Orientador : Angelo Pires do Prado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T03:12:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Avancini_RitaMariaPereira_M.pdf: 3969485 bytes, checksum: a69e9c937e04cea1b5e8f1041b1f12eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 1984 / Resumo: Neste estudo foram investigados alguns aspectos básicos da biologia reprodutiva de C. putoria mosca varejeira, da família Calliphoridae, de introdução recente no Brasil. As moscas foram mantidas em gaiolas de criação sob dieta padrão composta por fígado bovino cru (3 horas/dia) e água à vontade. Constatou-se que são necessários, no mínimo 6 dias para que as fêmeas tenham seus folículos ovarianos totalmente desenvolvidos o que ocorre de maneira sincrôni-ca. Este desenvolvimento é possível quando a fêmea recebe dieta protéica adequada, pois do contrário não se inicia a deposição de vitelo nos folículos. Portanto, sob dieta constituída por açúcar e água, C. putoria manifestou-se como a nautógena. Porém, mesmo após um período prolongado sob dieta aproteica, C. putoria manteve seu potencial reprodutivo, pois desenvolveu normalmente os folículos quando passou ter acesso ao fígado.Esta espécie foi capaz de desenvolver os folículos da segunda camada mesmo quando os primeiros não tinham ainda sido ovipostos, multiplicando dessa forma o mero de ovos a ser deixados numa postura. Os fatos acima mencionados podem ter uma ampla repercussão nas populações naturais, pois se aí também ocorrerem, sabemos que: em ausência de matéria orgânica protéica, as fêmeas não desenvolvem ovos, mas que quando o alimento volta a existir, o processo é retomado e, conseqüentemente, novos indivíduos surgirão; além disto, em ausência de condições ideais para oviposição, o estoque dos folícu-los maduros irá sendo multiplicado. Os ovários são do tipo meroístico politrófico contando em média com 76 folículos por ovário. Existem 15 células tróficas por folículo e o núcleo destas pode apresentar uma ploidia final de até 13 vezes a inicial. estimativa feita a partir das áreas das projeções dos núcleos obtidas de montagem total com coloração de Feulgen. No início do processo de multiplicação desse material nuclear são visíveis cromossomos politênicos típicos. Esses núcleos a-presentam um corpúsculo de DNA bastante evidente o qual não encontramos descrito para outras espécies da família. C putoria apresenta desenvolvimento ovariano bastante semelhante ao que ocorre para a espécie na Tan-zânia (África oriental) e com ela produz descendentes férteis.Este fato nos fez pensar na hipótese de sua origem a partir da África oriental e não da ocidental como anteri-ormente suposto. Julgamos que com o presente estudo serão oferecidos subsídios para bem fundamentar futuros programas de controle dessa espécie-praga / Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate some basic aspects concerning the reproductive biology of a blowfly, Chrydomya putoria (Ca11iphoridae) which has recently been introduced in Brazil.Adu1t flies were kept in cages and were fed on fresh cattle liver during 3 hours a day and water "adlibitum".Results showed that females presented a synchronic development of ovarian follicles, a process which took 6 days at least to be completed.No yolk deposition in the follicles was started out unless a proper protein diet has been supplied. Therefore, C. putoria was an anautogenous species when fed only with sugar and water. However C.putoria maintained its reproductive potential presenting normal follicle growth when liver was available even after along time under an aproteic diet. The concerned species was able to develop the second batch of eggs when the first one had not been laid yet. Thus, the arnount of eggs of a certain oviposition could be multiplied. Great changes in populations structure can be expected if the facts above also occur in the field since females do not complete oogenesis without proteic matter, but when it is present again in the field, eggs can be produced and, consequently, new flies will be risen. In addition, when ideal conditions for egg laying do not occur, there will be mature follicle batches multiplication. In this species, ovaries are classified as meroistic polytrophic, each one presenting 76 follicles in average. There are 15 nurse cells in a follicle and their nucleous may present a final ploidy 13 times greater than the initial one, which was estimated in view of the nucleous areas projections obtained in Feulgen-stained whole mounts. Typical polytenic chromosomes can be seen at the begining of this nuclear material multiplication. Those nuclei present a very remarkable DNA body which we did not find described for other alliphoridae species. C. putoria ovarian developrnent pattern is very similar to that of Tanzania (Eastern Africa) species. When these two species are crossed, fertile progeny is produced. This leads to the hypothesis of its origin from the Eastern Africa instead of the Western one as previously described. / Mestrado / Mestre em Biologia

