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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The essential elements of taubah in the writings of al-Ghazālī /

Arokiasamy, Lourduraj. January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
12

The essential elements of taubah in the writings of al-Ghazālī /

Arokiasamy, Lourduraj January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
13

An evaluation of the Qūt al-qulūb of Al-Makkī with an annotated translation of his Kitāb Al-Tawba

Amin, W. Mohammed Azam ibn Mohammed January 1991 (has links)
This thesis seeks to study in depth the contribution to Sufism made by the little-known 4th/10th century figure Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī. The first chapter deals with an analysis of the life and works of al-Makkī against the background of the religious milieu of his time. A major section of the thesis (the second and third chapters) provides for the first time in English a translation of the Kitāb al-tawba of al-Makkī. The fourth chapter assesses the originality of al-Makkī's Kitāb al-tawba and compares it with similar Ṣūfī works of the period. The fifth chapter attempts to compare and contrast al-Makkī and al-Ghazālī's approach to Sufism through an analysis of their respective Kitāb al-tawba. It has long been known that in his work on Sufism, al-Ghazālī depended very heavily upon al-Makkī. This thesis conclusively proves this dependence whilst pointing to the more sophisticated presentation of al-Ghazālī. Al-Makkī is shown to have been one of the early Ṣūfī figures who tried to harmonise the views of the Baṣran and Baghdād Ṣūfī groups and to effect a synthesis between moderate Sufism and the Sharī'a.
14

A critical and annotated translation of the chapters on divine predicates and their properties in al-Iqtiṣād fi-l-iʻtiqād of Imām al-Ghazālī /

Abū Zayd, ʻAbdu-r-Raḥmān. January 1968 (has links)
The problem of Divine Attributes had been one of the most central issues in the theological disuussions of the Muslims over which (along with other issues) the world of Islam was divided into numerous sects. In the present study we have tried to look at the problem through the discussions of al-Ghazali who is the most representative of orthodox Islam. Indeed, until the coming of al-Ghazâli in the 11th and l2th centuries no serious thinker after al-Ashtari was able to challenge the Muctazilah sect over the matters of creed. The core of this thesis is the translation of the part pertinent to the problems of Divine Attributes in his book Al-Iqtisad fil Iticad which he hlmself considered the most authoritative statement on the creed. While translating we showed the variations among the different manuscripts; thus our translation, we hope, also bears the characteristics of an edition critique. In order to make our rendering of al-Ghazâli intelligible, an attempt has been made to elucidate the method employed by al-Ghazâli. Our purpose, besides studying al-Ghazâli has been to show also the development of the theological thinking, both historically and philosophically, around the problem of Divine Attributes; thus we hope to have offered a better understanding of al-Ghazali, the philosopher-theologian, and also to have looked into the problem in a general and comprehensive way.
15

Al-Ghazālī and quantum physics : a comparative analysis of the seventeenth discussion of Tahāfut al-Falāsifa and quantum theory

Devji, Ümit Yoksuloglu January 2003 (has links)
This thesis compares the concepts presented in the Seventeenth Discussion of al-Ghazali's Tahafut al-Falasifa with concepts currently being discussed in the field of quantum physics. Written as an attack on the neo-Platonic and Aristotelian thinking which challenged the orthodox theology of Medieval Islam, Tahafut al-Falasifa (Incoherence of the Philosophers) questions the understanding of physical reality forwarded by the philosophers of al-Ghazali's times. The Seventeenth Discussion ('On causality and miracles') in particular, with its aim of proving the possibility of miracles, questions the acceptance of notions such as necessary causality and the validity of scientific observation in the natural world. / Although several scholars have examined al-Ghazali's argument in the Seventeenth Discussion in terms of causality, observation and the nature of human conceptions of physical reality, and many others have noted the implicit potential connections between quantum theory and concepts of religiosity, only one, Karen Harding, has attempted a synthesis of the ideas put forth within these two seemingly diverse subjects. This thesis, then, carries forward from the ideas of Harding and attempts an original comparative analysis of the two. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
16

The philosophical achievement of Ghazali

Goodman, Lenn Evan January 1968 (has links)
No description available.
17

The spiritual life from the perspectives of Islam and Christianity : the stages of the spiritual life in the teachings of al-Ghazālī and St. Teresa of Ávila

