La guerre des tranchées est habituellement décrite tant par les anciens combattants que par les historiens comme une expérience fort dangereuse et presque insupportable. Ce travail se propose d’améliorer notre compréhension du moral et des opinions des combattants français durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Pourquoi tant d’hommes ont-ils tenu si longtemps, en dépit de la mort, des souffrances et du danger ? Les rapports du contrôle postal de la IVe Armée, de janvier 1915 à mars 1918, nous aident, un peu à la manière de sondages actuels, à formuler des réponses en nous apportant un nombre important d’informations fiables. / Trench Warfare is commonly described by war veterans and historians as a highly dangerous and fast unbearable experience. This comprehensive study tries to improve our understanding of morale and opinions of French soldiers during World War I. Why did so many people fight such a long time, in spite of death; suffering and danger? Reports of military censorship of the IVth Army from January 1915 to March 1918 help, as sort of opinion polls, to find answers by giving us a lot of valuable and various information.

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Memoria para optar al Título de Periodista / El autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / Encontrar departamento en Madrid es toda una proeza. La dificultad aumenta si eres extranjera; se intensifica más aún siendo sudamericana y se dispara angustiosamente cuando llega el momento de confesar que vienes de Chile. La pregunta inevitable que cae luego de eso da cuenta no sólo de la franqueza característica del español — franqueza que a veces cae sin decoro en la brutalidad — sino también de la imagen y simbología de Chile frente al extranjero: — ¿Y qué piensas tú de Pinochet? Oops. La respuesta se medita luego de patearse medio Madrid durante diez días en búsqueda de una habitación en un piso compartido. Pero al final una termina diciendo la verdad. Aunque lo que haya en juego sea un lindo departamento con balcones en la zona de Ópera, en el casco viejo de Madrid: Pinochet no es, ni mucho menos, santo de mi devoción. La reacción del interlocutor es muy indicativa del resultado de la entrevista. Un "ajá" sumado a una mirada fija es signo claro de que lo mejor es olvidarse de ese piso y seguir buscando. Una sonrisa y algún comentario solidario da esperanzas de que la vaga promesa que se hace en estos casos ("nosotros te llamamos") efectivamente puede llegar a materializarse.

This research explores the ideology of the modern Ku Klux Klan movement in American society. The foci of study is on specific Ku Klux Klan organizations that are active today. These groups include: The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan; The New Knights of the Ku Klux Klan; The New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, and The Knights of the White Kamellia. These groups are examined using frame analysis. Frame analysis allowed for the identification of the individual organization's beliefs, goals and desires. Data were gathered via systematic observations and document analysis. Findings identified several overarching ideological themes which classify the modern Ku Klux Klan movement.

In recent years, Arthur Miller has been the subject of much critical debate. Numerous critics have stated that his plays are not true tragedies because they do not meet the requirements for tragic drama. Several other critics, however, attempting to some to Miller’s defense, have stated just the opposite. So far, the situation has not been resolved; and there appears to be little chance that it will, considering the manner in which both Miller’s defenders and sensors have been approaching the problem. First, they have been brandishing a term which does not carry the same meaning for each of them. They have been forcing this term, with all its ramifications, upon Miller’s plays in order to make some erudite statement about the plays. Each has been attempting to justify his position by comparing Miller’s plays and his tragic heroes with plays and heros that symbolize best his own interpretation of tragedy. This approach is inconsistent, contradictory, and illogical; for it shows that the critics are examining Miller’s plays not as literary expressions unique in themselves but by standards which are far too often completely irrelevant to the situation. Also, this approach forces the critics to examine the plays out of context, thereby destroying their relevance. It is this problem that attention must be paid first. Therefore, the task before this paper is twofold. First, it is to examine MIller’s concept of tragedy, the philosophical ideas behind his plays, in order to see whether it is a logical, rational theory, one that is valid in itself. Once it has been determined whether Miller’s concept is valid then the second step can be taken: to analyze his plays in order to see whether they are artistic expressions true to and incorporating the beliefs expounded in his concept of tragedy. In no way does this approach invalidate the idea that the works must be examined by themselves and in themselves, for Miller’s theory and his plays should be expressions of the same viewpoint.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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