The key objective of this study has been to contribute new evidence of the articulation of women's subjectivities during the Occupation in France 1940–1944, by using contemporaneous journals as traces of lived experience. A further objective was to address the omission of the extent and riches of such primary source material in both French and British historiography of the period. The methodological approach employed was to consider four such journals as primary sources to interrogate sites of Occupation historiographical enquiry: the exode, the Jewish survivor experience, attentisme and the role of the female agent de liaisonin resistance activity. The contribution and originality of the research lie in its systematic analysis of the four journals, the choice of genre (diary) and the qualitative value emerging from sources that have previously been used schematically or not at all. It is now almost impossible to recover day-to-day Occupation experience through oral testimony and it is not always identifiable in archival documentation and we are therefore left only with fragmentary traces. Qualitative studies such as this research offer the means to recover elements of that detail. The findings of the study are that women's subjectivities of the wider constraints of the Occupation are articulated in the physicalities of bodily sensations and that wider notions of loss, exile and waiting predominate. The thesis has also demonstrated the extent of the under-reporting of women's narratives during the Occupation and argues that the use of women's texts should be privileged in future work in order to redress the gender imbalance in both British and French Occupation historiography.

Orientador: Márcia Teixeira de Souza / Banca: Carlos Henrique Gileno / Banca: Eduardo Garuti Noronha / Resumo: Essa pesquisa avalia a abertura democrática realizada em 1946 no Brasil após um período de ditadura. Tomamos a Assembléia Constituinte como lugar por excelência onde este novo regime era elaborado. Assim, a maneira pela qual a Assembléia institucionalizou as relações entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo é um indicativo do grau de abertura desse regime. Apontamos, também, como esse processo foi obstacularizado de várias maneiras, o que criou empecilhos para a construção do regime democrático e dificuldades para a superação completa do regime anterior. / Abstract: This research evaluates the democratic opening accomplished in 1946 in Brazil after a period of dictatorship. We took the Constituent Assembly as the place of excellence where this new political regime was elaboreted. The manner in which the Assembly institutionalized the relacionship between the Executive and Legislative Powers is an indicative of the degree of opening of this regime. We also pointed how the obstacle that were imposed in several ways created difficulties to the complete overcome of the previous regime. / Mestre

No description available.

As Gertrude Stein's creative interests had such an incredibly broad scope, an approach to her as an author requires a narrow focus. The intent of this thesis is to explore Gertrude Stein's grammatical theory. Stein believed that literature, if it were to be effective, had to reflect the contemporary scene; that is, the setting should be in the present while the subject matter should concern itself with the "universal." Moreover, the style of the writing, the way each line was composed, should somehow complement subject matter and setting. The way in which Stein proposed to match grammar and the contemporary scene in prose fiction is the subject of this thesis.The thesis is divided into three chapters, and the chapters are intended to move progressively -the second chapter builds and expands upon the first, and the third chapter builds and expands upon the first two. Thus, the first consideration is punctuation. Stein's theory on punctuation is of primary importance; a close examination of why Stein felt it was necessary to discard nearly all of the conventional punctuation marks serves to introduce the highly complex and abstract grammatical theory. After a distillation of the theory from her lectures and books has been achieved, the theory can be applied to the prose itself and whether or not the theory was successful in practice can be evaluated. The second chapter on words and the third on sentences and paragraphs follow the same pattern of organization as the first chapter. The conclusion attempts to quickly sum-up and to provide this writer's answer to the question which remains: did Gertrude Stein's grammatical theory prove successful when put into practice in the prose fiction?In each chapter, then, the primary emphasis is placed upon the extracting of the grammatical theory from the mass of Stein’s work dealing with the subject. As a result of this necessary to attempt to define in concrete terms what Stein meant by her abstract theories. And finally, the theory must be applied to the prose work whether the theory did or could work. The thesis concentrates on Stein's early work, Three Lives, and uses this work as the testing ground for the theory because the use of essentially one book serves to keep the analysis within workable boundaries and because Three Lives is, in my view, the most accessible and thematically sustained work of all her serious prose pieces. I have, nonetheless, considered several of the later Stein pieces in an attempt to provide a more extensive analysis of the grammatical theory.