Christensen, Linda January 1987 (has links)
In this thesis I attempt to illustrate that there is common ground between Christianity and Islam in the area of spirituality. The procedure taken is one of describing the spiritual path from the perspectives of al-Ghazālī (d. 1111) and St. Teresa of Ávila (d. 1582) in a comparative manner. The three-fold categorization of the spiritual path as consisting of the stages of purgation, illumination, and union, is used to provide the format for this comparison. Chapter one deals with biographical material and historical contexts, noting similarities in their experiences, contexts, and contributions. Chapter two discusses the beginning stage of the spiritual path — purgation — dealing with the requirements of renunciation of the world and of one's self, repentance and the battle of the spirit with and victory over the flesh. The next stage — illumination — comprises chapter three. Here it is seen how the purgation of the self from all vice is a prerequisite to receiving divine manifestations to the soul. The roles of prayer, obedience, and the cultivation of virtues are discussed. Union, the final stage, is dealt with in chapter four. The meaning of union is discussed, including its various degrees, and how the mystic is consequently transformed. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the previous chapters. It is seen that there is a great deal of commonality in the teachings of al-Ghazālī and St. Teresa; but differences also arise marking their spiritualities as being uniquely Muslim and Christian, respectively. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate
18

Al-Ghazālī and quantum physics : a comparative analysis of the seventeenth discussion of Tahāfut al-Falāsifa and quantum theory

Devji, Ümit Yoksuloglu January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
19

