Since its publication in 1947, Malcolm Lowry’s novel Under the Volcano has been gaining in reputation until it has come to be regarded as one of the masterworks of this century. The aim of this thesis is to consider Under the Volcano in the light of the Romantic and Symbolist tradition in which it belongs, and to provide an interpretation of the novel through an exploration of its structure, symbolism and theme. Chapter I attempts to demonstrate that an understanding of the world view which Lowry adopts in Under the Volcano - the doctrine of universal analogy, which had such a profound influence on the nineteenth-century Romantic and Symbolist writers - is essential to an appreciation of the formal design and the theme of the novel. Chapters II and III examine the implications of two of the major symbols of Under the Volcano - the wheel and the abyss — and attempt to show how these symbols function on several levels to support both the narrative sequence and the mythic framework of the novel. Some attention is paid to the metaphorical identification of the protagonist with the archetypal ‘suffering hero,’ especially in relation to the Promethean and Orphic imagery employed in the novel. Chapter IV is concerned with the tragic stature of the hero, particularly as it is revealed in the culminating scenes of the novel, and with an examination of the paradoxical resolution of the central conflict - the struggle between love and death. The Conclusion contains a brief review of some critical comments on the novel and modern literature in general, which may contribute to an appreciation and understanding of Lowry’s achievement in writing Under the Volcano. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Although his literary reputation rests primarily on his novels, Malcolm Lowry (1909-1957) considered himself a poet, and he composed an extensive poetic canon. No reliable edition of Lowry's poetry exists; increasing critical interest in all aspects of Lowry's life and work prompted the preparation of this complete edition of his poetry, in which the poems are located, identified, dated, arranged, collated, annotated, and explicated in biographical, critical, and textual introductions. The sections of Lowry's text are chronologically arranged to reflect his artistic development, and are preceded by short essays describing the specific issues raised by those poems. The opening section—Lowry's poetic juvenilia—reflects his fascination for the sea, as does the ensuing section, The Lighthouse Invites the Storm, his first collection of poetry, a sequence of related semi-autobiographical poems, which depicts the adventures of the characters Peter Gaunt and Vigil Forget. Lowry composed most of the Lighthouse in Mexico; following it in this edition is a small group of uncollected Mexican poems. The next two sections of text—"Dollarton 1940-54: Selected Poems 1947" and "Dollarton 1940-54: Uncollected Poems"—reflect and record the experience of Lowry's sojourn on the lower mainland, and its deep effect on him. A remarkably coherent group of love poems written between 1949 and Lowry's death in 1957 follows the Dollarton texts, and the appendices contain sections of song lyrics and undated fragments. This edition provides Lowryans with ready access to the latest determinable authorial versions of, and the textual histories for, the canon's four hundred and sixty-five poems, which range in date from 1925 to 1957. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The thesis deals with some aspects of the Canzoniere , the major poetic work of Umberto Saba, who made his appearance on the Italian literary scene during the first decade of this century. The introduction and the first chapter are intended to provide summary background material on the literary-cultural situation in Trieste at the turn of the century within which Saba had necessarily to develop and work. Particular emphasis is placed on the fact that the city of Trieste, where the poet was born and lived most of his life, was culturally behind the times. This fact, together with Saba's own late cultural "awakening", contributed to the creation of a "peripheral" and "backward" style of poetry characterized by a touch of authentic realism which distinguishes and isolates him from his contemporaries, who were for the most part engaged in the attempts at poetic innovation. Another major characteristic of Saba's poetry derives from his acquaintance with Freud; in fact, the poet's interest in psychoanalysis constitutes the subject of the second chapter. Here the role which psychoanalysis plays in his poetry is defined by differentiating between "clinical" and "poetic" psychoanalysis, with reference to the poems written during the period in which he was undergoing psychoanalysis (1929-31) and to the writings in which Saba finally explicitly rejects psychoanalysis as an authentic source of poetic themes. The third chapter consists of a thematic and stylistic analysis of the poetry of the Canzoniere. with special emphasis on the early collections of Saba's work. The themes of these youthful poems are structurally related to those of the more recent works, where the poet, through a new sense of immediacy, transforms the motifs which dominated his adolescence, and in which a greater psychological clarity is accompanied by just as great a clarity of form. