Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2013-2014. / Période négligée de l’histoire littéraire, les années 1860 à 1930 ont apparu aux critiques de la modernité comme un âge de l’irréalité dont le patriotisme de Louis Fréchette et la mélancolie d’Émile Nelligan témoignaient de deux manières opposées, irréconciliables, sinon dans un même exil, une même absence à soi et à la vie immédiate. Cette thèse revient d’abord sur l’émergence et l’évolution de ce rapport des modernes au passé littéraire canadien-français, puis retrace une lignée considérable de poètes qui furent indifférents au patriotisme sans pour autant tomber dans l’isolement pathétique. Dans un premier temps, il faut relativiser la prépondérance de la poésie patriotique : Louis Fréchette et Nérée Beauchemin ont aussi écrit de la poésie lyrique et descriptive. La plupart des poètes de la fin du XIXe siècle pouvaient, d’un poème à l’autre au sein d’un même recueil, passer de la célébration des héros de la Nouvelle-France à l’observation directe du peintre. Cette dernière tendance prévaut dans les œuvres d’Alfred Garneau et d’Eudore Évanturel, qui ont en commun de faire passer le monde du statut de support idéologique à un lieu de présence imprescriptible, ouvert. Après une analyse de leurs poèmes dans la production littéraire de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, la thèse s’attarde dans les trois chapitres suivants aux parcours individuels de trois poètes majeurs du siècle suivant en les situant dans l’évolution de la littérature canadienne-française : Albert Lozeau, Jean-Aubert Loranger et Alfred DesRochers. Chacun à leur manière, ces poètes opèrent une objectivation du monde tout en interrogeant la nature de leur relation avec lui. Avec eux, sans doute à cause de la primauté accordée par le symbolisme à l’imagination créatrice, la réalité sensible est intériorisée, engagée dans un dialogue ou présentée directement comme une manifestation de conscience. Au final, il est possible de reconstituer une tradition poétique marquée principalement par une solitude retirée et une attention soutenue à la vie présente, tradition qui trouve son aboutissement dans l’œuvre de Saint-Denys Garneau.

This thesis looks into the development of Songjiang School in the context of mutual interaction and networking among painters. It focuses on two phenomena. Firstly, it studies the interaction between Songjiang School painters and artists from various Jiangnan art centres. Secondly, it explores the artistic genealogy within the Songjiang School. It investigates the activities of individual Songjian School painters in particular, and the rise and decline of the entire Songjiang School in general. / Under the famous master literati Dong Qichang, Songjiang School painters broke new path in landscape painting, valuing moist ink tones at the expense of brush and ink. But even before Dong, Gu Zhenyi and Mo Shilong were already well known for their efforts in exploring new styles. Supported by brilliant art talent such as Chen Jiru, Zhao Zuo and Shen Shicong, Dong Qichang brought the Songjiang School to its zenith. However, it was also Dong Qichang who dug the grave for the School. As Dong's followers were mostly professional painters, they could not stand as equals to Literati connoisseurs. Some became Dong Qichang's ghost-painters at the expense of their artistic individuality, whereas others were trapped in the lower end of the art market. Consequently, the Songjiang School lost its vigor and prestige in the Qing dynasty. Only Dong Qichang, the leading master of the School, could dominate the literati painting scene. / With its economy revived after the suppression of the wako invasion in late Jiajing period (1522-1566), Songjiang quickly reassumed its dominant position in the art scene. Songjiang School painters became very self-conscious and proud of their own hometown. They succeeded in networking with connoisseurs in Zhejiang and Huizhou, and learning valuable lessons from the works of their Suzhou counterparts. Consequently, although both the Wu (Suzhou) and Songjiang Schools were descendents of the same literati painting tradition, the Songjiang School loomed large throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The social prestige of some Songjiang literati certainly enhanced the success of the School. / 徐麗莎. / 呈交日期: 2005年8月. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(p. i-x (2nd group)). / Cheng jiao ri qi: 2005 nian 8 yue. / Advisers: Jao Tsung-i; Harold Mok Kar-leung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2355. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (p. i-x (2nd group)). / Xu Lisha.

From the first electric lights in London along Pall Mall, and in the Holborn Viaduct in 1878 to the nationalisation of National Grid in 1947, the narrative of the simple ascendency of a new technology over its outdated predecessor is essential to the way we have imagined electric light in London at the end of the nineteenth century. However, as this thesis will demonstrate, the interplay between gas and electric light - two co-existing and competing illuminary technologies - created a particular and peculiar landscape of light, a 'lightscape', setting London apart from its contemporaries throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Indeed, this narrative forms the basis of many assertions made in critical discussions of artificial illumination and technology in the late-twentieth century; however, this was not how electric light was understood at the time nor does it capture how electric light both captivated and eluded the imagination of contemporary Londoners. The influence of the electric light in the representations of London is certainly a literary question, as many of those writing during this period of electrification are particularly attentive to the city's rich and diverse lightscape. Though this has yet to be made explicit in existing scholarship, electric lights are the nexus of several important and ongoing discourses in the study of Victorian, Post-Victorian, Modernist, and twentieth-century literature. This thesis will address how the literary influence of the electric light and its relationship with its illuminary predecessors transcends the widespread electrification of London to engage with an imaginary London, providing not only a connection with our past experiences and conceptions of the city, modernity, and technology but also an understanding of what Frank Mort describes as the 'long cultural reach of the nineteenth century into the post-war period'.