High Magnetic Field Properties of Fe-pnictide Thin Films

Kurth, Fritz 08 December 2015 (has links) (PDF)
The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in Fe-based materials triggered worldwide efforts to investigate their fundamental properties. Despite a lot of similarities to cuprates and MgB2, important differences like near isotropic behaviour in contrast to cuprates and the peculiar pairing symmetry of the order parameter (OP) have been reported. The OP symmetry of Fe-based superconductors (FBS) was theoretically predicted to be of so-called s± state prior to various experimental works. Still, most of the experimental results favour the s± scenario; however, definitive evidence has not yet been reported. Although no clear understanding of the superconducting mechanisms yet exists, potential applications such as high-field magnets and Josephson devices have been explored. Indeed, a lot of reports about FBS tapes, wires, and even SQUIDs have been published to this date. In this thesis, the feasibility of high-field magnet applications of FBS is addressed by studying their transport properties, involving doped BaFe2As2 (Ba-122) and LnFeAs(O,F) [Ln=Sm and Nd]. Particularly, it is important to study physical properties in a sample form (i.e. thin films) that is close to the conditions found in applications. However, the realisation of epitaxial FBS thin films is not an easy undertaking. Recent success in growing epitaxial FBS thin films opens a new avenue to delve into transport critical current measurements. The information obtained through this research will be useful for exploring high-field magnet applications. This thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter 1 describes the motivation of this study, the basic background of superconductivity, and a brief summary of the thin film growth of FBS. Chapter 2 describes experimental methods employed in this study. Chapter 3 reports on the fabrication of Co-doped Ba-122 thin films on various substrates. Particular emphasis lies on the discovery of fluoride substrates to be beneficial for epitaxy without compromising superconducting properties. It is worth mentioning, that a world record Tc of 28 K for Co-doped Ba-122 thin films is reported here. Chapter 4 describes high-field transport properties (up to dc 35 T) of epitaxial P-doped Ba-122 thin films prepared by MBE. Among the FBS, P-doped Ba-122 shows very high transport critical current densities, although the Tc is lower than for LnFeAs(O,F)[Ln=Sm and Nd]. Additionally, the film is microstructurally clean. These high Jc values are due to a high vortex line energy. Chapter 5 deals with transport properties of epitaxial SmFeAs(O,F) thin films. In the course of this work, a dc 45 T magnet has been used within collaboration with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Tallahassee, FL, USA. SmFeAs(O,F) thin films have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The investigated film shows a very high transport critical current density (Jc) of over 105 A/cm2 at 45T and 4.2K for both main crystallographic directions, which features favourable for high-field magnet applications. Additionally, by investigating the pinning properties, a dimensional crossover between the superconducting coherence length and the FeAs interlayer distance at 30-40K was observed. Chapter 6 reports on high-field transport properties of NdFeAs(O,F) thin films prepared by MBE. In this case, the transition from Abrikosov to Josephson vortices was observed around 20-30K. Additionally, the angular Jc data were scaled with the anisotropic GinzburgLandau approach. The obtained parameters at given temperature are observed to increase with decreasing temperature, which is different from Co-doped Ba-122. Chapter 7 summarises this work. / Die kürzliche Entdeckung von Hochtemperatur-Supraleitung in Fe-basierten Materialien löste weltweite Bemühungen aus, deren grundlegende Eigenschaften zu untersuchen. Neben vielen Gemeinsamkeiten mit den Kupraten und MgB2 sind wichtige Unterschiede wie nahezu isotropes Verhalten (im Gegensatz zu den Kupraten) und eine auffällige Paarungssymmetrie des Ordnungsparameters (OP) berichtet worden. Die OP-Symmetrie der Fe-basierten Supraleiter (FBS) wurde theoretisch als s± berechnet, noch bevor experimentelle Versuche unternommen wurden. Derzeit favorisieren experimentelle Ergebnisse das s±-Szenario, dennoch gibt es noch keine definitiven Nachweise. Obwohl noch kein komplettes Verständnis des supraleitenden Mechanismus existiert, wurden schon potentielle Anwendungen wie Josephson-Elemente und Hochfeldmagnete erforscht. In der Tat erschienen zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen über supraleitende Kabel, Bänder und auch SQUIDs. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Durchführbarkeit von Hochfeld-Anwendungen durch die Untersuchung der Transporteigenschaften von FBS, namentlich Ba-122 und LnFeAs(O,F)[Ln=Sm und Nd]. Es ist von großer Wichtigkeit, die physikalischen Eigenschaften in einer Probenform zu untersuchen, die der Form in Anwendungen nahekommt (z.B. Dünnschichten), um dieselben Rahmenbedingungen vorgeben zu können. Es ist jedoch nicht einfach, epitaktische FBS Dünnschichten zu realisieren. Kürzlich gewonnene Erkenntnisse in der Herstellung von epitaktischen FBS-Dünnschichten ermöglichen nun ein tieferes Eindringen in die Transporteigenschaften. Die in diesen Untersuchungen gewonnenen Informationen stellen somit wichtige Argumente in der Diskussion um Hochfeld Anwendungen dar. Diese Arbeit besteht aus sieben Kapiteln: Kapitel 1 beinhaltet die Motivation dieser Arbeit, die Grundlagen der Supraleitung und eine kurze Zusammenstellung der bisherigen Arbeiten zur Dünnschichtherstellung von FBS. Kapitel 2 beschreibt experimentelle Methoden, die im Zuge dieser Arbeit verwendet wurden. Kapitel 3 berichtet von der Herstellung Co-dotierter Ba-122 Dünnschichten (Co-Ba-122) auf verschiedenen Fluoridsubstraten. Dabei wurde Augenmerk darauf gelegt, neben einem verbesserten epitaktischen Wachstum der Dünnschichten die supraleitenden Eigenschaften nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Anzumerken ist, dass in diesem Rahmen Tc-Rekord-Werte von 28 K in Co-Ba-122 erzielt werden konnten. Kapitel 4 beschreibt die Hochfeld-Transporteigenschaften epitaktisch gewachsener P-dotierter Ba-122 Dünnschichten, die durch MBE hergestellt wurden. Unter den FBS zeigt P-dotiertes Ba-122 enorm hohe kritische Transport-Stromdichten, obwohl das Tc niedriger ist als bei LnFeAs(O,F)[Ln=Sm und Nd]. Der Grund dafür konnte in der hohen Flusslinienkern-Energie des P-dotierten Ba-122 ermittelt werden. Kapitel 5 behandelt Transporteigenschaften von epitaktisch gewachsenen SmFeAs(O,F)-Dünnschichten. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde ein dc-45 T-Hochfeldmagnet in Zusammenarbeit mit dem National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida, USA, genutzt. SmFeAs(O,F)-Dünnschichten wurden mit dem Molekularstrahl-Verfahren (MBE) hergestellt. Die Schichten zeigen sehr hohe kritische Transport-Stromdichten (Jc) von über 105 A/cm2 bei 45 T und 4.2 K für beide kristallographische Hauptrichtungen, parallel zur c-Achse und in der ab-Ebene. Diese Ergebnisse sehen sehr verheißungsvoll für eine Verwendung in Hochfeld-Anwendungen aus. Zusätzlich konnte durch die Untersuchung der Pinning-Eigenschaften ein Dimensionsübergang zwischen supraleitender Kohärenzlänge und FeAs-Ebenenabstand im Bereich 30-40 K beobachtet werden. Kapitel 6 berichtet über die Hochfeld-Transporteigenschaften von NdFeAs(O,F)-Dünnschichten, die mithilfe des MBE-Verfahrens hergestellt wurden. In diesem Falle konnte ein Ubergang von Abrikosov- zu Josephson-Flusslinien im Temperaturbereich 20-30 K beobachtet werden. Zusätzlich konnte die winkelabhängige kritische Stromdichte mit dem anisotropen Ginzburg-Landau-Ansatz skaliert werden. Die erhaltenen Parameter für verschiedene Temperaturen steigen mit fallender Temperatur. Dieses Verhalten ist gegensätzlich zu dem in Co-dotiertem Ba-122 gefundenen. Kapitel 7 gibt eine Zusammenfassung dieser Arbeit.
20