From the late 1830s Boer settlers conquered and settled vast new lands outside the Cape Colony. Although they more than doubled the area of European domination, historians have categorised Boer society outside the British colonies as primitive and dismissed the Boer conquests as an abberation from the broader process of European expansion. Such a distinction is no longer tenable. This study, which focuses on the Obrigstad/Lydenburg area, shows that the Boers were an integral part of European expansion in southern Africa. Settler expansion did not occur in a vacuum. Booming demand for commodities sparked economic growth across the sub-continent; the Boers were part of this process and consistently strove to produce for the region's expanding markets. In tandem with the expanding regional system, the Boer economy grew constantly. This was reflected in the centralisation of power in the Z.A.R. as Boer producers created formal political and administrative structures to further their economic interests. (A parallel process culminated in the Cape with colonists receiving representative government in March 1853.) This correlation between political and economic development was evident in the creation of a coercive labour system by the Boer state. Through their control of state structures, the Boers employed measures ranging from brute force to punitive taxation, legally enforceable contracts and pass laws to procure and control workers. It is important to note that the creation of a coercive labour system by the Boers paralleled similar developments in the Cape Colony. The speed with which the Boer economy expanded in comparison to the Cape, however, meant that stages in the development of an unfree labour force which had been chronologically distinct in the Cape coexisted within the Boer coercive system. Boer dependence on coerced labour made conflict with African groups inevitable. African groups in the eastern Transvaal had already been partly moulded by predatory economic forces emanating from the Portuguese settlements on the east coast since at least the 1750s. The arrival of the Boers in the 1840s greatly accelerated this process. Some groups were crushed, but others were able to obtain the means to resist Boer rule by interfacing with the settler economy. The economic forces which drove Boer settlement were thus not confined to the white settlers: Boer expansion was paralleled by the rise of African survivor states. The Dlamini, for example, built the powerful Swazi state by exchanging captives, ivory and cattle for guns and horses. Similarly, the Pedi, through the large scale expon of migrant labour, were able to acquire the means to challenge Boer authority in the late 1870s. Oearly then, the Boers 'Were not only representative of the wider settler social and economic order, but were acting in response to the same circumstances as the British settlers, Portuguese traders and African survivor states. It is thus impossible to continue to classify them as retrogressive and distinct from other groups in the region.

M.A. (English) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Orientador: Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T18:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fuller_ClaudiaMaria_M.pdf: 5369722 bytes, checksum: 4647391df22a50f2f5f38971926a18e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995 / Resumo: A dissertação discute as expectativas e possibilidades concretas de melhoria econômica e mobilidade social entre os agricultores de gêneros alimentícios na vila de São Carlos (atual Campinas), num período em que a produção local se direcionava para a agroindústria açucareira com objetivo de exportação (décadas de 1820-30). Por ser uma região de grande lavoura, há que se considerar que as oportunidades de estabelecimento e prosperidade para pequenos produtores rurais estariam se tornando cada vez mais escassas e difíceis devido à concentração das melhores terras e recursos na produção do açúcar A pesquisa de inventários de agricultores e de Mapas de População de São Carlos procurou resgatar o quanto a possibilidade de acesso à terra (própria ou não), e à mão-de-obra escrava influenciava os projetos individuais de "vencer na vida" . Resgatou-se a importância da formação de redes de relações pessoais (parentesco, amizade, clientelismo) como propiciadora de oportunidades (nem sempre concretizadas) de se procurar modificar o status pessoal ou ainda para melhorar as condições de vida material. Discute-se também o que poderia representar uma melhoria material ou social, sugerindo que essas transformações seriam muitas vezes quase imperceptíveis para um observador atual, mas que para os agricultores do início do século XIX podiam ser motivações fortes o suficiente para orientar suas ações no sentido de se criarem condições para sua concretização / Mestrado / Mestre em História

Orientador: Jorge Sidney Coli Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T07:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magalhaes_AnaGoncalves_M.pdf: 7789409 bytes, checksum: 12dd3a61ad4fc89d94a46b5fb9612dbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em História

A commonplace among Hardy critics is that as a young man Hardy lost his Christian faith and entered a serious religious disillusionment. The mainstream of Hardy criticism has followed the general consensus that Hardy suffered keenly as a result of this experience and looked back on Christianity with poignant nostalgia. If his view is not purely nostalgic, traditional criticism has insisted, then it seems at worst only ambivalent. The purpose of this dissertation is to argue that Hardy's attitude toward Christianity as revealed in his novels is not only not ambiguous, but, as a matter of fact, is specifically anti-Christian, often to the point of vehemence; that his treatment of various components of Christianity in his novels is aggressively anti-Christian; and that the feeling is so pronounced that the novels may be read as anti-Christian propagandistic tracts. This dissertation evaluates Hardy's cynical view of and attack on Christianity by examining his treatment of its symbols, such as its architecture, and its practitioners, both clergy and laity. Furthermore, since Hardy's attitude is shown not only in specific comments and particular situations but also in general tone, attention is directed toward the pervasive irony with which Hardy regards the entire panoply of Christianity. Although a few short stories and poems considered particularly relevant receive passing attention, this study is restricted primarily to a consideration of Hardy's fourteen novels. Moreover, this study notes the lack of continuity of development or logical intensification of Hardy's attitude toward Christianity during the twenty-four years spanning the time between the publication of his first novel, Desperate Remedies, in 1871 and the publication of his last novel, Jude the Obscure, in 1895.

The Landscape painting in Prague 1840-1890: Presentation and reflection of landscape painting at the Art Union exhibitions. PhD thesis by PhDr. Lucie Vlčková Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Roman Prahl ABSTRACT: The present thesis summarizes the results of the research project focused on the history of ladscape painting and its presentation at the annual exhibitions of the Art Union in Bohemia ("Krasoumná jednota") from 1840 to 1890, the period of a critical significance for evolution of the genre and establishing the aesthetical and ideological schemes characteristic for the Czech landscape painting of the 19th Century. The landscape painting was a respectufull and popular branch already from the beginning of the respective period, yet since then it grew into a leading source of aesthetic innovations and dominant component of the exhibitions and art trade. The 1840-1890 period begun with the establishing Max Hushofer's landscape class at the Prague Academy of Arts and terminates with close contacts with impressionists. For local landscape painting it brought not only the dramatic rearrangements of aesthetical frameworks but also the subsequent establishment of the standard cliches and themes which further accompanied Czech landscape painting until present. Although the history of the Czech landscape painting of...

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