At the height of their popularity in the mid-nineteenth century, a vast transatlantic readership conferred on Longfellow and Tennyson the title "The People's Poet." This examination of Anglo-American Victorian poetry attempts to account for that phenomenon. A poetic work is first defined as an aesthetic experience that occurs within a triangular matrix of text, author, and reader. As reception theorist Hans Robert Jauss contends, both the creator's and the receptor's aesthetic experiences are filtered through a historically determined "horizon of expectations" that governs popular appeal. A historical account of the publication and promotion of Longfellow's and Tennyson's poetry provides empirical evidence for how and why their poetic texts appealed to a widespread readership. This account is followed by an analysis of the class and gender of Victorian readers of poetry that considers the role of "consumers" in the production of both poetry and poetic personae as commodities for public consumption. The development of each poet's voice is then examined in a context of a gendered "separate-sphere" ideology to explain how both Longfellow's and Tennyson's adoption of "feminine" cadences in their respective voices influenced the nineteenth-century reception of their work. The final two chapters analyze select texts—lyric and narrative—to determine reasons for their popular appeal in relation to the level of active reader engagement in the poetic experience. Through affective lyricism, as in Longfellow's "Psalm of Life" and Tennyson's "Break, break, break," these poets demanded that their readers listen; through sentiment transformed into domestic allegory, as in Miles Standish and Enoch Arden, these poets demanded further that they feel. While both Victorian poets were later decanonized by their modern successors, contemporary critics, mainly academic, have restored Tennyson to the literary canon while relegating Longfellow to a second-rate schoolroom status. The conclusion speculates on the possible reasons underlying the disparate reputations assigned to the two poets, both of whom, during their lifetimes, shared equally the fame and fortune that attended their role as "The People's Voice." / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this thesis is to consider the extent to which Edgar Allan Poe’s literary thought influenced Charles Baudelaire, Chapter one will explain when and how Baudelaire became acquainted with the works of the American writer. It will be seen that from his first readings of Poe, the Frenchman was profoundly moved; he felt that he had discovered a “frère spiritual." Baudelaire devoted almost seventeen years to the task of finding out all he could about Poe, writing articles about him and translating many of his works, the latter resulting in what is often considered to be one of the finest translations in literature. In chapter two it will be noted that there were many biographical affinities between the two writers, but that Baudelaire, in his articles on Poe, often emphasized the similarities and alluded only briefly to some of the basic differences. This can be explained by the fact that the French poet was determined that he and Poe should resemble each other. However, if the biographical similarities are often exaggerated by Baudelaire, the esthetic and artistic affinities offer a far more solid basis for comparison. Indeed, as chapter three will attempt to show, both poets shared many of the same precepts governing poetry, such as the ideal length of a poem, the role of music in verse, and the primordial importance of poetry in the life of man. Early critics tended to attribute these similarities to Poe's influence on Baudelaire. Nowadays, however, scholars tend more to ascribe this somewhat unique literary phenomenon to common influences working independently on the two poets. The general consensus is that Baudelaire's esthetic and artistic outlook was almost completely formed before he became acquainted with Poe's works. A chronological examination of some of the Frenchman's poems would appear to corroborate this theory. On the other hand, there are a number of poems which Baudelaire dedicated to a certain Madame Sabatier, in which may be seen ideas, images and even complete phrases which resemble Poe to such a degree that one is all but forced to conclude that they must result from Baudelaire's familiarity with the American's works. Chapter four discusses some of5ssthe more outstanding similarities which occur in this group, known as the "cycle de Madame Sabatier." In conclusion, it may be said that, with the exception of the Sabatier poems, Poe did not transform Baudelaire's fundamental literary outlook and added nothing to his genius. On the other hand, and of the utmost importance in a man of Baudelaire's somewhat unstable make-up, the Frenchman saw in his idol a kind of vindication of his own ideals and derived from him a certain faith in the value of his own genius. Approved as abstract: / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Though it is not certain to what extent Gogol was familiar with Dante, it appears he may have regarded Dead Souls I (1842) as the first part of a tripartite scheme in light of La Divina Commedia. Interestingly, the foundations for such a scheme can be found in Gogol's first major publication, Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka (1831-1832) and, in the prose fiction and plays of 1835-1836, a definite pattern is revealed. The pattern that evolved in the works of this period involves the emergence of a demonic element which shatters any illusion of a Paradise which may have been established previously. Consequently, one is then drawn down through the awakenings of conscience - Purgatory and, finally, to realization in the Inferno. The inversion of the Dante scheme which takes place, results in a "commedia del demonio". This "commedia" is particularly significant for both interpreting Gogol's works and for understanding the author himself. It forms a bridge between Gogol's early comic-gothic tales in Evenings and the mature style and humour of Dead Souls. Equally important is the fact that correlations with the literary devices and the religious thought of Dante's time can also be seen. Such works as "Old World Landowners" (Mirgorod, 1835), "Viy" (Mireorod, 1835), "Nevsky Prospekt" (Arabesques, 1835) and the play The Government Inspector (performed in 1836) are especially representative of Nikolai Gogol's "commedia del demonio", and therefore form an integral part to this study. In connection with these and other works, certain links concerning the literary and historical heritage, and personal spirituality which exist between Gogol and Dante as reflected in both their own life and works will be examined as well. Thus the "commedia" scheme, and ultimately, Gogol as a writer of the human "soul" may be better understood. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Edgar Salvadori De Decca / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T22:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gallo_IvoneCeciliad'Avila_D.pdf: 17430302 bytes, checksum: c5d8c33ad605f3c121b4dfa8fdd25b26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Na França do século XIX, nasciam um movimento de idéias e um movimento social dotados de novas características. Os pensadores sociais, Saint Simon, Charles Fourier e Cabet introduziam, corno matéria para a reflexão, os problemas sociais, evidenciados por um movimento social que contestava o modelo econômico e político fundado no sistema industrial. O surgimento de uma preocupação com a indigência, o desemprego, a opressão da mulher e da criança, a exploração do trabalhio, bem como a proposição de soluções a estes problemas, foram as contribuições legadas por estes pensadores e que, por outro lado, retomaram para a sociedade, imprimindo ao nascente movimento operário uma marca forte. A idéia de transformar o mundo a partir do estabelecimento de falanstérios, de acordo com os princípios de Charles Fourier, apossara-se de parte do movimento operário e, em pouco tempo, assistia-se à emigração de operários franceses rumo às Américas, com o fim de implantar colônias societárias. O assunto desta tese é o movimento fourierista na França e a fundação de um falanstério no Saí (SC), em 1840, como primeira experiência das idéias de Fourier realizada fora do continente europeu. Deste ensaio teria brotado, no Rio de Janeiro, um movimento fourierista brasileiro, ainda que de pouco alcance / Abstract: In nineteenth-century France, a current of ideas and a social movement bearing new features were bom. Social theorists, such as Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier and Etienne Cabet, introduced as matter for reflection social problems, brought to evidence by a social movement, which contested the economic and polítical model founded in the industrial system. The rising of concern with the outcasts, unemployment, oppression on women and children, labor exploitation, but also with the proposal of solutions for these problems were the contributions legated by these social theorists, that in the other hand, returned to society, establishing a strong brand on the early labor movement. The idea of world transformation through the establishment of phalansteries, according to the principles of Charles Fourier, gained a part of the labor movement, and, shortly afier, French workers emigrated to the Americas, with the aim of creating societarian colonies. The subject of this thesis is the Fourierist movement in France and the foundation in 1840 of a phalanstery at Saí (Province of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil), as the first experiment of Fourier's ideas out of continental Europe. Out of this essay rose, at Rio de Janeiro, a Brazilian Fourierist movement, that nevertheless attained a limited influence / Doutorado / Doutor em História

