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Although these days, we can perceive the right for environmental information as something automated and quite natural in a democratic society, we must realize that it was far from it in the past. Hand in hand with the principle of secretiveness of state administration, the public had virtually no possibility to obtain information concerning not only the state of the environment but also general information concerning almost anything. It is not surprising after all because before 1989, neither the general right for information nor the right for environmental information were protected by law, less alone by the constitution. Nevertheless, the democratic changes which took place after the Velvet Revolution produced changes also in the field of the right for information and this right was, both generally - as a right for information, and specifically - as a right for environmental information, included in the legal regulation of the greatest legal force, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, which became a part of the constitutional order of the Czech Republic on the basis of the resolution of the Czech National Council presidium No. 2/1993 Coll. On the basis of its constitutional protection, the right for environmental information was provided for also by law (Act No. 123/1998 Coll.) and...

This thesis compares the environmental information systems and the providing of environmental information from the government institutions. The objective of this work is to analyze current information systems under the Integrated environmental information system (JISZP) and verify the hypothesis that all these information systems are integrated. The further goal is to prove whether or not the Act No. 123/1998 is fulfilled in practice. The first part contains an analysis of JISZP systems according to various criteria. The second part maps the legislation of information providing and verifies the compliance with the Law No. 123/1998. The final part contains an evaluation and recommendations for further action.

[pt] Por ser uma doença genética, resultado de uma mutação em um gene específico, que gera proteínas (CFTR) defeituosas, a Fibrose Cística é uma patologia difícil de ser tratada. Os custos para os tratamentos atualmente disponíveis são altos, sem os quais, porém, a gravidade da doença tende a crescer ainda mais. Por esse motivo, novos tratamentos farmacológicos vêm surgindo, como o Trikafta (marca registrada), uma combinação tripla de fármacos com ação sinérgica (elexacaftor, ivacaftor e tezacaftor). Porém, esse medicamento ainda não é disponível no Brasil e o acesso aos tratamentos, em geral, são onerosos. Sendo assim, este trabalho visa a síntese de compostos 1,2,3-triazóis, com possível atividade biológica frente a proteína CFTR, sugerida por ancoragem molecular. Este trabalho também visa selecionar as melhores moléculas quanto aos perfis farmacocinéticos e toxicológicos, avaliados por ferramentas computacionais como swissADME e VirtualToxLab, respectivamente. Dessa forma, a estratégia sintética para a obtenção dos compostos consiste em duas etapas sintéticas. A primeira, envolve a síntese da enaminona – (E)-3-(dimetilamino)acrilaldeido (3a-d) – por organocatálise, a partir de L-prolina e DMA-DMF (1,1-dimetoxi-N,N-dimetillmetanamina) (1). A segunda etapa inclui a reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar onpot entre as azidas (5a-h) e as enaminonas previamente obtidas. Assim, foi possível obter 1,2,3-triazóis 1,4-substituídos (6a-k), com rendimentos de 5 a 96 por cento. Dentre eles, a molécula 6k, N-(2-(1-(4-metoxifenil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-carbonil)fenil)acetamida), destacou-se quanto aos perfis toxicológicos e também pelos resultados observados nos estudos de ancoragem molecular. Os espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C RMN confirmaram a obtenção das estruturas. / [en] Because it is a genetic disease, the result of a mutation in a specific gene, which generates defective proteins (CFTR), Cystic Fibrosis is a pathology that is difficult to be treated. The costs for currently available treatments are high, without which, however, the severity of the disease tends to increase even more. For this reason, new pharmacological treatments are emerging, such as Trikafta (trademark), a triple combination of drugs with synergistic action (elexacaftor, ivacaftor and tezacaftor). However, this drug is not yet available in Brazil and access to treatments, in general, is expensive. Therefore, this work aims at the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds, with possible biological activity against the CFTR protein, proposed by molecular anchoring. This work also aims to select the best molecules in terms of pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles, evaluated by computational tools such as swissADME and VirtualToxpot, respectively. Thus, the synthetic strategy for obtaining the compounds consists of two synthetic steps. The first involves the synthesis of enaminone - (E)-3-(dimethylamino) acrylaldehyde (3a-d) - by organocatalysis, starting from L- proline and DMA-DMF (1,1-dimethoxy-N, N-dimethylmethanamine) (1). The second stage includes the 1,3-dipolar onpot cycloaddition reaction between the azides (5a-h) and the previously obtained enaminones. Thus, it was possible to obtain 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles (6a-k), with yields of 5 to 96 percent. Among them, the molecule 6k, N- (2- (1- (4-methoxyphenyl) -1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-carbonyl) phenyl) acetamide), stood out in terms of toxicological profiles and also by results observed in molecular anchorage studies. The 1H and 13C NMR NMR spectra confirmed the structures obtained.

