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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Coccidioides posadasii, clinical and environmental strains: study of genetic diversity / Coccidioides posadasii de origem clÃnica e ambiental: um estudo da diversidade genÃtica

Rita Amanda Chaves de Lima 26 July 2010 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Coccidiodomycosis is a systemic infection, predominantly pulmonary, caused by the geophilic and dimorphic fungi, Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. In Brazil, coccidioidomycosis is associated with semi-arid areas in the Northeastern region of this country, which is considered one of the endemic areas of this disease in South America. These pathogens are morphologically indistinguishable species, but they exhibit molecular differences. Different molecular techniques have been described for the characterization of these species. The nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from Coccidioides spp. has been described as an important molecular marker for the identification, taxonomy and phylogeny. Currently, there are still shortages of maps for epidemiological approaches in order to direct the correlation between populations of Coccidioides spp. and the outbreaks of coccidiomycosis. Given the above, this study aimed at performing the molecular identification of 18 clinical and environmental isolates of C. posadasii, from Northeastern Brazil, maintained in the fungal collection of the Specialized Medical Mycology Center (CEMM), through PCR, as well as, to analyze the genetic diversity of these isolates by sequencing of 18S-28S regions of nuclear rDNA. The identification of the isolates was performed through PCR, using specific primers Coi9-1F and Coi9-R. The sequencing of the 18S-28S rDNA regions was performed through the method of chain termination by dideoxynucleotides, using the kit DYEnamicTM ET terminators cycle sequencing (GE Healthcare). The results confirmed the identification of all strains included in this study as belonging to the species C. posadasii. The phylogenetic tree based on 18S-28S rDNA region of C. posadasii from CEMM and Coccidioides spp. from Genbank. reveals the formation of a unique cluster encompassing the following strains CEMM 05-2-063, CEMM 05-2-064, CEMM 05-2-066 and CEMM 05-2-065, in a properly sustained branch, which apparently seems to group these isolates according to their geographical origin. The strains of C. posadasii showed lower genetic divergence in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, when compared to strains of C. immitis. Analyses did not detect differences between strains of clinical origin and those of environmental origin. Further studies involving the analysis of fast evolving markers, such as microsatellites, can provide evidences to determine whether the groups found in this study are derived from a lineage of clonal reproduction. / A coccidioidomicose à uma infecÃÃo sistÃmica, predominantemente pulmonar, causada pelos fungos dimÃrficos e geofÃlicos, Coccidioides immitis e Coccidioides posadasii. No Brasil, a coccidioidomicose està associada a locais situados na zona semi-Ãrida da regiÃo Nordeste, considerada uma das Ãreas endÃmicas da doenÃa na AmÃrica do Sul. Estes patÃgenos consistem em espÃcies morfologicamente indistinguÃveis, mas que exibem diferenÃas moleculares peculiares. O DNA ribossÃmico nuclear (rDNA) de Coccidioides spp. tem sido apontado como importante marcador molecular utilizado na identificaÃÃo, taxonomia e filogenia. Atualmente, ainda hà escassez de mapas de abordagens epidemiolÃgicas para direcionar a correlaÃÃo entre as populaÃÃes de Coccidioides spp. com os surtos de coccidioidomicose. Diante do exposto, este estudo teve por objetivo, realizar a identificaÃÃo molecular de 18 isolados clÃnicos e ambientais de C. posadasii, oriundos do Nordeste brasileiro, mantidos na Micoteca do Centro Especializado em Micologia MÃdica (CEMM), atravÃs da tÃcnica de PCR, bem como, analisar a diversidade genÃtica destes isolados por meio do seqÃenciamento das regiÃes 18S-28S do rDNA nuclear. A identificaÃÃo dos isolados foi realizada por PCR utilizando os primers especÃficos Coi9-1F e Coi9-R. O sequenciamento das regiÃes 18S-28S rDNA foi realizado pelo mÃtodo da terminaÃÃo da cadeia pelo didesoxinucleotÃdeo, usando-se o kit DYEnamicTM ET terminators cycle sequencing (GE Healthcare). Os resultados confirmaram a identificaÃÃo de todas as cepas incluÃdas neste estudo, como pertencentes à espÃcie C. posadasii. A Ãrvore filogenÃtica, baseada na regiÃo 18S-28S rDNA de C. posadasii do CEMM, juntamente com sequÃncias de Coccidioides spp. depositadas no Genbank. revela a formaÃÃo de um cluster exclusivo englobando as cepas CEMM 05-2-063, CEMM 05-2-064, CEMM 05-2-065 e CEMM 05-2-066, em um ramo adequadamente sustentado, que aparentemente parece agrupar estes isolados segundo sua origem geogrÃfica. As cepas de C. posadasii apresentaram menor Ãndice de divergÃncia genÃtica nas regiÃes ITS1 e ITS2, quando comparadas Ãs cepas de C. immitis A anÃlise nÃo detectou diferenÃas entre as cepas de origem clÃnica e as de origem ambiental. Estudos posteriores envolvendo a anÃlise de marcadores de evoluÃÃo mais rÃpida, os microssatÃlites, podem fornecer evidÃncias para determinar se os agrupamentos encontrados neste estudo sÃo resultantes de uma linhagem de reproduÃÃo clonal.

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