A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Boone.pdf: 426194 bytes, checksum: 51d13b2c05c4e6c0c726a1a68fdf640c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A literatura é um tipo de conhecimento que faz uso da palavra com a finalidade de projetar realidades possíveis. Para tanto, a mimese literária tem na experiência vivencial a verossimilhança que torna possível a apreensão da obra literária como fenômeno interpretativo. Nesse processo de composição, o gênero literário converte-se no conjunto de convenções que o autor se vale para fazer-se inteligível a seu público. As narrativas bíblicas e, em especial, o Evangelho Segundo São Mateus, possuem elementos que permitem sua leitura como obras literárias próprias da Antiguidade, cujas estratégias narrativas se mostram construtoras de representação verossímil da realidade. Para tanto, o narrador do Evangelho Segundo São Mateus utilizou-se daquelas convenções que se conformavam ao horizonte de expectativas de seu público e que articulam experiências advindas da literatura greco-romana e da literatura judaica. No caso da Paixão de Cristo Segundo São Mateus, o narrador empreende um conjunto de estratégias narrativas que favorecem sua condução da leitura da narrativa de acordo com sua perspectiva. Nesse processo, vale-se de uma estrutura que combina a biografia greco-romana àquela já consagrada na literatura bíblica. Dessa forma, a Paixão de Cristo nos é apresentada como parte final da história, numa perspectiva paradigmática e, ao mesmo tempo, como realização das Escrituras, que figuram e profetizam a respeito de Jesus e a natureza redimensionadora e universalizadora da salvação.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Boone.pdf: 426194 bytes, checksum: 51d13b2c05c4e6c0c726a1a68fdf640c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Literature is a kind of knowledge that makes use of the word in order to project possible realities. Therefore, mimesis has in literary life experience verisimilitude that makes it possible to grasp the literary phenomenon as interpretive. In the process of composition, the literary genre becomes the set of conventions that the author uses to make himself intelligible to his audience. Biblical narratives and in particular, the Gospel According to St. Matthew, have elements that allow their own reading as literary works of antiquity, whose narrative strategies are shown construction of believable representation of reality. To this end, the narrator of the Gospel According to St. Matthew used those conventions that conformed to the horizon of expectations of your audience and articulate experiences arising from the Greco-Roman literature and Jewish literature. In the case of Christs Passion According to St. Matthew, the narrator undertakes a set of narrative strategies that favor its conduct of reading the narrative according to your perspective. In this process, it is a structure that combines the Greco-Roman biography to that already established in biblical literature. Thus, the Passion of Christ is presented as the final part of the story, a paradigmatic perspective and at the same time as carrying out the Scriptures, that appear and prophesy about Jesus and resizeing and universalizing nature of salvation. / A literatura é um tipo de conhecimento que faz uso da palavra com a finalidade de projetar realidades possíveis. Para tanto, a mimese literária tem na experiência vivencial a verossimilhança que torna possível a apreensão da obra literária como fenômeno interpretativo. Nesse processo de composição, o gênero literário converte-se no conjunto de convenções que o autor se vale para fazer-se inteligível a seu público. As narrativas bíblicas e, em especial, o Evangelho Segundo São Mateus, possuem elementos que permitem sua leitura como obras literárias próprias da Antiguidade, cujas estratégias narrativas se mostram construtoras de representação verossímil da realidade. Para tanto, o narrador do Evangelho Segundo São Mateus utilizou-se daquelas convenções que se conformavam ao horizonte de expectativas de seu público e que articulam experiências advindas da literatura greco-romana e da literatura judaica. No caso da Paixão de Cristo Segundo São Mateus, o narrador empreende um conjunto de estratégias narrativas que favorecem sua condução da leitura da narrativa de acordo com sua perspectiva. Nesse processo, vale-se de uma estrutura que combina a biografia greco-romana àquela já consagrada na literatura bíblica. Dessa forma, a Paixão de Cristo nos é apresentada como parte final da história, numa perspectiva paradigmática e, ao mesmo tempo, como realização das Escrituras, que figuram e profetizam a respeito de Jesus e a natureza redimensionadora e universalizadora da salvação.