High Magnetic Field Properties of Fe-pnictide Thin Films

Kurth, Fritz 20 November 2015 (has links)
The recent discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in Fe-based materials triggered worldwide efforts to investigate their fundamental properties. Despite a lot of similarities to cuprates and MgB2, important differences like near isotropic behaviour in contrast to cuprates and the peculiar pairing symmetry of the order parameter (OP) have been reported. The OP symmetry of Fe-based superconductors (FBS) was theoretically predicted to be of so-called s± state prior to various experimental works. Still, most of the experimental results favour the s± scenario; however, definitive evidence has not yet been reported. Although no clear understanding of the superconducting mechanisms yet exists, potential applications such as high-field magnets and Josephson devices have been explored. Indeed, a lot of reports about FBS tapes, wires, and even SQUIDs have been published to this date. In this thesis, the feasibility of high-field magnet applications of FBS is addressed by studying their transport properties, involving doped BaFe2As2 (Ba-122) and LnFeAs(O,F) [Ln=Sm and Nd]. Particularly, it is important to study physical properties in a sample form (i.e. thin films) that is close to the conditions found in applications. However, the realisation of epitaxial FBS thin films is not an easy undertaking. Recent success in growing epitaxial FBS thin films opens a new avenue to delve into transport critical current measurements. The information obtained through this research will be useful for exploring high-field magnet applications. This thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter 1 describes the motivation of this study, the basic background of superconductivity, and a brief summary of the thin film growth of FBS. Chapter 2 describes experimental methods employed in this study. Chapter 3 reports on the fabrication of Co-doped Ba-122 thin films on various substrates. Particular emphasis lies on the discovery of fluoride substrates to be beneficial for epitaxy without compromising superconducting properties. It is worth mentioning, that a world record Tc of 28 K for Co-doped Ba-122 thin films is reported here. Chapter 4 describes high-field transport properties (up to dc 35 T) of epitaxial P-doped Ba-122 thin films prepared by MBE. Among the FBS, P-doped Ba-122 shows very high transport critical current densities, although the Tc is lower than for LnFeAs(O,F)[Ln=Sm and Nd]. Additionally, the film is microstructurally clean. These high Jc values are due to a high vortex line energy. Chapter 5 deals with transport properties of epitaxial SmFeAs(O,F) thin films. In the course of this work, a dc 45 T magnet has been used within collaboration with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory at Tallahassee, FL, USA. SmFeAs(O,F) thin films have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The investigated film shows a very high transport critical current density (Jc) of over 105 A/cm2 at 45T and 4.2K for both main crystallographic directions, which features favourable for high-field magnet applications. Additionally, by investigating the pinning properties, a dimensional crossover between the superconducting coherence length and the FeAs interlayer distance at 30-40K was observed. Chapter 6 reports on high-field transport properties of NdFeAs(O,F) thin films prepared by MBE. In this case, the transition from Abrikosov to Josephson vortices was observed around 20-30K. Additionally, the angular Jc data were scaled with the anisotropic GinzburgLandau approach. The obtained parameters at given temperature are observed to increase with decreasing temperature, which is different from Co-doped Ba-122. Chapter 7 summarises this work. / Die kürzliche Entdeckung von Hochtemperatur-Supraleitung in Fe-basierten Materialien löste weltweite Bemühungen aus, deren grundlegende Eigenschaften zu untersuchen. Neben vielen Gemeinsamkeiten mit den Kupraten und MgB2 sind wichtige Unterschiede wie nahezu isotropes