It is the purpose of this thesis to present the artistic development of the socialist writer Günter Kunert. He is considered to be one of the important representatives of the literature of the German Democratic Republic where he has spent most of his life. His artistic creativity stretches over three decades. The different artistic and ideological periods of the development of this writer are presented in chronological order. An attempt is being made to explain why Kunert's work is of a politically provocative nature and why it shows such strong criticism towards the socialist country whose citizen he is. The thesis follows the writer from his early socialist didactical works to the "Subjektivierung" of his writings in the present time. In conclusion, the thesis attempts to understand the deep-rooted reasoning of an author who in spite of his unmistakably critical position towards the GDR intends to remain there.

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This thesis explores the major novels of science fiction and fantasy writer, Ursula K. Le Guin: it follows her journey from her first imaginary country, Orsinia, through the inner lands of Earthsea and the outer spaces of the Hainish Ekumen to her Yin utopia in a future California and an Earthsea revisited. In each of these worlds she moves towards an experience of an inner, unified truth which is comparable to the ecstatic experience of the religious mystics and that of which T.S Eliot writes in his Four Quartets. Through her reading of the Taoist sages and the discovery of their perception of Life as a constant and ongoing process rather than as a series of isolated events or states, whether mystical or mundane, these worlds and planets become symbols of a way of life instead of static objects. In her medium, narrative, this way is embodied in the story: the movement towards that moment of enlightenment, which is revealed as the heart, the life-giving centre of each world. It is the home to which each journey returns. "True voyage is return' (The Dispossessed). Owing to this perception of the immanent (w)holiness of life, of the many, different realities, she moves from a serene Taoist equilibrium to an angry feminist rejection of the masculine, dualist, Western civilisation, in which Man has largely been perceived as a creature apart; apart from nature, a guest on this planet, belonging to another world. In her anarchist and feminist utopias she seeks a new spititual home, a less alienated identity for humankind. Despite this apparent "development", at the heart of aU her books there is that same joy in this, mortal life, the search for which she sees as the most essential of aU human pursuits. That, ultimately, is both source and subject of Le Guin's work; and each new world explored is a different manifestation of the joyful Tao, a celebration of life.

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Ce resume analyse le phenomene du racisme dans les oeuvres de l'auteur peruvien Julio Ramon Ribeyro comme etant le reflet de la societe peruvienne contemporaine. L'auteur se sert d'arguments percutants pour confronter l'ordre etabli; un ordre qui refuse toujours d'acquiescer l'existence de ce phenomene. Pour nous, ce fait social transgresse la constitution de cette nation equitable envers tous ses membres, et par le fait meme, merite qu'on l'examine de plus pret et qu'on lui porte une attention toute particuliere. / Le premier chapitre decrit le contexte historique de ces recits. De plus, il va inclure une presentation des faits politiques majeurs qui ont affecte ce phenomene qui est le racisme au Perou, durant le vingtieme siecle. Pour clore le chapitre, nous allons etudier le milieu social et professionnel de l'auteur. Dans le deuxieme chapitre, nous allons tenter de definir des termes essentiels tels que: race, ethnique et racisme, dans le contexte social peruvien. Finalement, dans le troisieme chapitre, nous allons analyser- en se servant des informations etablies auparavant- huit des recits de Ribeyro. Ces histoires, tous ecrits entre 1960 et 1990, traite sur le sujet du racisme.

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From the artistic experience of Saint-Denys Garneau, who decided to devote himself to painting and writing at the beginning of the 1930's, to the poetry and essays on art of Claude Gauvreau, Roland Giguere, Jacques Brault or Robert Melancon, Quebec's poetry maintains a fertile dialogue with the art of painting. Whatever form it takes, discourse on art allows the poet to reinforce or refine aesthetic sensibilities, to question the links or the disparities between texts and images, but also to conceive a theory about visual perceptions. Despite all that separates these two expressive modes, literature and painting both produce "visibility": even if some pictures are not figurative or some poems do not contain imagery, visual arts, beyond the topics or themes they provide to writers (landscape, portrait, still life, etc.), contribute to the development of "ways of seeing", ways of perceiving sensitive reality and of inserting oneself as a subject in the world. This is particularly true in the works of the three poets around which the main parts of this study are centered: Saint-Denys Garneau, for whom painting is a way of "learning to see" (apprendre a voir), Roland Giguere, whose poetic and artistic works share a desire to "give to see" (donner a voir), and finally Robert Melancon, who borrows from painters ways to "make see" (faire voir). By using notions and concepts that come from disciplines close to Aesthetics, this work proposes to circumscribe those "ways of seeing" and to assess how painting acts as a "seeing school" (ecole du regard) for these three authors. More broadly, since discourse on painting can be found throughout Quebec's modern poetry, this study also constitutes a point of view on the history of poetry in Quebec since Saint-Denys Garneau. / Keywords: Quebec poetry, painting, Aesthetics, visual perception, history of literature.

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Currently the most influential accounts of personal autonomy, at least in the Englishspeaking world, focus on providing conditions under which agents can be said to exercise self-control. Two distinct accounts of personal autonomy have emerged in this tradition: firstly, hierarchical models grounded in the work of Harry Frankfurt; and secondly, systems division models most famously articulated by Gary Watson. In this thesis I show the inadequacies of both of these models by exploring the problematic views of the self and self-control underlying each model. I will suggest that the problems faced by these models stem from the fact that they endorse a problematic fragmentation of the self. I suggest that a Nietzschean account of personal autonomy is able to avoid these problems. The Nietzschean account can largely, I show, be drawn from Nietzsche’s understanding of both the ‘man of ressentiment’ and his opposite, the sovereign individual. On this picture wholeness of self – rather than fragmentation of the self – is required in order for us to be most fully autonomous. Furthermore, this wholeness of self requires the kind of integrity which is opposed to the problematic fragmentation endorsed by Frankfurt and Watson.