Este trabalho de doutorado versa sobre a simulação numérica das etapas construtivas de pontes estaiadas através do método dos elementos finitos, utilizando a plataforma ANSYS, versão 14.5. A justificativa da realização deste trabalho vem da crescente utilização deste tipo de estrutura de ponte no Brasil, devido, principalmente, ao seu bom comportamento estrutural e pela possibilidade de uso de uma estrutura mais leve, esbelta e econômica. Inicialmente, foi feita uma pesquisa abrangente sobre os componentes estruturais e concepções de projetos mais utilizados. Em seguida, estudaram-se as relações constitutivas de cada material constituinte, a fim de melhor representá-los na simulação numérica. Para a representação das equações constitutivas do concreto, implementou-se um novo modelo de material visco-elastoplástico com fissuração, com a ajuda da ferramenta de customização UPF (User Programmable Features), onde foram adicionadas novas sub-rotinas ao programa principal em linguagem FORTRAN. Como o objetivo final desta tese era trabalhar com análise estrutural das etapas construtivas de pontes estaiadas, envolvendo um número muito grande de elementos finitos, a implementação deste novo modelo possibilitou a utilização de elementos tridimensionais quadráticos de 20 nós (SOLID186) com armadura incorporada (REINF264), tornando a solução do problema mais rápida e eficaz. A fim de validar as sub-rotinas acrescentadas ao sistema, foram simuladas dezesseis vigas em concreto armado, ensaiadas por Leonhardt e Walther (1962) e por Bresler e Scordelis (1963), e uma viga segmentada com protensão externa, ensaiada por Aparicio et al (2002). A comparação de resultados das análises numéricas e experimentais mostraram boa aproximação. Após a validação das sub-rotinas, foi modelada numericamente a Ponte do Saber, localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, seguindo fielmente as etapas construtivas adotadas na construção da ponte. A partir dos dados de monitoramento desta ponte, durante a fase executiva, foi possível comparar os valores obtidos no modelo numérico com as informações coletadas em campo, obtendo-se bons resultados. / This doctoral thesis presents the numerical simulation of the construction stages of cable-stayed bridges using the finite element method, through the ANSYS software, version 14.5. This work is justified by the increasing use of such structures in Brazil, mainly due to its good structural behavior and the possibility of using a lighter, slender and economic structure. Initially, it presents the results of a research about the structural components and the commonly used design concepts. Then, the constitutive relations of each constituent material were studied, in order to best represent them in the numerical simulation. For the representation of the constitutive equations of concrete, it was implemented a new model of visco-elastoplastic material with cracking. That was made with the help of the customization tool UPF (User Programmable Features), where new subroutines were added to the main program in FORTRAN language. The final goal of this thesis is to work with structural analysis of the construction stages of cable-stayed bridges, involving a very large number of finite elements. Therefore, the implementation of this new model enabled the use of three-dimensional quadratic elements of 20 nodes (SOLID186) with embedded reinforcement (REINF264), making the solution of the problem faster and more effective. In order to validate the subroutines added to the system, sixteen reinforced concrete beams tested by Leonhardt and Walther (1962) and by Bresler and Scordelis (1963), and a segmental beam with external prestressing, tested by Aparicio et al (2002) were simulated. The comparison of results of numerical and experimental analyzes showed good approximation. After validation of the subroutines, it was numerically modeled the Saber Bridge, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, following exactly the constructive steps taken in the construction of the bridge. Based on the monitoring data of the bridge during the construction phase, it was possible to compare the values obtained from the numerical model with the information collected in the field, obtaining good results.