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Between 1936 and 1946 Malcolm Lowry produced a succession of versions or revisions of Under the Volcano. He began this lengthy undertaking in Cuernavaca, Mexico, and continued it in Los Angeles—where he moved in 1938—and Vancouver, British Columbia to which he moved just prior to the outbreak of war in 1939. In 1940 he submitted what he considered at the time to be the final version to a number of major and minor publishers, all of whom had rejected it by 1941. During the same year, having moved out of the city of Vancouver to the nearby squatter's settlement at Dollarton, Lowry re-commenced to revise the novel. By Christmas of 1944, after thousands of pages of revisions, he had more-or-less completed another "final" version, and a retyped copy of this was accepted in 1945 for publication early in 1947. In general, the many successive post-1940 versions of the novel show only minor alterations to the basic story or plot of the rejected version. But Lowry re-presented this fundamental story in such a way that the overall effect of the novel published in 1947 was extremely different from that of the rejected 1940 version. In the course of this post-1941 revising of the novel, Lowry made a great many marginal annotations. As a rule they recorded his immediate feelings or thoughts about some aspect of the draft version he was considering at the time. Examination of these notes reveals a pattern of motivation lying behind Lowry's gradual representation of the novel's basic story. On the one hand, his critical notes ultimately expressed dissatisfaction with a melodramatic and allegorical view of the world implicitly held by the narrator of the pre-1941 versions of the novel; on the other, his strategic notes complemented this criticism by recording his local attempts to represent the novel's basic story from a philosophically and psychologically more complex point-of-view. It also becomes clear during examination of Lowry's marginalia that the earlier narrator's implied view of the world was profoundly neurotic. And the structure of this neurosis precisely paralleled a neurosis evident in Lowry's own view of the people around him prior to 1941 and his move to Dollarton. Regarded in this light, Lowry's marginal notes appear to record not only a creative aesthetic development but also a creative re-vision of his own personality—a movement away from his own neurosis that he achieved by means of his literary engagement. In the final analysis the personal and literary undertakings must be understood as a single integrated process; the record of Lowry's revision of Under the Volcano is thus an extremely detailed example of precisely how literary creativity can be understood as therapy. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: João A. F. da Rocha Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Campinas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T01:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ravagnani_TeresaMassakoKakuta_M.pdf: 4382701 bytes, checksum: 5b8416905c7161abd154e0e37e995aee (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983 / Resumo: A recompressão de vapor tem sido indicada como sendo uma das alternativas mais promissoras para a recuperação da energia. A aplicação da técnica da recompressão direta de vapor em colunas de destilação é geralmente viável para sistemas que apresentam um destilado com alto calor latente e um baixo gradiente de temperatura ao longo da coluna. No entanto, para misturas em que este comportamento não e verificado, um estudo mais complexo e requerido. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar exaustivamente a utilização da recompressão direta do sistema etanol-água, onde a produto obtido é o álcool azeotrópico. Na simulação da operação da coluna convencional empregou-se o método de UNIQUAC para a predição do equilíbrio líquido-vapor e o método de Newton-Raphson para a resolução do sistema de balanço de massa, energia e equilíbrio de fases. Nestes cálculos, admitiu-se uma eficiência de Murphree de 70% nos pratos. Aplicou-se também um método para a otimização do número de pratos, que fornece o menor numero de estágios para alcançar a mesma separação, a uma dada condição de operação. Através dos resultados obtidos da coluna convensional, realizou-se cálculo da recompressão, utilizando-se um compressor do tipo politrópico, e um procedimento para a minimização da pressão de descarga. Analisou-se o efeito causado pela temperatura e composição da alimentação, razão de refluxo e eficiência politrópica do compressor sobre a energia recuperada. Verificou-se que se obtém níveis de recuperação de energia cerca de 70 a 80% para diversas condições de operação. Realizou-se também, corno estudo complementar a análise da influencia causada pela introdução de um gás inerte no ciclo de recompressão sobre a recuperação de