The thesis was a study of the dominant theme of growth and decay in five of Booth Tarkington’s mature novels: The Magnificent Ambersons, The Turmoil, National Avenue, Alice Adams, and The Heritage of Hatcher Ide. It showed that the novels formed a loosely bound pentology which was a sustained study of the effects of growth on both a modern city and its inhabitants. Growth, in the Tarkington view, brought with it decay, but this decay was never permanent. The inherently optimistic point of view found in the novels demanded that decay would always carry with it the seeds for a new growth. Growth, therefore, was not an evil process, but only one which man must learn to control for his own purposes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oslo, 1982. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 412-426) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oslo, 1982. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 412-426) and index.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-05-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_ads_me_arafcl.pdf: 695755 bytes, checksum: 60e919f01fff532838d4860eace892cd (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Essa pesquisa avalia a abertura democrática realizada em 1946 no Brasil após um período de ditadura. Tomamos a Assembléia Constituinte como lugar por excelência onde este novo regime era elaborado. Assim, a maneira pela qual a Assembléia institucionalizou as relações entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo é um indicativo do grau de abertura desse regime. Apontamos, também, como esse processo foi obstacularizado de várias maneiras, o que criou empecilhos para a construção do regime democrático e dificuldades para a superação completa do regime anterior. / This research evaluates the democratic opening accomplished in 1946 in Brazil after a period of dictatorship. We took the Constituent Assembly as the place of excellence where this new political regime was elaboreted. The manner in which the Assembly institutionalized the relacionship between the Executive and Legislative Powers is an indicative of the degree of opening of this regime. We also pointed how the obstacle that were imposed in several ways created difficulties to the complete overcome of the previous regime.

The purpose of this study is to examine the modifications made in the mechanics of allocation utilized in the Soviet Union, since the death of Stalin, in industry, agriculture, and trade. These sectors of the economy have been chosen because they comprise the predominant portion of productive activity in the Soviet Union, and because these sectors have undergone the most significant changes of their forms of allocation. The crux of the original Stalinist allocation mechanics was quantitative planning: an imperative economic plan formulated by the central planning apparatus to direct the economic processes of the nation. The implementation of the macro-economic plan at the micro level was carried out through a complex system of centralized physical directives and financial controls, and by a system of material incentives to encourage the fulfillment of the centrally defined targets or goals. Within industry, agriculture, and trade, the mechanics of the allocation system were somewhat differentiated in that the combination of centralized directives, physical and financial controls, and the directive effects of prices and material incentives were integrated in varied ways to bring about the desired end results. I will first examine the integration of these variables in forming a 'coherent' guidance system, and their relative dominance in determining the allocation of the nation's resources, during the Stalinist period, and will then consider the modifications made in their relative importance up to the present time. The first chapter of this study deals with industry. It concentrates on the three component parts of the Soviet industrial allocation system: the formulation of production-supply plans; financial planning and the role of prices; and micro-economic targets, controls and incentives. The annual planning procedure described refers specifically to heavy industry. However, this procedure is generally applicable to the macro planning in both agriculture and the consumer goods industry as well, and thus provides background information to the more abbreviated discussions of the planning procedures used in these latter two sectors of economic activity. Similarly, in the discussions of financial planning and prices, the relationship of these variables to heavy industry is intensively investigated but the discussion is expanded to a more encompassing level in order to give a general comprehension of the role of currency and prices in the Soviet economy as a whole. The chapter concludes with an investigation of the relative dominance of physical and financial directives and controls at the micro level, and the integration of the material incentive scheme in the allocative system to encourage behavioural adherence to the centralized directives and controls. The second chapter deals with agriculture. It follows a similar investigative format for both collective and state farms, but places emphasis on collective farm production, and distribution of outputs, for two reasons: collective farm and 'private' plot agricultural activities provide the bulk of the nutritional requirements of both the rural and urban populace; and the guidance system used for state farming is very similar to that used in the industrial sector already discussed. The third chapter deals with trade. It discusses both domestic and foreign trade. With regard to domestic trade, the macro planning procedure is described, the distribution network for consumer goods is detailed, and the microeconomic targets and controls formulated for light industry are distinguished from those used in the allocation of producer goods. The discussion on foreign trade details the roles of foreign trade in the Soviet economy, its integration into the national economic plan, and the reforms in the methods and means utilized to finance the flows of traded commodities. The final chapter of the paper assesses the original Stalinist allocation mechanics in the economic sectors analyzed, and the successes and shortcomings of the modifications made in their respective guidance systems to the present time. Many of the modifications made prior to the general reforms undertaken in 1965 pertained to the administrative-economic bureaucracy and thus did not alter any fundamental characteristics of the Soviet allocation systems. The 1965 reforms increased the role of selected financial and price variables, and material incentives, in an attempt to increase efficiency at the microeconomic level. However, the long-run benefits of the post-Stalin reforms are smaller than originally anticipated. Efficient decision making that would optimize the execution of economic processes in such a way as to maximize the utilization of resources necessitates a rational price system. However, the essence of the Soviet allocation mechanics is still quantitative planning, implemented through centralized administrative controls. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art (History of Art), October 2017 / Jeff Wall interferes with the traditions and viewing habits associated with documentary photography. This is primarily achieved through destabilising the status of the documentary photograph as an objectively recorded fact and through invoking the traditions of Western image making in painting. In alluding to suffering and implying violence, Wall alienates a viewer from an automated response and complicates familiar ways of viewing photographs. By impeding meaning making, he restores mystery and uncertainty to the viewing process. / XL2018