Throughout the procreation sonnets and those numerous sonnets that promise immortality through verse for Shakespeare's beloved young man, the poet personifies time as an agent of relentlessly destructive change. Yet Shakespeare's approach to the personification of time, as well as his reactions to time, changes over the course of the sequence. He transforms his fear of and obsession with time as a destroyer typical of most sonnets to an attitude of mastery over the once ominous force. The act of contemplating time's power by personification provides the speaker with a deeper awareness of time, love, and mutability that allows him to form several new philosophies which resolve his fear. By the end of the sequence, the poet no longer fortifies himself and the beloved against time's devastation because his new outlook fosters an acceptance of time that opposes and thus negates his previous contention with this force.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido o método de padronização do 123I em sistema de coincidências 4π(X,A)-γ. O 123I foi produzido no cíclotron Cyclone-30 do IPEN CNEN/SP, por meio da irradiação do 124Xe. O 123I decai com uma meia vida de 13,22 horas pelo processo de captura eletrônica seguido da emissão de radiação gama. Foi aplicada a técnica de extrapolação linear da eficiência para determinação da atividade e para determinação do coeficiente de conversão interna total do nível de 159 keV, obtido a partir da inclinação da curva de extrapolação. A curva de extrapolação experimental foi comparada com a simulação de Monte Carlo, executada pelo código ESQUEMA. As fontes radioativas foram também medidas em um sistema de espectrometria de HPGe, a fim de determinar a probabilidade de emissão gama por decaimento para várias transições gama. Todas as incertezas envolvidas e suas correlações foram analisadas aplicando a metodologia de matriz de covariância e os parâmetros medidos foram comparados com os da literatura. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Die Medizintechnik Tiefe-Hirnstimulation ist nicht nur als naturwissenschaftlich-technisches Produkt zu sehen, sondern vor allem auch als kultur-technische Leistung mit historischen Wurzeln. Dieserart Schnittstellenhandlungen nehmen einen festen Platz in der Medizingeschichte ein und sind nicht losgelöst von dieser zu bestimmen. Ein- und zugreifende Praktiken wie Trepanationen und Schädelkulte sind vielfältig verankert und offenbaren einen menschheitsalten Wunsch nach Einflussnahme und Bemächtigung. Hierüber lässt sich der Mensch als verknüpf-, einstell- und gestaltbare Entität im Rahmen 'eutoper' Welt- und Technikbilder sowie deterministischer Menschenbilder darstellen. Mit der Integration aktiver, technischer Elemente in den menschlichen Körper verschieben wir die Grenzverläufe zwischen biologischen und artifiziellen Entitäten. Sowohl die Hardware-Software-Relationen als auch die Körper-Geist-Relationen unterliegen dabei Verknüpfungs- und Gestaltungsprozessen. Aus der Interaktion zwischen menschlichen und nicht-menschlichen Handlungsteilnehmern resultieren neuartige Wechselbeziehungen, welche unter Zuhilfenahme der Embodiment- und Embedded-Theorie nachgezeichnet werden. Den schwerwiegenden Aus- und Nebenwirkungen dieser Interkation wird mit einem empirischen Fallbeispiel nahegekommen. Dass diese Entwicklung hin zu einer konfigurierenden Gestaltungskultur risikobehaftet ist, wird unter Zuhilfenahme des Terminus 'Experimentalsystem' dargelegt. Dabei ist festzuhalten, dass die Tiefe-Hirnstimulation nicht trotz sondern wegen experimenteller Faktoren erfolgreich und faszinierend ist. Neurostimulationen in erster Linie als Konzept zu begreifen bedeutet, den Fokus auf kulturelle Anschichten und Handlungen zu lenken. In welchem Ausmaß wir zu ein- und zugreifenden Gestaltungen unserer Selbst bereit sind, hängt in letzter Konsequenz an unserem menschlichen Selbstverständnis. / Medical technology deep brain stimulation is not only a scientific and technical product, but also a cultural and technical achievement with historical roots. This kind of interface actions occupy a firm place in medical history and cannot be determined separately from it. Interfering practices such as trepanations and cults of the skull are rooted in many different ways and reveal an ancient human desire for influence and empowerment. In this way, man can be represented as a connectable, adjustable and configurable entity within the framework of 'eutoper' world and technology images as well as deterministic human images. By integrating active technical elements into the human body, we are shifting the boundaries between biological and artificial entities. Both the hardware-software-relations as well as the body-spirit-relations are subject to connection and design processes. The interaction between human and non-human action participants results in novel interrelationships, which are traced with the aid of the Embodiment and Embedded Theory. The serious side effects of this interaction are approached with an empirical case study. The fact that this development towards a configuring design culture entails risk is explained with the help of the term 'experimental system'. It should be noted that deep brain stimulation is successful and fascinating not despite but because of experimental factors. Understanding neurostimulation primarily as a concept means focusing on cultural strata and actions. The extent to which we are prepared to embrace and intervene in shaping ourselves depends ultimately on our human self-conception.

<p>We investigate some simulation-based approaches for the valuing of the employee stock options. The mathematical models that deal with valuation of such options include the work of Jennergren and Naeslund [L.P Jennergren and B. Naeslund, A comment on valuation of executive stock options and the FASB proposal, Accounting Review 68 (1993) 179-183]. They used the Black and Scholes [F. Black and M. Scholes, The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, Journal of Political Economy 81(1973) 637-659] and extended partial differential equation for an option that includes the early exercise. Some other major relevant works to this mini thesis are Hemmer et al. [T Hemmer, S. Matsunaga and T Shevlin, The influence of risk diversification on the early exercise of employee stock options by executive officers, Journal of Accounting and Economics 21(1) (1996) 45-68] and Baril et al. [C. Baril, L. Betancourt, J. Briggs, Valuing employee stock options under SFAS 123 R using the Black-Scholes-Merton and lattice model approaches, Journal of Accounting Education 25 (1-2) (2007) 88-101]. The underlying assets are studied under the GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) effects. Particular emphasis is made on the American style employee stock options.</p>