Orientador: Sidney Chalhoub / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T04:11:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_AldrinMourade_M.pdf: 10162306 bytes, checksum: 90590efd2b955172d3cfd890ac986f2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em História

Orientador : Luzia Margareth Rago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T15:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benatte_AntonioPaulo_D.pdf: 13164516 bytes, checksum: b8b67f9cc58749a7ce7b437e948f423e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: A tese busca historicizar a invenção, na sociedade brasileira do final do século 19 a meados do século 20, da noção moderna de "jogo de azar". Em torno de dois eixos teóricos (objetivação e subjetivação), o texto procura articular os temas mais freqüentes na problematização dos jogos que especulam com o acaso. Ligados aleatoriamente pelo conectivo E, os nódulos temáticos emergem a partir da análise de alguns fluxos sociais e culturais: o processo de civilizaçãodos hábitos e costumes; a busca da intensidade na economia das emoções; a esconjuração do acaso no processo de racionalização da cultura; a negação da despesa pela moral econômica burguesa; a criminalização e o controle das práticas lúdicas populares; a renitência da vida improdutiva e dos excessos dissipatórios; a interiorização do horário e o aparecimento do lazer como uso higiênico do tempo livre; a linha de fuga do jogo como transcendência do cotidiano numa sociedade disciplinada para o capitalismo de produção / Abstract: The dissertation attempts to historicize the invention of the modern notion of "gambling" from the end of the 19thcentury to mid 20thcentury. The text tries to articulate the most frequent themes related to the questioning of games that speculate with the odds, around two theoretical axes (objectification and subjectification). Ramdomly connected by the connective AND, the thematic nodules emerge from an analysis of some social and cultural flows: the process of civilizing habits and costumes; the search for intensity in the economy of emotions; the adjuration of the odds in the process of rationalization of culture; the denial of the expenditures by the bourgeois economic moral,; the criminalization and control of popular playful practices; the renitency of nonproductive life and of the dissipating excesses; the internalization of time schedule and the appearance of leisure as hygienic use of free time; the lines of flight of the game as transcendence from everyday life in a disciplined society for the capitalism of production / Doutorado / Doutor em História

This study examines George Orwell's contribution to our understanding of imperialism and to political writing in general. The basic assumptions of the study are that for a creative writer plot performs essentially the same function as model-building does for the political scientist and the role of the imagination is paramount both in the drawing of a novelist's picture of environment and in a social scientist's selection of variables. To show how a creative writer can offer the student of politics an unusual perspective of various systems of government (in this case, imperialism), the study draws upon concrete examples from Orwell's novel Burmese Days and other of his related writings to illustrate a number of political science's theoretical concepts. The study is also concerned with showing how Orwell was a pacesetter, as it were, in rejecting jargon as a means of expression and instead pressing vigorously, particularly in his description of imperialism in Burmese Days, for a straightforward yet imaginative prose in describing political as well as other events. The study assumes that Orwell's plea is echoed in a succeeding generation by others such as Landau and asserts that Burmese Days has either rendered many of imperialism's more harmful clichés impotent or has at least exposed them to closer scrutiny. At the same time, despite Orwell's often vehement denunciation of imperialism, it is assumed that there is implicit in the dialogue of some of his characters a recognition that while the system of uninvited foreigners exploiting and governing another people's country may be morally repugnant, in the light of an all-embracing and privacy-invading industrialism British imperialism may have been the least offensive kind of such exploitation. The study argues that our understanding of the motivations for group behaviour may, in some cases such as imperialism, be best pursued through more intensive studies of individuals within the group rather than by investing all of our attention in observing the collective action of the group. The study has evolved not from the notion that a creative writer can ever replace the perhaps more disciplined approach of the social sciences in understanding our world, but that he can significantly aid the academic world in illustrating its theoretical concepts. Finally, it is the overriding conclusion of this study that the moderately experimental nature of its juxtaposition of social science theory and fiction is mutually beneficial to both the social scientist and the student of literature in offering them new perspectives in their respective fields of interest. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

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M. S.

