos musculares de joelho e quadril utilizando o Dinamômetro isocinéticoBiodex®. Entre 3 a 7 dias após o teste de força muscular foi realizada a análise cinemática de tronco, quadril e joelho utilizando o Sistema VICON (Centennial, CO, EUA) durante a realização de cinco diferentes tarefas funcionais para avaliação do valgo dinâmico de joelho, sendo elas: descida de degrau, singlelegstepdown, agachamento unipodal, aterrissagem unipodal, drop vertical jump. Resultados: A tarefa dedrop vertical jump apresentou os maiores valores de pico de valgo(média: 20,1º p<=0,04), rotação interna de joelho(média: 9,7º p<=0,003), flexão de quadril(média: 38,8º p<=0,001) e menores valores de rotação de tronco (média: 0,07º p<=0,009). A tarefa de single legstepdown apresentou maiores valores de flexão de tronco (média: 10,2º p<=0,002) em relação às outras tarefas funcionais. Foi observada uma correlação negativa e fraca do pico de torque de rotadores externos de quadril e inclinação ipsilateral de tronco(R= - 0,36; p=0,049) na tarefa de descida de degrau. Não houve evidências de correlação entre o pico de torque de abdutores, adutores, rotadores internos,rotadores externos, flexores, extensores de quadril e flexores e extensores de joelho com a cinemática de joelho, quadril e tronco nas tarefas funcionais de agachamento unipodal, aterrissagem unipodal, drop vertical jump e singlelegstepdown. Conclusão:A compreensão das variáveis cinesiológicas de joelho, quadril e troncoé fundamental para direcionar o clínico na escolha do teste funcional para avaliação do valgo dinâmico.Todas as tarefas analisadas são efetivas para avaliar o valgo dinâmico, porém adrop vertical jumpparece demandar mais estratégias de joelho e quadril, e a tarefasingle legstepdown apresentou maiores alterações cinesiológicasde tronco. Além disso, o pico de torque de quadril e joelho não exerceu influência no desempenho dos testes em indivíduos saudáveis / One of the factors that can contribute to injuries in the knee joint is the individual\'s inability to maintain an alignment between the body segments such as trunk, hip and knee during functional activities. Most of the time the dynamic knee valgus has been suggested as an etiologic factor that contributefor this joint injuries and early identification along with biomechanical factors associated with knee joint injuries is important. The functional tests for knee valgus evaluation are important tools for assessing the dynamic alignment between body segments, but there is no kinesiological subsidies in the literature that compare knee, hip and trunk in most of the described functional tasks used in the clinical practice and their relationship with the hip and knee strengthin healthy subjects. This study aimsto compare the angle values by the trunk, hip and knee kinematics in five different functional tasks used to evaluate the dynamic valgus and correlate this with the muscle\'s torque of the hip and knee. A sample of 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women) aged 18 to 35, with no history of pain or dysfunction in the lower limbs, performed a isometric muscle strength tests for all theknee and hip groups muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer Biodex®. Between 3 and 7 days after the muscle strength testing trunk, hip and knee kinematic analysis was performedduring five different functional tasks for evaluating the dynamic knee valgus using the Vicon system (Centennial, CO, USA).The functional tests were: stair descent, single-leg step down, single leg squat, single leg landing, drop vertical jump. ANOVA repeated measures was used to verify the differencesin the tasks for knee, hip and trunk kinematics and Pearson\'s correlation was used to verify correlations between hip and knee muscle\'s torque and knee, hip and trunk kinematics. The drop vertical jump task showed the highest peak values of valgus (average: 20.1º p<=0,04), internal rotation of the knee (average: 9,7º p<=0,003), hip flexion (mean: 38,8º p<=0,001) and lower trunk rotation values (mean 0,07º p<=0,009). The single leg step down task showed greater trunk flexion values (mean: 10,2º p<=0,002) in relation to all functional tasks. It was observed a negative and weak correlation of thehip external rotators torque and ipsilateral trunk lean (R = - 0.36, p = 0.049) in stair descent task. There was no evidence of correlation between peak torque of the hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators, external rotators, flexors and extensors and flexors, extensors of the knee with knee, hip and trunk kinematics in the single leg squat, landing, drop vertical jump and single-leg step down. For choosing a functional task to evaluate the dynamic valgus is crucial to the clinicians understand the kinesiological variables of knee, hip and trunk. All assessed tasks are effective to evaluate the dynamic knee valgus, although the drop vertical jump task requires more adjustments in the knee and hip, and the single leg step down task has higher kinesiological changes in the trunk.In addition, knee and hip peak of torque had no influence on the performance of the tests in healthy individuals