In the Czech Republic the Romani minority is a numerous as well as often discussed minority in these days. As one of the largest minorities in the Czech Republic is involved, not only nurses in health care facilities but also nurses working for home-care agencies meet members of the Romani minority at work. For a Romani family it is almost a duty to take care for their ill and dying relatives at home in a family circle. This care still bears elements of Romani tradition, which however often contravene with treatment regime. Despite this fact nurses from home-care agencies have good experience with taking care for Romani patients, and sometimes certain Romanies accept the use of home-care agency services. These theses on Specific Features of Nursing Care for Romani Minority in the Framework of Home-care Agencies deals in its theoretical part with a history, communication, religion, traditions and manner of living of Romani minority, further it focuses on history and scope of activities of home-care agencies, on ethics of dying and death in health-care facilities and on basic information in the field of palliative care. The second part of the theses is focused on quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative research has been carried out in a form of a questionnaire addressed to nurses working in home-care agencies. Seventy one nurses from selected home-care agencies from the whole Czech Republic took part in this research. Qualitative research was carried out through structured interviews with 15 members of Romani minorities. Tasks of the work: to ascertain extent of use of services of home-care agencies by Romani minority, and to determine specific features of nursing care for dying member of the Romani ethnicity were fulfilled. Three hypotheses were determined to such tasks ? H1: Nurses from home-care agencies have already provided services to members of Romani ethnicity. H2: The Romani minority uses services of home-care agencies. H3: Nurses from home-care agencies are aware of specific features of nursing care for Romani minority. Hypotheses H1 and H2 were accepted. H3 was not accepted, as from the statistical evaluation of quantitative research it follows that nurses are not aware of specific features of nursing care. The following research questions were determined for the qualitative research: Are the members of Romani ethnicity aware of a possibility to receive help from home-care agencies in care for a dying family member? Are the members of Romani minority interested in help offered by nurses from home-care agencies in nursing of a dying family member? Results of the research of these theses were used for creation of a manual of specific features of nursing care for a dying Romani patient. The manual was sent to selected home-care agencies. Information contained in the manual may serve to nurses in an out-patient and patient departments of health-care facilities as well, as knowledge in the field of care for a member of the Romani minority dying at home may help such nurses to understand acting, communication, manner of living as well as life values of such patients at hospitalization. The whole theses may also serve in practice as an indicator of insufficient foreknowledge of the Romani minority on services of home-care agencies and necessity to spread information on such services to the Romani ethnicity.

This thesis aims to map the occurrence of reproduction of own and other people's language in everyday communication and focus on characteristic features of spokenness. After the first part, which will study this issue in theoretical level, proceed to the analysis. Everything will be completed by pondering on the research results and their implications. The material from which the work is based, consists monologues and dialogues of 65 people of different ages, gender and social inclusion. By these criteria the material is also categorized and analyzed in the context of reproduction and of characteristic features of spokenness in all layers of simple communicative style. All the material isn't older than two years and using by a recording equipment is maintained in spoken and subsequently also in written form.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Mendes Pecanha.pdf: 2644253 bytes, checksum: 71104bb0941feeb1ba394b9fa74dc06c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / In a serie of cases of paracoccidioidomycosis we retrospectively reviewed the records of 546 patients treated at the Hospital Universitario Cassiano Antonio Moraes (HUCAM), Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, from 1978 to 2012. The patients ages ranged from 7 to 83 years, with 512 males and 34 females in a ratio of 15:1. Most of the patients( 81,34%) were from the state of Espírito Santo (ES), 18,66% came from other states, mainly from rural areas and 77,6% of them were farmers. The map of geographical distribution in ES showed higher concentration of cases in counties in the western border, along Minas Gerais state.Looking at the clinical features 60 (10.99%) patients presented the acute / subacute form of the disease, 485 (88.83%) the chronic form and one patient the subclinical form. The organs most often