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Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of French and Italian, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-147).

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Jennifer M. Bormann / Robert L. Weaber / The objective of this study was to investigate the parameter estimates for feet and leg traits, relationships within feet and leg traits, and between feet and leg traits and production traits in Red Angus cattle. Subjective scores for 14 traits including: Body Condition Score (BCS), Front Hoof Angle (FHA), Front Heel Depth (FHD), Front Claw Shape (FCS), Rear Hoof Angle (RHA), Rear Heel Depth (RHD), Rear Claw Shape (RCS), Size of Hoof (Size), Front Side View (FSV), Knee Orientation (KNEE), Front Hoof Orientation (FHO), Rear Side View (RSV), Rear View (RV), and a Composite Score (COMP) were collected by trained evaluators on 1885 Red Angus cattle at different ranches across the United States. A three-generation pedigree file was obtained from the Red Angus Association of America (RAAA) that contained 13,306 animals, and EPDs on all animals with feet and leg scores were obtained. All traits except COMP were scored as intermediate optimum traits. Data were modeled using a linear bivariate animal model with random additive genetic and residual effects, and fixed effects of age and contemporary group (herd-year). Variances were estimated with ASREML 3.0 and 4.0. Heritability estimates of BCS, FHA, FHD, FCS, RHA, RHD, RCS, Size, FSV, Knee, FHO, RSV, RV, and COMP were 0.11, 0.20, 0.17, 0.09, 0.19, 0.25, 0.17, 0.36, 0.16, 0.17, 0.17, 0.30, 0.14, and 0.12, respectively. These results showed feet and leg traits were lowly to moderately heritable. Strong, positive genetic correlations were found between FHA and FHD (0.89), FHA and RHA (0.88), FHD and RHA (0.85), FHA and RHD (0.85), FHD and RHD (0.94), and FHO and Knee (0.95), indicating these traits may be highly related to one another. Strong negative correlations were found between Knee and FSV (-0.59) and FHO and FSV (-0.75). The strongest correlation was between front limb traits (FHA, FHD, FSV, FHO, Knee, and Comp) and the Stayability EPD (STAY) was FSV (r =0.16; r_s =0.20) and for rear limb traits (RHA, RHD, RCS, RSV, RV, and Comp) and STAY was RCS (r = -0.12; r_s=-0.14). This indicates that cattle with more slope to the angle of the shoulder stay in the herd longer and cattle with less curl to the inside of the claw tend to stay in the herd longer. Further studies with more data could help validate the relationship between feet and leg traits and production traits.

The long-term goal of this study is to improve the ability of designers and prosthetists to match the mechanical characteristics of prosthetic feet to patient specific parameters, including, needs, abilities and biomechanical characteristics. While patient measures of performance are well developed, there is a need to develop a practical method by which non-linear and time-dependent mechanical properties of the prosthetic component can be measured. In this study, testing methodologies were developed that separately evaluated the elastic and time-dependent properties. Three styles of feet were tested to span the range of designs of interest: a standard solid ankle cushioned heel (SACH) foot, two energy return feet for active users and a new prosthetic foot designed to provide partial energy return. The first testing regime involved mechanically characterizing prostheses under conditions similar to gait. The heels and toes of four sample feet were loaded to peak forces based on their design mass at a series of angles and forces that the prosthetic system would go through during the gait cycle, based on the waveform in ISO 22675. Tangential stiffnesses of the samples were determined using numerical differentiation. The force-displacement responses of prosthetic feet reflect increasing stiffnesses with increasing loads and a decreasing pylon angle. Key features reflecting foot design are: the relative stiffness of the heel and toe and the displacement gap at midstance. Stable feet tend to exhibit lower heel stiffnesses and higher toe stiffnesses, whereas dynamics energy return (DER) feet tend to exhibit higher heel stiffnesses and lower toe stiffnesses. The differences in heel and toe loading at midstance suggest that DER feet can aid in the transition from heel to toe, providing a smooth rollover whereas SACH feet provide greater stability. A second testing regime examined the time-dependent properties of the heel and toe. A three-parameter reduced relaxation response of the form was able to capture the force-relaxation characteristics with RMS differences ranging from 0.0006 to 0.0119. In this model, A is the initial decay, B is the decay coefficient, a linear decay term, and τ is a time constant. While the model is practical for comparing various prostheses at a single load level, a fully non-linear model is required to model the time-dependent response at all loading levels. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-04-16 11:27:02.51 / Otto Bock® Dupont Niagara Prothetics and Orthotics International Health Technology Exchange (HTX) Ontario Centres of Excellence

No description available.

