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De même que le critique est l'ombre de l'écrivain, l'oeuvre artistique est une sorte de miroir qui renvoie toutes les apparences qui s'y reflètent. C'est ainsi que A la recherche du temps perdu fait surgir à chaque nouvel examen minutieux, une nouvelle image de la réalité, et aboutit à la création d'un monde qui brave tout ce que nous connaissons ou pouvons imaginer. L'univers entier y trouve son double, et toutes les vies sont résumées dans l'aventure singulière qui est l'oeuvre de Proust. C'est comme si l'auteur, émule de l'Eternel, avait créé sa propre Genèse. [...]

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This thesis is a psychoanalytical study of the novel A l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs. It is specifically concerned with identifying the subconscious mechanisms that engage the creative process in the Proustian hero. / The main character's belligerent relations with the real world augment his passivity and sense of powerlessness. As the story unfolds, the young Marcel's desirous nature is expressed though his private fantasy world, providing a revealing glimpse of the great literary works to come. / The character's sado-masochistic and oedipal tendencies act as a catalyst for his creative energies, leading him to use his pen, as the ultimate instrument of his brilliant revenge on the cruel realities of life. / The young Proustian protagonist's literary project is above all a magnificent attempt at domination that achieves the perfect metaphorical transposition, in the true sense of the word, i.e. transporting language into the all-powerful kingdom of creation.

The historiographic struggle over the representation of the Paris Commune, as begun by the daily press in 1871 and continued in the works of many subsequent scholars, is in fact part of a larger ideological battle. This thesis argues that in order to understand the significance of the Commune, it is necessary to return to contemporary writings. It studies the bourgeois reaction to the Paris Commune using as source material diaries, correspondence and monographs of upper class observers of the Commune. Through these writings, the Commune is seen as a socialist threat to bourgeois stability, and a sign of the disintegration of the ideals of the French Revolution.

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1. Fiction. A young woman looses her lover as well as her best friend, and must learn to live on her own. Her brother, as well as music, nature and art, will help her through a painful mourning process. / 2. Critical analysis. This study shows how a little musical phrase from Vinteuil's sonata transforms, in Marcel Proust's Un amour de Swann, into a "real" woman representing Odette de Crecy, then becomes Swann's confident and, finally, appears as "the voice of truth", which will allow Swann to develop a new vision of life.

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No description available.