The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse the reception and development of the orangery in the county of Uppland, Sweden, during the 18th century. A main obstacle for the gardeners and their governors must have been the local climate in Uppland, a county at the south border of Norrland, the very north part of Sweden. The local climate during the 18th century in Uppland was rather cold with yearly temperature averages well under the “normal” during Baroque and Renaissance time. Two questions are discussed in the thesis. First question is: could the orangery buildings serve the purpose to protect fruit-trees from the harsh climate in Uppland i.e. had the orangeries built during the 18th century in Uppland at Walloon furnaces the expected capability to allow Asian fruit-trees like Citrus to pass the winter? The second question is: were the gardeners capable to force citrus blossoms to fruit? The study is based on sources of different kinds, such as gardening accounts from Walloon furnaces, contracts of service, inventories, wage bills, estate inventories, gardening manuals, horticultural handbooks and travelogues. To be able to go more closely into the matter I have done simulations of some orangery buildings thermal behaviour by using a building performance simulation software called IDA. The answer to the first question is that the orangeries served their purpose, at all events during normal winters. But during extreme winters the citrus trees must have been damaged. And the problems with importing rare Asian fruit-trees via the Netherlands, Portugal and Italy were overwhelming. The ambitions to acclimatize the trees to the harsh climate north of Stockholm, at the borderline to the north part of Sweden, were admirable. The whole idea of creating gardens of central European style and to build and maintain orangeries at high costs in the severe climate of county Uppland must have been a central European idea of lifestyle, or more likely the pleasure of the governers own satisfaction. The answer to the second question in the thesis is that I have not found any proof for production, even in a very small scale, of any citrus fruits in orangeries at Walloon furnaces in Uppland during the 18th century. / QC 20100714

La tesi di dottorato si concentra sull'editoria teatrale milanese del Settecento. Tenuto conto della mancanza di un catalogo delle edizioni teatrali stampate a Milano nel Settecento, il dott. Locatelli ha provveduto ad effettuare uno spoglio complessivo del patrimonio librario delle principali biblioteche milanesi al fine di realizzare uno strumento di ricerca basilare. La mancanza altresì di un lavoro di insieme sugli stampatori e librai milanesi del XVIII secolo ha reso inoltre indispensabile l'effettuazione di ricerche mirate alla realizzazione di un dizionario bio-bibliografico degli stampatori e librai attivi a Milano nel Settecento. I risultati della ricerca vengono dunque anzitutto presentati nella forma degli annali tipografici, così da render conto dell'attività in ambito teatrale di ogni singola azienda tipografica milanese. La prima parte della tesi, oltre a offrire un contributo sul valore documentario del teatro in forma di libro, offre un panorama della produzione del libro di teatro nel Settecento. Per quanto concerne Milano, in particolare, si scavano alcune problematiche (come quelle dell'autore drammatico), si portano alcune esemplificazioni, si giustificano alcune delle attribuzioni fornite negli annali. È il caso, per esempio, della certa attribuzione alla stamperia di Marc'Antonio Pandolfo Malatesta di alcune commedie di Carlo Maria Maggi stampate nel 1700-1701 e 1708 con falsa data Venezia. Viene infine proposto un breve capitolo di approfondimento sulla circolazione e lettura del libro di teatro nella Milano del Settecento, realizzato anche sulla base dello spoglio di inventari di librerie e biblioteche private coeve. / The PhD thesis by Stefano Locatelli is about theatre's book in 18th century. It offers a catalogue of dramatic editions print in Milan from 1701 to 1800 and a bio-bibliographical dictionary of printers and librarians in Milan during 18th century. The thesis offers also a study about the documentary value of theatre book and outlines a survey of theatre book production in Milan during the 18th century. It also analyse lecture and circulation of theatre book in Milan by going through some catalogues and inventories of booksellers and private libraries.

Past research on eighteenth-century ships has primarily taken one of two avenues, either focusing on naval warship construction or examining the merchant shipping industry as a whole in terms of trends and economics. While these areas are important to pursue, comparatively little is known about actual construction techniques used on the ordinary merchant vessels of the period. Most modern sources emphasize hull design and lines drawings; contemporary sources take a similar direction, explaining the theory of ship design but often leaving out how to put the ship together. In recent years, however, new information has come to light through archaeological excavations regarding Anglo-American merchant ship construction. In this study, several of these shipwrecks were examined in light of economic factors and the literary evidence from the period in an attempt to gain a better understanding of colonial American merchant ship construction in the eighteenth century. While the data set was not large enough to make conclusive statements, this type of comparative analysis should begin to establish a framework for the interpretation of future shipwreck excavations.

Diss. Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2009.

published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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Admiral Edward Vernon’s capture of Porto Bello, a Spanish stronghold in the Caribbean, was met with enthusiastic celebration when the news arrived in Britain in early 1740. With just six ships, he had struck a dramatic blow to restore British honor and protect British trade. The response to Vernon’s victory was widespread and varied: public rallies, verse, sermons of thanksgiving, annual celebrations of Vernon’s birthday, and a diverse material culture. The capture itself accomplished little and the campaign’s small gains were entirely erased by Vernon’s failures at Cartagena in 1740-41, yet Vernon continued to be celebrated by the British public. It seems surprising that Vernon excited so much popularity and lasting commemoration during the period in which his short-lived successes and catastrophic failures were most obvious and consequential. To explain Vernon’s extraordinary and enduring popularity, this thesis employs a variety of primary sources viewed through the lenses of national identity and gender to argue that Vernon assumed lasting political and cultural importance because his admirers interpreted broader meanings from his actions and character. Celebrating Vernon gave Britons a way to articulate what Britishness meant to them, and what they believed it should mean for others. In chapter 1, I argue that the parliamentary opposition skillfully employed celebration of Vernon after his capture of Porto Bello in 1739 to argue for ministerial change. In chapter 2, I argue that Vernon enjoyed continued popularity in the 1740s in spite of his failures because his supporters argued that he embodied the “publick spirit” of the mercantile empire and aggressive masculinity that many believed had been lacking in public figures of the 1730s. Whatever his real successes or failures, Admiral Vernon became an important rhetorical tool for those who sought to imbue British politics and culture with the “national” values of the mercantile empire, aggressive foreign policy, and bold masculinity that many believed represented the way forward in a period of change and growing imperial challenges.

"Was war die Nase im 18. Jahrhundert? Wie sah die "Nasologie" des Zeitalters aus, die der Hannoveraner Arzt Johann Georg Zimmermann (1728-1795) als neue Wissenschaft konzipieren wollte?

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