The study focuses on the Arab image in segments of the American elite press during the Gulf war. It content analysed three elite newspapers - the New York Times (NYT), Washington Post (WP) and Los Angeles Times (LAT). The analysis covers the period from January 16, 1991 when the war erupted, to February 28, 1991, when a cease-fire was declared. The Gulf war could have represented a decisive moment of a possible variation in the American interaction with the Arabs. The study, however, reveals that neither the American government nor the Press exploited the change in the positionality of the Arabs to particularise the generalised image of the Arabs and to initiate a new way of perceiving them. Another case study (Intifada) has been incorporated to establish a point of comparison. The Gulf war has been analysed in the context of State-Media relationships. The study emphasises the dynamic and mobile nature of media-government relationships. Multi-perspectives have been utilised to capture the mode structuring the variation of interaction between the state's foreign policy and the press support. These perspectives are: crisis, 'our' war, 'their' war, civil society, global civil society, values, cultural archive and self/other. The intersection of foreign coverage with crisis, 'our' war, national civil society, values, cultural archive and self/others, fosters a fusion with the state and nourishes monologic relations with the postulated foreign other, the Arabs (Gulf war). The intersection of foreign coverage with 'crisis', 'their' war, values and global civil society, however, weakens the fusion between media and the state and fosters a dialogic relationship with the perceived foreign other (Intifada). In brief, the fusion between media and government and consequently the reproducibility of enclosure toward the projected foreign other is context dependent. It depends on local analysis or the intersected lines in one point of time.

This study is a comparative analysis of the build-up and coverage of the Barcelona Olympics in British and Israeli newspapers. It employs content analysis, supplemented by interviews conducted with journalists and the detailed analysis of front page items, to examine, comparatively, the build up and coverage in four newspapers (two from each country) over a period of five months, from April 1st to September 1st, 1992. This thesis focuses on several theoretical approaches in order to analyse the Olympic coverage by newspapers. The approaches include the 'grand' theories of media events, news construction and globalisation as well as the concepts of national identity, heroes and gender. The theories and the literature engaged with them are discussed critically while applying them to sport in general and to the Olympics in particular, and guide the empirical study conducted. The findings of empirical analysis, most significantly, show that despite the International Olympic Committee's declarations, which in essence go towards a united world, the factor which determined the newspaper build up and coverage of the Barcelona Olympics, in both Britain and Israel, was the interest in the performance of their own country. Put differently, the local - in this case national - perspective was found to be the prevailing one in the coverage of this global event.

No description available.

British local newspapers are said to be in a state of crisis due to a dramatic downturn in revenue caused by the increase in competition from alternative advertising and news platforms online. Yet the same news companies that produce these newspapers are reaching more people than ever before through their investment in online technology and through the development of websites and social media networks. Meanwhile Web 2.0 is enabling audiences to play a more active role in the news process by creating user generated content, sharing news stories online and by responding to news stories on websites. Audience participation online is not only a vital source and resource for local newspapers at a time of dramatic cutbacks but is also an invaluable tool to create collaborative journalism and enhance the civic obligations of journalism. Through case study research at two local British newspapers this thesis explores how Web 2.0 is changing the relationship between British local newspaper journalists and their audiences and the extent to which a new form of collaborative journalism is emerging. The findings illustrate that audience participation is on the increase and the role of the journalist is changing but traditional notions of gatekeeping remain partially in-tact. Furthermore due to the commercial constraints faced by the newspapers the potential for audience participation to enhance participation for democratic purposes is limited. Economic restrictions are ultimately holding back collaborative journalism and creating an environment where there are confused and contradictory notions of what the role of a journalist is within Web 2.0. This thesis concludes that with better resources, a clear strategy and independence to innovate, journalists would be able to facilitate audience participation for non-economic purposes to create better journalism which could in turn enlighten and educate their readers and enable them to reach mutual understanding of the common good.

During the 1970s and 1980s, many viewers in both developed and developing countries found themselves able to receive new television channels, whether from near neighbours or via satellite from further a field. The public service broadcasters have inevitably been affected by the arrival and the activities of the new private-sector media. The arrival of the private channels played a role in many things in our life as people, and brought many problems to the governments especially in Asia and the Arab World. This study illuminates the various issues involved in this problem, focusing especially on the U.K. [BBC], Asia [China & India], and the Arab world [Saudi Arabia]. The quality of the news service on Saudi Television has been characterised by poor quality and has failed to satisfy Saudi viewers as indicated by some of the previous studies carried out during the years 1982, 1983, and 1987. At that time satellite broadcasting was still at its embryonic stage and Saudi viewers had no alternative available to them but since 1991 they started to receive broadcasts from a number of Arab and non-Arab satellite channels and this has increased the choices available to them. With the appearance of specialised satellite news channels the demand for stronger television news service became even more important, both at the official and national levels, in order to follow up what goes on in the world. The researcher conducted fieldwork study in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and London during the period from 15/01/2000 to 15/3/2000. This study of seven chapters is divided into four parts. The first part explores the views and impression of Saudi viewers about the quality of the news service of channel one of Saudi television and the three satellite channels under the study [Al-Jazeera, MBC, ANN], For this reason, the researcher interviewed eight groups of 48 persons [male & female] from the Saudi audience [(1) academics (2) officials) males (3) academics (4) doctors) females (5) King Saud University students (6) Imam Bin Saud University students (7) farmers and sales merchants (8) unemployed and uneducated) males]. The second part ascertains the news agenda and type of production in each of the four stations. A content analysis of a total of 497 news stories or the total production of the four stations in the week 12/2/2000 and ending 18/2/2000 was undertaken. The third part deals with the news department itself on the four stations, and how they work from the organisation, management, strategy and the employees. For this reason, the researcher interviewed the news makers [twenty persons]. The final part in this study was how can Saudi Television compete with satellite channels, for this reason, the researcher put forward some suggestions in the hope that may contribute to the development of the Saudi media work in general and television news service in particular [chapter 7]. What was found about the Saudi viewers is that they are dissatisfied with the Saudi Television news and they prefer the news service of the other channels under study. And we found the causes of the prevailing shortages and weaknesses in Saudi Television news service [Channel One] into factors related to: 1. - Elements and stages of news service production in Saudi television. 2. -News service management. 3. - Employees of news service sector.