No description available.

M.S.

The most important method of preserving perishable materials is by refrigeration. Refrigeration generally means the removal of heat from a body or substance to such an extent as to leave it, or maintain it, at a lower temperature than that of the surroundings. Mechanical refrigeration refers to the removal of heat by mechanical devices. In mechanical refrigeration cycles a large variety of refrigerants, such as ammonia, sulfur dioxide, methyl chloride, freon-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), and propane are used. These refrigerants must have properties that render them suitable for use in refrigeration cycles. During the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant is constantly changing state; that is, from a liquid to a gas and vice versa with a corresponding change in temperature. One of the fundamental properties affecting the mechanical behavior of a refrigerant is its viscosity. Not only is it the major factor in relation to the transfer of the material, but it also has marked effect on the heat transfer characteristics of the refrigerant. Inasmuch as the refrigeration cycle depends on both of these operations, a knowledge of the viscosity of the refrigerant is highly desirable. It was the purpose of this investigation to determine the liquid viscosities of an azeotropic of asymmetrical difluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane. / Master of Science

Evaporators employed in the distillation of sea water have scale form on their heat transfer surfaces as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate in 300 to 500 hours of operation. Although the measures directed to overcome the formation of scale in sea water evaporators have been varied, none of these measures have been as successful as desired, and the problem is, therefore, still a major one. In 1947, however, C. A. Hempel, Armour Research Foundation, Chicago, Ill., approached the scale problem of sea water evaporators rationally by saying that if the carbon dioxide content and the pH of sea water could be controlled by either physical or chemical means, that the scale deposition on the heat transfer surfaces would be reduced. By experimentation, Hampel developed a process whereby sea water is heated under pressure for a definite period of time, and then it is released to atmospheric pressure with aeration. This physical pretreatment process removes the carbon dioxide that is evolved from the decomposition and hydrolysis of the carbonate and bicarbonate content of sea water, and thus prevents the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate. The change in alkalinity does, however, cause insoluble magnesium hydroxide to form, but this insoluble material can be readily removed by filtration followed by acidification. Therefore, two of the scale forming salts, calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, have been eliminated by this process. In 1948, both the U. S. Coast Guard and the Bureau of Ships, Navy Department, became interested in this development of Hampel's, and they agreed to design a pretreatment plant for a 4000-gallon per day evaporator in order to evaluate further this process on a large scale basis. Such a plant was designed and constructed at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Va., with the Coast Guard providing the necessary materials and equipment for the pretreatment plant, and the Navy furnishing the materials and equipment for the distilling unit. The Army Engineer's building and sea water facilities that were available at Fort Story, Va., made it a highly desirable location for the testing of the decarbonation and distilling units. So, after all the equipment had been fabricated and hydrostatically tested, it was shipped to Distillation Test Station at Fort Story where it was erected and made operational by Naval Shipyard personnel. In September, 1949, a series of tests were started on this equipment at Fort Story to evaluate the design and construction of the pretreatment plant to decarbonate sea water es a means of reducing the scale in a 4000-gallon per day Grissom-Russell low pressure, double effect Soloshell evaporator. The first test of decarbonation calibration was made to determine the optimum operating conditions of the pretreatment plant which would give the maximum degree of carbon dioxide removal from sea water. The second test was a blank determination of evaporator scale, using untreated feed, by which a comparison could be made with all subsequent tests. The pretreatment plant involved the operation of two pieces of equipment, the feedwater holding tank and the aerator