At the core of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) three-mirror optical design is the primary/tertiary (M1M3) mirror that combines these two large mirrors onto one monolithic substrate. The M1M3 mirror was spin cast and polished at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab at The University of Arizona (formerly SOML, now the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab at the University of Arizona (RFCML)). Final acceptance of the mirror occurred during the year 2015 and the mirror is now in storage while the mirror cell assembly is being fabricated. The M1M3 mirror will be tested at RFCML after integration with its mirror cell before being shipped to Chile.

This dissertation is a proposal for foot structure in Québécois that uniformly accounts for high vowel distribution with respect to tenseness, devoicing and deletion within a single prosodic framework. The complementary distribution of tenseness in the final syllable and the variable realizations in the non-final syllable are shown to be regulated by the proposed foot structure. A grammatical, sonority-based surface weight distinction is assumed for vowels: tense high vowels are associated to a full mora µ, along with non-high vowels, while lax high vowels are associated to a hypomora λ, a weight value less than µ. This grammatical weight is regulated at the level of the minimally monomoraic foot. The final, Head Foot is necessarily monosyllabic. Thus, a final hypomoraic rime is quantitatively insufficient to host a foot projection, resulting in a monomoraic, tense vowel in an open syllable. The foot expands to include an adjacent syllable in words consisting of more than two syllables, following the Trochaic Markedness Hierarchy, based on the following three principles, in the order of priority: 1) quantitative minimum: light and heavy rimes are preferred to superlight (λ) rimes, 2) quantitative evenness: even trochees are preferred to uneven trochees, and 3) quantitative dominance: the left branch that is heavier than the right branch is preferred to the left branch that is lighter. A form like /kamizᴐl/ surfaces with a monomoraic, tense vowel in the left branch of the trochee, (ska. wmi)(szᴐl), given that an even foot (L L) is preferred to an uneven foot with a hypomoraic branch, (L SL). The trochaic instantiation (H) is also better-formed than (L SL), preferring deletion to a hypomoraic rime: (kam)(zᴐl). In the Optimality-theoretic analysis, variation is modeled via the mechanism of a Floating Constraint (Reynolds 1994): a constraint whose ranking status can be varied with respect to a set range of a fixed ranking of constraints, within a single grammar. The variation in question is shown to be largely a function of the floating status of the constraint regulating the grammatical weight association of vowels, (Son-Weight), and its relative ranking with respect to the Trochaic Markedness constraints. / text

No description available.