Orientador: Yara Frateschi Vieira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T07:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abaurre_MariaLuizaMarques_M.pdf: 5360910 bytes, checksum: f9c3d6cf3762f54e4da6e93c50a0c136 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: Não tem resumo na obra impressa. Base IEL resumo: Leitura comparativa de duas refacções da matéria de Bretanha produzidas no século XIX: Idylls of the King, de Alfred Tennyson, e A Connecticut Yankec in King Arthur's Court, de Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain). O interesse em um estudo comparativo das duas obras é grande, uma vez que, tendo utilizado o mesmo texto como fonte básica para suas refacções - Le Morte D'Arthur (Thomas Malory) -, Tennyson e Clemens produziram obras profundamente diferentes, tanto na abordagem quanto no tratamento da matéria de Bretanha. Da comparação feita entre as alterações promovidas por um e outro autor, ao trabalharem com o texto de Malory, é delineado um interessante quadro histórico-social, bem como são levantadas algumas hipóteses relativas à manutenção do interesse literário por histórias de natureza arturiana / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Teoria Literaria / Mestre em Letras

This study traces archetypal images in selected prose fiction by Edgar Allan Poe and shows his consistent use of such imagery throughout his career, and outlines the archetypal images that Poe uses repeatedly throughout his works: the death of the beautiful woman, death and resurrection, the hero's journey to the underworld, and the quest for forbidden knowledge. The study examines Poe's use of myth to establish and uphold archetypal patterns. Poe's goal when crafting his works was the creation of a single specified effect, and to create his effects, he used the materials at hand. Some of these materials came from his own subconscious; however, a greater portion came from a lifetime of study and his own understanding of the connections between myth and archetypal images.

This thesis is focused on the motivations and influences on the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. Poe's work and letters are used to support the hypothesis that his work resulted from a desire to be recognized.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to analyze for reasons of interpretation the unaccompanied choral music of Felix Mendelssohn. What are the stylistic characteristics in each of the compositions selected for examination in this study? What comparisons and conclusions based on the analyses can be made concerning the character of compositional style in Felix Mendelssohn's unaccompanied choral music? What conclusions can be made concerning the interpretation of Felix Mendelssohn's unaccompanied choral music based on the compositional style of his music and an understanding of his musical attributes?