tank. The procedure that was followed in this calibration was essentially this: the sea water was heated to a definite temperature at a specific feed rate, pumped to the feedwater holding tank and retained in this tank for definite periods of time; then the sea water was released to the aerator tank, again held for definite periods of time while being aerated with air, and a sample of sea water analyzed to determine the degree of carbon dioxide that was removed by these conditions. The variables that had their effect on the degree of decarbonation were, therefore, feed temperature, feed rate, feedwater tank holding time, aerator tank holding time, and air rate. The effect of temperature on the degree of decarbonation was that the greater the temperature, the greater the carbon dioxide removal; 250 °F removed 47.5 to 50 per cent, 240 °F removed 38 to 42 per cent, and 228 °F removed 25.2 to 25.8 per cent. The effect of feed rate at 250 °F on the degree of decarbonation was that the smaller feed rate, the greater the carbon dioxide removal; a feed rate of 5.25 gallons per minute removed 42.1 to 52.4 per cent whereas a feed rate of 10.5 gallons per minute only removed 36.6 to 47 per cent. The effect of feedwater tank holding time on the degree of decarbonation et 250 °F and 5.25 gallons per minute feed was negligible since holding times of 25, 45, 66, 86, and 106 minutes removed 50.2 to 54 per cent of the carbon dioxide. In the determination of the effect of aerator holding time on the degree of decarbonation a 250 °F and 5.25 gallons per minute feed, the greater the holding time, at 14 and 28 minutes, the greater the carbon dioxide removal, i.e., 46 end 50 per cent, respectively. The effect of air on the degree of decarbonation at 250 °F, 5.25 gallons per minute feed, and 28 minutes aerator tank holding time, was that it gave the greater degree of carbon dioxide removal, but without air, the effect was that the greater the feedwater tank holding time, the less the carbon dioxide removal. The difference between the two air rates tried was negligible; 5 cubic feet per minute removed 51 to 54 per cent, whereas 20 cubic feet per minute only removed 44 to 52 per cent. With no air, however, a feedwater tank holding time of 25 minutes removed 50.8 per cent, 45 minutes removed 43.5 per cent, 66 minutes removed 39.5 per cent, and 106 minutes removed 38.5 per cent. Therefore, from the results of the calibration, it is concluded that the optimum operating conditions for the pretreatment plant are a feed temperature of 250 °F, a feed rate of 5.25 gallons per minute, a feedwater tank holding time of 25 minutes, an aerator tank holding time of 28 minutes, and an air rate of 5 cubic feet per minute which will remove 50.8 per cent of the carbon dioxide in the sea water. In the blank determination, the feed by-passed the pretreatment plant and went directly to the evaporator, which was operated at a feed rate of 5 gallons per minute, 150 °F, 2.5 pounds per square inch, gage of steam to the first effect, 97 pounds per square inch, gage of steam to the air ejector, 26.5 inches of vacuum, 70 gallons per minute of circulating water, and 1.5-thirty seconds overboard brine density. In 135 hours of operation, 19,400 gallons of fresh water were produced which had a salinity of less than 0.5 grain per gallon. Scale was formed at a rate of 0.23 pound per 1000 gallons of distillate produced, and whose composition wan 91.1 per cent calcium carbonate, 2.6 per cent magnesium hydroxide, 2.7 per cent calcium sulfate hemihydrate, 2.7 per cent silica dioxide, and 1.1 per cent ferric oxide. From the operation of these tests, it is concluded that both the pretreatment plant and the distilling unit operated satisfactorily within the limits of their design. / Master of Science

In 1947, while working on the aromatic cyclodehydration of ketones to their corresponding substituted anthracenes, Vingiello (1a) attempted to prepare 9-cyclohexylanthracene using this method. It was evident in the cyclization of o-benzylcyelohexyl-phenone (I) that the hydrol (II) postulated as an intermediate could lose water in two ways, yielding two different compounds 9,10-dihydro-9-cyclohexenylanthracene (IV) and 9-cyclohexyl-anthracene (III). This is shown in Chart I. Since a carbon, hydrogen analysis gives the same result for both compounds it is obvious that some other method of identification is necessary. It is the purpose of this part of the investigation to attempt to identify the existing structure by ultra-violet absorption analysis, and formation of derivatives and also to attempt to prepare 9-cyclohexylanthracene by an unequivocal method. / Master of Science