Purpose: To highlight the histopathological characteristics of the skin in congenital clubfoot and correlate the clinical findings in clubfoot with the changes in the dermal layers. Materials and methods: One hundred skin specimens, from 77 infants (6 to 12 months), were studied between 2004 and 2008. Using the Pirani scoring system, the clinical severity was recorded. The mobility of the skin and the correctability of the medial ray were assessed clinically. A skin specimen (1cm x 1mm) was taken from the medial side of the foot at surgery following failed plaster treatment. The layers were studied under light microscopy. The thickness of the dermis and the histopathological features of clubfoot skin were compared with 10 normal skin specimens. Results: The dermis of clubfoot skin showed significant fibrosis with thick bundles of collagen fibres (P = .001) on Haematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&E). The dermal thickness ranged between 1.0mm and 5.2mm in clubfoot skin, compared with controls (0.64-1.28mm). Fibrosis extended into the subcutis in a septolobular fashion in 95% of the cases. Significant atrophy of eccrine glands was seen in 98% (P = .001). Hair follicles were absent in 78%. The elastic fibres of clubfoot skin, stained with Elastic van Gieson staining (EVG), showed hypertrophy in varying degrees in all skin specimens. They were fragmented, with loss of their parallel arrangement. There was no significant inflammatory reaction in the dermis. The Pirani score was significantly increased (mean 7.8). Discussion: Fibrosis and thickening of the dermis were the most significant histopathological features of the clubfoot skin. The elastic fibres were also abnormal. There was atrophy of the skin appendages due to the fibrosis. There was a strong correlation between the Pirani score and the severity of the deformity(P 0.016). The cases with poor outcome had a higher score than those with a satisfactory outcome.Lack of a significant inflammatory reaction suggests that neither the serial manipulations of the foot, nor the repeated plaster cast changes, were responsible for the dermal fibrosis, which is probably present from birth and contributes to the deformity. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) à um dos mais importantes problemas mundiais de saÃde na atualidade, tanto em termos de nÃmero de pessoas afetadas, incapacitaÃÃes, mortalidade prematura, como dos custos envolvidos no seu controle e no tratamento de suas complicaÃÃes (CONSENSO.1997 ). A ulceraÃÃo em pà diabÃtico à a causa mais comum de amputaÃÃes nÃo traumÃticas de membros inferiores em paÃses industrializados (ARMSTRONG et al., 1998a). Ocorre em 15% dos diabÃticos e à responsÃvel por 6% a 20% das hospitalizaÃÃes (ARMSTRONG et al., 1998c). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influÃncia da pressÃo arterial, hemoglobina glicada, tempo de diabetes, IMC, altura, escolaridade e renda na incidÃncia de Ãlcera nos pÃs de portadores de diabetes mellitus, atendidos entre junho de 1999 a janeiro de 2002, no ambulatÃrio do Pà diabÃtico do Centro Integrado de Diabetes e HipertensÃo do Cearà (CIDH). Foram realizados dois estudos entre dezembro de 2000 e janeiro 2002 . No estudo transversal de 83 diabÃticos tipo 2 portadores de Ãlceras nos pÃs (37 homens e 46 mulheres), na faixa etÃria de 37 a 86 anos, os participantes foram avaliados quanto à histÃria clÃnica, exame fÃsico dos pÃs, avaliaÃÃo da condiÃÃo vascular: palpaÃÃo dos pulsos pediosos dorsais e tibiais posteriores, exame neurolÃgico: sensibilidade protetora plantar ao monofilamento de Semmes-Weinstein 5.07, sensibilidade vibratÃria ao diapasÃo 128 Hz e sensibilidade ao frio verificada com objeto metÃlico frio. No estudo caso-controle aninhado (ROTHMAN, 1986; CLAYTON: HILLS 1993), com 83 casos e 188 controles, na faixa etÃria de 37 a 86 anos, casos foram portadores de diabetes tipo 2 com Ãlcera nos pÃs, Ãlcera de pà foi definida como lesÃo aberta no malÃolo ou abaixo dele (BOULTON et al., 1986), controles foram portadores de diabetes tipo 2 atendidos no CIDH, sem histÃria de Ãlcera e/ou amputaÃÃo. Para cada caso Ãndex foi selecionado um ou mais controles pareados por sexo, idade e data de admissÃo no CIDH. Para estimar a relaÃÃo entre os potenciais fatores de risco e a incidÃncia de Ãlcera de pà foi utilizado um modelo de regressÃo logÃstica condicional. A descriÃÃo clÃnica de 83 portadores de diabetes com Ãlcera demonstrou que Ãlcera de pà à mais freqÃente no sexo feminino, idade acima de 59,74 anos, duraÃÃo do diabetes acima de 11 anos, baixa renda, baixa escolaridade, dependentes ou sem ocupaÃÃo, IMC acima de 25 kg/mÂ, diabetes mal controlado, portadores