Chu Pak-Keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-88). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese. / Chu Pak-Keung. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.V / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IX / LIST OF TABLES --- p.XIII / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / BACKGROUND OF STUDY --- p.1 / KINEMATICS OF CYCLING --- p.2 / PEDALLING RATE OPTIMIZATION --- p.2 / DIFFERENT FORMS OF CYCLING OPTIMIZATION --- p.2 / FROM EXPERIMENT TO PRACTICE --- p.3 / RESEARCH PROBLEMS --- p.3 / IMPORTANCE OF CADENCE IN CYCLING --- p.3 / MODIFICATION OF CYCLING TECHNIQUE --- p.5 / PURPOSES OF STUDY --- p.5 / SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY --- p.6 / HYPOTHESES --- p.7 / DEFINITION OF TERMS AND OPERATIONAL VARIABLES --- p.7 / DELIMITATIONS AND LIMITATIONS --- p.9 / DELIMITATIONS --- p.9 / LIMITATIONS --- p.9 / REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.11 / METHODS OF CADENCE OPTIMIZATION --- p.11 / ENERGY PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY --- p.11 / BIOMECHANICAL OPTIMIZATION ESTIMATES --- p.13 / PERCEIVED EXERTION --- p.16 / CHOICE OF OPTIMIZATION METHOD --- p.17 / MUSCLE FATIGUE --- p.18 / CONCEPT OF FATIGUE --- p.18 / FATIGUE CATEGORIES --- p.19 / DETECTION OF MUSCLE FATIGUE BY INTEGRATED EMG --- p.20 / NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE OF WORKING MUSCLE DURING CYCLING EXERCISE --- p.23 / FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.24 / ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN SKILL ACQUISITION --- p.24 / KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS --- p.24 / SELECTION OF BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLE FOR FEEDBACK --- p.25 / AUGMENTED FEEDBACK IN CYCLING TRAINING --- p.26 / RETENTION --- p.26 / SUMMARY OF REVIEW --- p.29 / METHODOLOGY --- p.32 / DESIGN --- p.32 / SUBJECTS --- p.33 / PROTOCOL --- p.34 / OPTIMAL CADENCE DETERMINATION --- p.34 / AUGMENTED FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT --- p.34 / 10 DAY TRAINING SCHEDULE --- p.35 / INSTRUMENTATION --- p.38 / MEASUREMENT OF EMG --- p.41 / DATA ANALYSIS --- p.43 / RESULTS --- p.46 / SUBJECT V02Max RESULT --- p.46 / IEMG SLOPE OF SUBJECTS --- p.47 / POST-TEST AND RETENTION TEST IN AUGMENTED FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.50 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE --- p.50 / DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTROL AND EXPERIMENT GROUP ACROSS DIFFERENT CADENCE ERRORS --- p.53 / DISTRIBUTION OF TIME PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENT CADENCE ERRORS --- p.54 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.55 / PERFORMANCE IN ACQUISITION PHASE --- p.59 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE --- p.60 / DISTRIBUTION OF TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DURING ACQUISITION PHASE --- p.62 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.64 / SUMMARY OF RESULT FINDINGS --- p.66 / DISCUSSION --- p.67 / OPTIMAL CADENCE OF SUBJECTS --- p.67 / IEMG SLOPE OF SUBJECTS --- p.67 / POST-TEST AND RETENTION TEST IN AUGMENTED FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.69 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN ZERO RPM --- p.70 / "TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN ONE, TWO AND THREE RPM" --- p.70 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN FOUR RPM --- p.71 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.72 / ACQUISITION PHASE OF AUGMENTED FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.73 / "TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN ZERO, ONE, TWO AND THREE RPM" --- p.73 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.74 / CONCLUSIONS --- p.76 / RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.77 / REFERENCES --- p.78 / APPENDIXES --- p.89 / INFORMED CONSENT FORM --- p.90 / PAR-Q FORM --- p.91 / YMCA SUBMAXIMAL CYCLE ERGOMETER TEST --- p.92 / IEMG GRAPHS --- p.93