Verhalten (im Gegensatz zu den Kupraten) und eine auffällige Paarungssymmetrie des Ordnungsparameters (OP) berichtet worden. Die OP-Symmetrie der Fe-basierten Supraleiter (FBS) wurde theoretisch als s± berechnet, noch bevor experimentelle Versuche unternommen wurden. Derzeit favorisieren experimentelle Ergebnisse das s±-Szenario, dennoch gibt es noch keine definitiven Nachweise. Obwohl noch kein komplettes Verständnis des supraleitenden Mechanismus existiert, wurden schon potentielle Anwendungen wie Josephson-Elemente und Hochfeldmagnete erforscht. In der Tat erschienen zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen über supraleitende Kabel, Bänder und auch SQUIDs. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Durchführbarkeit von Hochfeld-Anwendungen durch die Untersuchung der Transporteigenschaften von FBS, namentlich Ba-122 und LnFeAs(O,F)[Ln=Sm und Nd]. Es ist von großer Wichtigkeit, die physikalischen Eigenschaften in einer Probenform zu untersuchen, die der Form in Anwendungen nahekommt (z.B. Dünnschichten), um dieselben Rahmenbedingungen vorgeben zu können. Es ist jedoch nicht einfach, epitaktische FBS Dünnschichten zu realisieren. Kürzlich gewonnene Erkenntnisse in der Herstellung von epitaktischen FBS-Dünnschichten ermöglichen nun ein tieferes Eindringen in die Transporteigenschaften. Die in diesen Untersuchungen gewonnenen Informationen stellen somit wichtige Argumente in der Diskussion um Hochfeld Anwendungen dar. Diese Arbeit besteht aus sieben Kapiteln: Kapitel 1 beinhaltet die Motivation dieser Arbeit, die Grundlagen der Supraleitung und eine kurze Zusammenstellung der bisherigen Arbeiten zur Dünnschichtherstellung von FBS. Kapitel 2 beschreibt experimentelle Methoden, die im Zuge dieser Arbeit verwendet wurden. Kapitel 3 berichtet von der Herstellung Co-dotierter Ba-122 Dünnschichten (Co-Ba-122) auf verschiedenen Fluoridsubstraten. Dabei wurde Augenmerk darauf gelegt, neben einem verbesserten epitaktischen Wachstum der Dünnschichten die supraleitenden Eigenschaften nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Anzumerken ist, dass in diesem Rahmen Tc-Rekord-Werte von 28 K in Co-Ba-122 erzielt werden konnten. Kapitel 4 beschreibt die Hochfeld-Transporteigenschaften epitaktisch gewachsener P-dotierter Ba-122 Dünnschichten, die durch MBE hergestellt wurden. Unter den FBS zeigt P-dotiertes Ba-122 enorm hohe kritische Transport-Stromdichten, obwohl das Tc niedriger ist als bei LnFeAs(O,F)[Ln=Sm und Nd]. Der Grund dafür konnte in der hohen Flusslinienkern-Energie des P-dotierten Ba-122 ermittelt werden. Kapitel 5 behandelt Transporteigenschaften von epitaktisch gewachsenen SmFeAs(O,F)-Dünnschichten. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde ein dc-45 T-Hochfeldmagnet in Zusammenarbeit mit dem National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida, USA, genutzt. SmFeAs(O,F)-Dünnschichten wurden mit dem Molekularstrahl-Verfahren (MBE) hergestellt. Die Schichten zeigen sehr hohe kritische Transport-Stromdichten (Jc) von über 105 A/cm2 bei 45 T und 4.2 K für beide kristallographische Hauptrichtungen, parallel zur c-Achse und in der ab-Ebene. Diese Ergebnisse sehen sehr verheißungsvoll für eine Verwendung in Hochfeld-Anwendungen aus. Zusätzlich konnte durch die Untersuchung der Pinning-Eigenschaften ein Dimensionsübergang zwischen supraleitender Kohärenzlänge und FeAs-Ebenenabstand im Bereich 30-40 K beobachtet werden. Kapitel 6 berichtet über die Hochfeld-Transporteigenschaften von NdFeAs(O,F)-Dünnschichten, die mithilfe des MBE-Verfahrens hergestellt wurden. In diesem Falle konnte ein Ubergang von Abrikosov- zu Josephson-Flusslinien im Temperaturbereich 20-30 K beobachtet werden. Zusätzlich konnte die winkelabhängige kritische Stromdichte mit dem anisotropen Ginzburg-Landau-Ansatz skaliert werden. Die erhaltenen Parameter für verschiedene Temperaturen steigen mit fallender Temperatur. Dieses Verhalten ist gegensätzlich zu dem in Co-dotiertem Ba-122 gefundenen. Kapitel 7 gibt eine Zusammenfassung dieser Arbeit.

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