de neuropatia perifÃrica, doenÃa vascular perifÃrica e retinopatia diabÃtica. Analisando-se os fatores associados ao risco na incidÃncia de Ãlcera de pÃ, em portadores de diabetes mellitus, observa-se que, na anÃlise sem pareamento, a mÃdia da hemoglobina glicada e a duraÃÃo do diabetes foram significantemente maior nos casos que nos controles, enquanto que a mÃdia da pressÃo arterial sistÃlica e diastÃlica foram significantemente menor nos casos que nos controles. Na anÃlise nÃo ajustada atravÃs da regressÃo logÃstica condicional, a hemoglobina glicada e a maior duraÃÃo do diabetes mellitus estavam significantemente associadas à maior chance de ocorrÃncia de Ãlcera. Para cada acrÃscimo de 1% na hemoglobina glicada correspondeu um aumento de 20% na chance de ocorrer Ãlcera. Na anÃlise ajustada entre cada fator de risco e a ocorrÃncia de Ãlcera de pÃ, apenas a hemoglobina glicada permaneceu associada a risco de ulceraÃÃo, aumentando inclusive a forÃa da associaÃÃo. Para cada acrÃscimo de 1% na hemoglobina glicada, aumentou em 38% a chance de ocorrÃncia de Ãlcera de pÃ. / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is at the present time one of the most important world problems of health, so much in terms of number of affected people, disability, premature mortality, as of the costs involved in your control and in the treatment of your complications (CONSENT..., 1997). Diabetic foot ulceration is the cause more common of amputations non traumatic of lower extremity in industrialized countries (ARMSTRONG et al., 1998a). Occur in 15% of the diabetic and it is responsible for 6 to 20% of the hospitalizations (ARMSTRONG et al., 1998c). This study had as objective assess the influence of the blood pressure, hemoglobin glicada, time of diabetes, BMI, height, education level and income in the ulcer incidence in the feet of diabetic mellitus, assisted among June from 1999 to January of 2002, in the clinic of the diabetic Foot in the Integrated Center of Diabetes and Hypertension of Cearà (ICDH). Two studies were accomplished between December of 2000 and January 2002. Sectional study of the 83 diabetic type 2 with ulcers in the feet (37 men and 46 women), age from 37 to 86 years, the participants were assessed with relationship to the clinical history, feet physical exam , evaluation of the vascular condition: palpation of posterior tibialis and dorsalis pedis pulses, neurologycal exam: sensory testing on each foot using Semmes Westein monofilament 5.07, vibration sensation using a 128-Hz tuning fork and sensibility to the cold verified with cold metallic object In the case-control nested study (ROTHMAN, 1986; CLAYTON; HILLS, 1993), with 83 cases and 188 controls, in the age group from 37 to 86 years, cases were individuals bearers of diabetes type 2 with ulcer in the feet. Foot ulcer was defined as an open lesion which was present below the level of the melleolus (BOULTON et al., 1986). Controls were diabetic type 2 assisted in ICDH, without history of ulcer e/ou amputation. For each index caso it was selected an or more controls matched by sex, age and admission date in ICDH. To esteem the relationship between the potentials risk factors and the incidence of foot ulcer it was used a model of conditional logistics regression. The clinical description of 83 diabetic with ulcer demonstrated that foot ulcer is more frequent in the female sex, age above 59,74 years, duration of diabetes above 11 years, low income, low education, dependent or without occupation, BMI above 25 kg/mÂ, diabetes badly controlled, outlying peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and diabetic retinopathy. Being analyzed the factors associated to the risk in the incidence of foot ulcer in diabetic , it is observed that: in the analysis without matched, the average of the hemoglobin glicada and the duration of the diabetes were larger significantly in the cases that in the controls, while the average of the systolic and diatolic blood pressure were smaller significantly in the cases that in the controls. In the analysis non adjusted through the conditional logistics regression the hemoglobin glicada and the largest duration of the diabetes mellitus, they were associated significant the largest chance of ulcer occurrence. For each increment of 1% in the hemoglobin glicada corresponded an increase of 20% in the chance of occurrence ulcer. In the adjusted analysis between each risk factor and the occurrence of foot ulcer the hemoglobin glicada stayed just associated to risk of ulceration, increasing the force of the association. For each increment of 1% in the hemoglobin glicada, it increased in 38% the chance of occurrence a foot ulcer.