energia. Pelos resultados, observou-se que a introdução do nitrogênio pode causar a redução da razão de compressão, no entanto, com a utilização de quantidades de N2 superiores a 200%, a aplicação da técnica de recompressão não será vantajosa em relação a destilação convencional. / Abstract: Energy recovery is now days one the most important tasks that chemical engineeries face, specially when distillation is involved. Between the energy recovery techniques to be applied to distillation columns, vapour recompression has been pointed out as one of the most promissing. The application of this technique has been discussed in the literature and recomended for distillation systems with high latent heat of vaporization and presenting a low temperature profile across the column, although no detailed work has been published related with the operational conditions of distillation columns. Hence, the present work undertaken study the application of the heat-pump principles to the distillation of the ethanol-water system, obtaining the azeotrope under various operational conditions, as this systems thus not fallows the above recomendations. In order to compare energy recovery of distillation columns using the direct vapour recompression conventional distillation columns were simulated, using the Newton-Raphson generalized method together with the block tridiagonalization of Jacobian matrix. Equilibrium data was obtained using the UNIQUAC method, and a constant Murphree efficiency of 70% was assumed for all the distillation trays. The simulation included a minimization procedure technique for the total number of trays required to obtain the azeotrope, for each one of the operational conditions of the column. The results obtained from the conventional column simulation requeriments for the direct recompression technique, using polytropic compressors were the discharge pressure was minimized during the calculations. The effects of column feed temperature and composition, reflux ratio and polytropic efficiency of the compressor upon energy recovery are analysed. The results show that the use of vapour recompression to distillation of ethanol-water appear to be a good alternative to conventional distillation as energy recovery between 70 to 80% is obtained, specially when feed composition and temperature are low. The work WJS extended to the case when an inert gas (N2) is introduced in the recompression circuit. The results show that an increase in compressed, causes a decrease in the compression ratio, although nitrogene should be added only in quantities up to 200%, as higher amounts of nitrogene lead to low energy recovery. / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientadores: Aline Vieira de Carvalho, Olga Rodrigues de Moraes von Simson / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T10:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SepulvedaVasquez_CarolaGabriela_D.pdf: 3269722 bytes, checksum: 506097f2fc5162cc859c75a501727589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a produção intelectual de Gabriela Mistral que circulou durante a etapa em que a autora desempenhou o cargo de consulesa do Chile no Brasil (1940-1945). A proposta busca compreender esta escrita como uma Roda onde Mistral conseguiu construir uma resistência que lhe permitiu viver sua experiência de autoexílio; unir pessoas, tempos e espaços e enviar mensagens educativas para se comunicar com sua comunidade imaginada da América Latina. Desde uma abordagem interdisciplinar que inclui a literatura, a história intelectual e a história da educação é que tento compreender as narrações de Mistral como cantos de Roda que incluíram diversas experiências, entre elas, o contato com a Ditadura e o Americanismo no Brasil, a Segunda Guerra mundial e o Projeto de chilenidade desenvolvido pelo seu amigo, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Presidente do Chile / Abstract: This investigation has as objective to analyze the intellectual production of Gabriela Mistral that circulated during the phase when the author performed the position of consul of Chile in Brazil (1940-1945). This proposal looks to comprehend this writing as a game of dancing in circles called "ronda", where Mistral achieved to build a resistance that let her live her experience of self-exile; join people, times and spaces and send educative messages to communicate with her imagined community of Latin America. From an interdisciplinary approach which includes the literature, the intellectual history and the history of education, I attempt to understand Mistral¿s narrations as songs of the dancing game of "ronda" that included differents experiences, among them, the contact with the Dictatorship and the Americanism in Brazil, the Second World War and the project of chilean identity developed by her friend, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, President of Chile / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia / Seminario de grado: Entendiendo la sociedad chilena y latinoamericana a través de un análisis cultural. Siglo XIX y XX

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