affected were the lungs, oropharyngeal mucosa, lymph nodes, skin and larynx. Several other organs were also affected less frequently. The diagnosis was established by histopathology in 252 (46.15%), direct examination in 168 (30.77%), direct examination and histopathology in 111 (20.33%) and serology in 15 (2.75%) patients. The infectious diseases more frequently associated were tuberculosis, AIDS, leishmaniasis and intestinal parasites. Patients were treated with sulfonamides, or azole in mild to moderate forms and amphotericin B in severe forms. The length of the treatment was analysed in 366 patients. Only 146 (40%) completed the minimum of 18 months needed when taking sulphonamides. The most common sequelae were residual pulmonary lesions and scars on skin and mucous membranes. The number of cases in this serie highlights the state of Espírito Santo as important endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil and the results follow the clinical and epidemiological patterns demonstrated in other series / Em série histórica de casos de Paracoccidioidomicose, foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 546 pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio Moraes (HUCAM) da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, no período de 1978 a 2012. A idade dos pacientes variou de 7 a 83 anos, sendo 512 do gênero masculino e 34 do feminino, com proporção 15:1. Em relação à procedência, 81,34% eram do Espírito Santo (ES) e 18,66% procediam de outros estados, predominantemente de área rural, sendo 77,6% dos pacientes lavradores. O mapeamento da distribuição geográfica no ES revelou maior concentração de casos em municípios situados na faixa oeste, junto à divisa de Minas Gerais. Quanto à apresentação clínica, 60 (10,99%) pacientes eram da forma aguda/subaguda da doença, 485 (88,83%) da forma crônica e um paciente apresentou a forma subclínica. Os órgãos mais frequentemente acometidos foram os pulmões, mucosa de orofaringe, linfonodos, pele e laringe. Vários outros órgãos se mostraram comprometidos, com menor frequência. O diagnóstico foi firmado através de exame histopatológico em 252 (46,15%), exame direto em 168 (30,77%), exame direto e histopatológico em 111 (20,33%) e sorologia em 15 (2,75%) pacientes. As doenças infecciosas mais frequentemente associadas foram: Tuberculose, AIDS, Leishmaniose e as parasitoses intestinais. Os pacientes foram tratados com sulfonamidas ou azólicos nas formas leves e moderadas e anfotericina B nas formas graves. A duração do tratamento foi analisada em 366 pacientes, sendo que, somente 146 (40%) completaram o tempo mínimo previsto de 18 meses de medicação com sulfonamidas. As sequelas mais comuns foram lesões residuais pulmonares e cicatrizes em pele e mucosas. O número de casos desta série destaca o ES como importante área endêmica de Paracoccidioidomicose no Brasil e os resultados seguem os padrões clínicos e epidemiológicos demonstrados em outras séries

O objetivo desta dissertação foi criar uma nova abordagem para identificar de maneira automática feições do tipo edificação em uma imagem digital. Tal identificação seria de interesse de órgãos públicos que lidam com planejamento urbano para fins de controle da ocupação humana irregular. A abordagem criada utilizou agentes de software especialistas para proceder com o processamento da segmentação e reconhecimento de feições na imagem digital. Os agentes foram programados para tratar uma imagem colorida com o padrão Red, Green e Blue (RGB). A criação desta nova abordagem teve como motivação o fato das atuais técnicas existentes de segmentação e classificação de imagens dependerem sobremaneira dos seus usuários. Em outras palavras, pretendeu-se com a abordagem em questão permitir que usuários menos técnicos pudessem interagir com um sistema classificador, sem a necessidade de profundos conhecimentos de processamento digital de imagem. Uma ferramenta protótipo foi desenvolvida para testar essa abordagem, que emprega de forma inusitada, agentes inteligentes, com testes feitos em recortes de ortofotos digitais do Município de Angra dos Reis (RJ). / The purpose of this dissertation has been to create a new approach in order to recognition features of buildings in a digital image in an automatic way. Such recognition features would be interesting of government agencies that deals with urban planning for irregular human occupation control. The approach created has employed specialist software agents to proceed with the segmentation processing and features recognition in the digital images. The agents have been programmed to manipulate colored images with the Red, Green and Blue pattern (RGB). The creation of this new approach has been motivated by the fact of existing segmentation techniques and classification of images greatly depend on its users. In other words, with the approach discussed it has been intended to allow less technical users to interact with a classifier system, without requiring deep knowledge of digital image processing. A prototype tool has been developed to test this approach, which employs in an unusual way, intelligent agents, with tests done in digital orthophotos of the city of Angra dos Reis (RJ).

