Coagulation of colloidal particles in hydrosols is of considerable industrial concern. It is employed, for example, in industries that have occasion to handle slurries containing valuable solid matter of colloidal and near colloidal dimensions and where separation of the solids from the suspension medium is desired. Another important application is the treatment of domestic and industrial wastes in which separation of solids from the liquid suspension medium must be accomplished before discharge of the liquid into streams. Methods employed to accomplish coagulation include treatment of colloidal systems with chemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, radiant, or ultrasonic energy. Two factors that govern coagulation in hydrosols are (1) probability or collision and (2) adhesion of the colloidal particles. In order to coalesce, particles must first collide. The intensity of collision determines the degree to which the particles will adhere, provided they are at or near their isoelectric point. It has been demonstrated previously that ultrasonic energy will increase the intensity as well as the number of collisions of colloidal and near colloidal particles and consequently hasten their rate of coagulation. However, since this type of coagulation has only been reported in batchwise operations, it is believed that if ultrasonic energy is applied to a continuously flowing hydrosol, an evaluation may be made leading to its industrial utilization. The purpose of this investigation was to design, construct, and evaluate a continuous-flow, ultrasonic coagulation unit, employing a ball-clay hydrosol for experimental tests. / Master of Science

The object of production has been described as “to produce a required quality by the best and cheapest method at the required time.” In order to accomplish this aim, the use of scientific methods has become so common and extensive a practice in industry that it is now considered the basis of modern industrial development. Many developments have been made in the several fields to which this principle has been applied, among which is motion and time study. At first, time study, originated by Frederick W. Taylor, the father of scientific management, and motion study, developed by Frank B. and Lillian M. Gilbreth, each more or less made separate and independent progress- time study being used mainly for determining time standards, while motion study was used for improving methods. However, it has gradually been realized that motion study and time study not only supplement each other, but are actually inseparable; and it is becoming common practice to combine the two together as Motion and Time study, or as it is sometimes called, Methods Engineering. / Master of Science

This thesis is concerned with the training of competent architects, designers, and artists. The need for artistically creative people has never been as urgent as it is today. A searching review is made of the philosophy of design education. The views of many of the leaders in architecture and other arts are considered in relation to the training of young men and women in the various creative fields. The philosophy of education at the School of Design has been formulated from these and the writer's personal opinions. The various departments of the school and the complete physical requirements for each are decided upon and these decisions are expressed in the design program. The planning of the buildings and setting necessary to provide the tools, space, and inspiration for the students of design is the epitome of this thesis. It is proposed that the student do a major portion of the construction of the school. A schedule is suggested to achieve the completion of the master plan over a period of years. Such a School of Design will include the present Virginia Polytechnic Institute Architectural Department and the additional facilities needed for training and research in allied fields. The school will be associated with Virginia Polytechnic Institute, but will be an administrative entity in itself. An institution of this type will theoretically parallel in the creative field the rapid advancement now being made in the South in such other fields as scientific research, industrial development, and agricultural methods. / Master of Science

Master of Science

In the study of psychology, physical and mental securities are found to be two of the main objectives of the human race. Physical security is emphasized to an overwhelming extent due to the wars and domestic strifes our country has had. Many philosophers maintain that the only real security man can have is the security of his soul. Man finds this real security in the belief of a supreme being, in our case the Christian God. Organizations are extensive throughout the world for the advocation of a belief in God. These groups deal with different beliefs and different types of people within sects or denominations. The type of person with whom this thesis is concerned is a college student who has had indoctrination and training in a home church. In college he is being exposed to a new type of environment and learning that, for the most part, will affect his physical security. The church is left with a small remaining part of the student's mind; with this, the church must try to develop a more mature person of the student. Many buildings are built for the advancement of religion. The purpose of this thesis is to show the need for a building to house the activities of a student group working toward Christian fellowship. The building shall be designated as a Baptist Student Center. The purpose of this Baptist Student Center is to provide a center for the religious, cultural, and intrafaith activities of the Baptist students of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. / Master of Science

As a result of the work presented in this thesis, important factors in the design of a new library for Hollins can be noted. As stated in the original program, the primary criteria for the design of the building must be service to the readers. Of first importance in effectuating this aim is the careful study of the functional relationships of the various technical library operations. This must be kept in mind to provide for the efficient function of the staff; hence, the maximum service to the reader. However, the continuance of that service requires that the building be designed for maximum <u>flexibility</u> in order to meet the changing needs of an expanding college. The flexibility of the library will depend largely upon the integration of structure, mechanical equipment, and materials used. This is largely an engineering problem, involving considerations of economy. A successful library for Hollins can result only from the coordination of the recommendations of specialists in these fields with the requirements of the planning and the design of the building. Successful coordination of all the elements mentioned herein will result in an efficient, quiet, and pleasant “laboratory” for the use of an expanded book collection by the students and faculty of Hollins College. / Master of Science

The kinetics for the reaction of the oxidation of acetaldehyde by chromic acid in aqueous medium has been studied in an attempt to extend the present knowledge of oxidation by chromic acid. In particular, these experiments were undertaken in order to see if there are any similarities between this reaction and the oxidation of isopropyl alcohol in aqueous medium, which other investigators have studied. The main runs were carried out at 25°, at an ionic strength of 0.3. The reaction was followed by the decrease in chromic acid concentration as determined with the Beckman Spectrophotometer. In all of the runs, the concentrations of acetaldehyde and H⁺ were in excess of the chromic acid concentrations. It was found that the oxidation of acetaldehyde is first order in acetaldehyde and first order in HCrO₄⁻, (but not strictly first order in total chromic acid). The reaction is roughly second order in H⁺. Mn⁺² has an inhibitory effect upon the rate, as has been found in the isopropyl alcohol oxidation. Because of the similarity in kinetic behavior between acetaldehyde and isopropyl alcohol, the mechanisms are probably very similar. This mechanism for acetaldehyde oxidation has been discussed in some detail. / Master of Science

Master of Science

Master of Science

Master of Science