No description available.

This submission explores tensions in the (Gansian) 'news values' evident in the working practice and outputs of online and data visual journalists; caught between discourses of 'tabloidization' and 'the forth estate' ideal.

No description available.

This study presents an analysis of misrepresentation and construction of meaning in the translation of news texts in the English and Russian news media. The texts analysed are published online by the U.S. and Russian media. They discuss events in contexts of sociopolitical instability, military conflict and intervention, including: military intervention in Georgia (2008), humanitarian intervention and socio-political instability in Somalia (2011 and 2012) and military conflict as well as socio-political instability in Afghanistan (2010 and 2012). This research has three main aims. The first is to examine the ways in which ideological representation is (re-)constructed in the shift between source/s and translated news texts. This is conducted through the analysis of individual linguistic choices. The second and overlapping aim is to investigate the relationship between translated target news texts and their potential source texts in the context of the issue of source-target relationship in the area of news translation. The final aim is to assess the applicability of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (SFL) to translated Russian news texts in contrast to their potential sources. This is in order to analyse the ideology of representation constructed in translated Russian news texts and examine cases of misrepresentation of sources. This thesis discusses the production of global media in the context of conflict as well as strategies of news media production. Key categories and components of the theory of SFL are discussed in order to suggest an adaptation of the SFL model of analysis which can be applied to the corpus of the news texts and their translations in the online media. These key categories include: thematic and transitivity structure, modality and context. The SFL model is applied to the textual analysis of news texts in the form of case studies in order to examine individual linguistic choices – choices of lexicogrammar in the immediate linguistic as well as a wider socio-political context. Choices of lexicogrammar are interpreted with regard to the particular socio-political context of each political or military event discussed. Six stages of analysis are identified: structure analysis, context analysis, thematic structure analysis, transitivity structure analysis, modality and interpretation/evaluation of results. The analysis is applied to a corpus of twenty news texts drawn from the online media. 3 The results of the analysis indicate that SFL can be applied effectively to the analysis of translated news texts and their potential sources, in English as well as in Russian. The results also show that potential sources are often misrepresented. The suggestion arising from this is that both the question of source-target relationship and the issue of equivalence in news translation, although problematic, may be successfully investigated, in contrast to what has previously been suggested in the area of news translation analysis. The study indicates that there are differences in the constructed ideologies of both representation and meanings in the analysed news texts. The general conclusion of the analysis with regard to constructed ideologies of representation is that national interests, existing stereotypes, policies and practices are reinforced through translation. In the context of news translation the study addresses and illustrates a range of relevant and problematic issues. It also adds to the research related to contexts of political discourse by analysing three contexts of conflict and intervention. The current situation of instability in the region and Russia’s military intervention in Ukraine (similar to the one in Georgia in 2008) contribute to the topicality and importance of the questions of representation and construction of meaning through translation in the media presented in this research. The results of the analysis indicate the need for further research based on a larger corpus of news texts. It is also suggested that further analysis may incorporate the readers’ response as a criterion for evaluation of constructed ideology of representation in the respective contexts of news production.

This thesis examines forty-five years ofnewsreel production of items in and about Ireland. It also attempts to address discrepancies in cataloguing material related to Ireland by correctly identifying conficting data from the main sources of information currently available to academic researchers. A result of the thesis has been the provision of reports to each of the relevant archives on difficulties with their online systems or catalaoguing data as well as general recommendations for further collaboration between archives to address these challenges. This research project also seeks to bring into the public domain a large amount offootage which has been neglected in archives and has not been made accessible in the burgeoning digitization which has become a major part of the field of newsreel research.The bulk ofthis thesis is concerned with the representation of Ireland and Irishness in three main historical periods - the turbulent 'partition' era (1910-23), the mofe peaceful1930s and the Second World War (1939-45). This research investigates how north and south were conceptualized differently for cinema audiences, with the creation of an industrially powerful, masculine urban north in opposition to a rural, backward and feminine south. It also considers the newsreels' relationship with the Irish, Northern Irish and British governments in the ongoing propaganda war to construct the 'Ireland' which matched each government's ideological leanings.