The aim of the thesis was to design an analytical model enabling a comparative analysis of both original and dubbed versions of film dialogues, with special regard to prosodic interference (intonation in particular), to describe and explain such interference, caused by certain differences between Czech and English, and to assess its influence on communication, considering the nature of a film character and its reception by Czech recipients. The analysis showed that higher pitch register and extended intonation range were the most common types of interference, bringing about the impression of over-emotive and over-melodious speech and also changing some of the film characters. These types of interference were caused by a different way of using intonation within the system of a language; English uses intonation to signal information structure and to express emotions as well. Interesting results were obtained when a structural approach to a character, as proposed by Jiří Levý (1971), was applied in the analysis. Surprisingly, another type of interference was discovered; it is a sort "indirect" interference developed in cases when the dubbed version closely follows the original and its dominant prosodic features and uses them in situations where the original does not. Such interference is changing the...

The current technologies for acquisition, storage and transmission of digital data, generate large amounts of data. This quantitative increase is directly proportional to the expansion of multimedia databases, where the bases are part of images. Factors contributing to this expansion is the generation of data access and multimedia, which are frequently used by the population through the media today. Thus, we find a clear need exists for automated systems, capable of dealing with the storage and retrieval of data in a time acceptable to the current standards. To this end, systems are designed for content retrieval of images, where the content is described through its low-level visual features such as shape, texture and color. To have such a system is considered ideal, it must be efficient and effective. The effectiveness will result from the way the information was obtained as a low level of images, considering different conditions of focus, lighting and occlusion. The efficiency is a consequence of the results obtained using the organization of information extracted. The methods of grouping are in one of the useful techniques to reduce the computational complexity of these systems, reducing the computational complexity of the methods implemented, but without losing the representation of information extracted. This work proposes a method for retrieval of images based on content, using appropriate techniques of clustering, a technique for detecting edges and a method to normalize the images in the aspect of enlightenment, to get through it the image descriptors that are robust and can be applied efficiently in a retrieval system for images by content - CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval). / As tecnologias atuais de aquisição, armazenamento e transmissão de dados digitais geram grandes quantidades de dados. Esse aumento quantitativo é diretamente proporcional à ampliação das bases de dados multimídia, onde se inserem as bases de imagens. Fatores relevantes que contribuem para esta ampliação são o acesso e a geração de dados multimídia, os quais são freqüentemente utilizados pela população através dos meios de comunicação atuais. Desta forma, percebe-se claramente a necessidade existente por sistemas automatizados, capazes de lidar com o armazenamento e a recuperação destes dados em um tempo aceitável para os padrões atuais. Para este fim, são desenvolvidos sistemas de recuperação de imagens por conteúdo, onde este conteúdo é descrito através de suas características visuais de baixo nível, como forma, textura e cor. Para que um sistema deste tipo seja considerado ideal, ele deve ser eficiente e eficaz. A eficácia será resultado da maneira de como foram obtidas as informações de baixo nível das imagens, considerando diferentes condições de foco, oclusão e iluminação. A eficiência é conseqüência dos resultados obtidos utilizando-se a organização das informações extraídas. Os métodos de agrupamento constituem em uma das técnicas úteis para diminuir a complexidade computacional destes sistemas, uma vez que agrupa informações com características semelhantes, sob determinado critério, porém sem perder a representatividade das informações extraídas. Este trabalho propõe um método para recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo, que utiliza apropriadamente as técnicas de agrupamento, uma técnica de detecção de cantos e um método para normalizar as imagens no aspecto da iluminação, visando através disso obter descritores da imagem que sejam robustos e possam ser aplicados eficientemente em um sistema de recuperação de imagens por conteúdo - CBIR(Content Based Image Retrieval).