The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of mild pressures and hydrogen concentrations on the formation of ammonia by slow neutron irradiation of gaseous hydrogen-nitrogen systems. A secondary purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of neutron irradiation on ammonia synthesis. Apparatus consisted of two parallel reaction tubes identical except that one was under an average neutron flux of 700 neutrons per square centimeter-second in a paraffin howitzer. The reaction tubes were of pyrex with inside diameter of two inches and length of four feet. Ammonia produced was absorbed in ten-milliliter portions of very dilute hydrochloric acid, and the rinsings from the tube walls were added to the sample. Analyses of the samples were made with Nessler’s reagent and a colorimeter. Tests were performed at pressures of 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 atmospheres and at hydrogen-nitrogen molar ratios of 3.0 and 6.0. Reaction time was 24 hours, and average total flux was 6.05 x 10⁷ neutrons per square centimeter. It was found that the amount of ammonia formed in the irradiated reaction tube was from 4 percent to 73 percent greater than the amount formed without irradiation, the results for testing the effects of ratio of reactants and of pressure were too scattered to permit any valid conclusions, and that ammonia synthesis under neutron irradiation is worthy of further study as a possible industrial process. / Master of Science

The purpose of this experiment was to study the self-selected dietary intakes and some of the food practices of twenty-six preadolescent girls as determined from two-week dietary records and to compare the calculated self-selected intakes with Recommended Dietary Allowances of the National Research Council. Subjects between the ages of seven and nine years and in the height-weight range considered normal for this sex-age group were chosen. After different methods of dietary survey were considered the two-week record of food intake was used. Forms and instructions for recording data were given to the mothers and they recorded foods consumed by the subjects in household measurements. Nutrient intakes for each subject were calculated using United States Department of Agriculture Handbook Number 8. The mean dietary intakes for all subjects were equal to or above allowances of the National Research Council. The seven year old group had higher nutrient intakes than the eight or nine year old groups. Food habits were studied. The consumption of about a quart of milk per day per subject and the practice of eating substantial breakfasts were practices to which credit was due for above average rating in nutrient intake. Since girls in this study were to be subjects in a metabolism balance study to follow, it was imperative that their typical food intakes be at least equal to and compare favorably with the average for this age group. Their dietary histories and their physical examinations proved them to be entirely acceptable. / Master of Science

A generating voltmeter capable of measuring one, two, or found million volts has been designed and constructed for use with the Virginia Polytechnical Institute electrostatic accelerator. The voltmeter is a grounded shutter type, the rectified output of which is measured by a vacuum tube voltmeter. The voltmeter was calibrated by known nuclear resonances of fluoride. The calibration showed the meter to be accurate to within five percent at half scale deflation on the one million volts range the less than plus or minus three percent on the two million volts range. / Master of Science

A report that the ethylene oxide fumigation of animal diets reduced their nutritive value has prompted a more detailed study of the reactions of this commercially-used fumigant. It has been demonstrated that the 24-hour fumigation of commercial casein, egg albumin and lactalbumin with ethylene oxide greatly reduced the ability of these proteins to support the growth of weanling rats when the proteins were fed as 9% of a purified diet as the sole source of amino acid nitrogen. Thorough drying of the proteins reduced the extent of subsequent fumigation damage. The nutritional quality of the three proteins was completely restored by the supplementary feeding of L-histidine-HCl, DL-methionine, and L-lysine-HCl, or, in some cases, only one or two of these amino acids. Microbiological assay confirmed a reduction in the biological availability of 11% to 83% of the histidine, 6% to 55% of the methionine and 51 to 92% of the lysine, depending on the protein and the amount of moisture present during fumigation. Histidine was generally the most labile amino acid and lysine the least labile. Additional amino acids appeared to be affected when an hydrolysate of casein was fumigated. The ethylene oxide fumigation of soybean alpha protein improves its growth-promoting quality for the rat. Evidence is presented that fumigation inactivates the heat-labile proteinaceous growth inhibitor, long recognized as a component of soybean protein. Chemical justification for the destructive action of ethylene oxide on the biological value of histidine, methionine, and certain B-vitamins was sought by reacting model compounds in aqueous solution with the fumigant and identifying the products. At 25°C. and atmospheric pressure ethylene oxide readily hydroxyethylates tertiary as well as primary and secondary amine nitrogen and also the sulfur of thioethers. Imidazole and histidine yield the 1,3-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium derivatives; nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and pyridine yield the corresponding N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridinium compounds; and N-acetylmethionine is converted to s-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-acetylmethionine, thetin. The reaction of ethylene oxide with amino acids results in hydroxyethylation of the primary amino groups but no esterification of carboxyl groups was observed. The extent of ethylene oxide-imidazole reaction in fumigated proteins could be determined colorimetrically. In the presence of ethylene oxide the mercapto group of cysteine appears to become doubly alkylated to produce a sulfonium compound which causes a flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure and death when injected subcutaneously into weanling rats. The structure of the compound bears certain similarities to other synthetic spasmolytics. Evidence is presented that the reaction of ethylene oxide with pyridoxine, riboflavin and folic acid involves the hydroxyethylation of tertiary heterocyclic nitrogens. A striking resemblance was observed between the alkylating capacity of ethylene oxide and the sulfur and nitrogen mustards. New compounds described are 1,3-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium chloride; N¹-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinic acid, betaine; and N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinic acid chloride. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide chloride was also crystallized and its melting point found to be 14 degrees centigrade higher than previously reported in the literature. Other reaction products were studied in solution or as solid adducts of reinecke's salt or phosphotungstic acid. The proteolytic activity of chymotrypsin was progressively reduced by exposure of the cystalline enzyme to ethylene oxide vapor or by treatment of the enzyme in aqueous solution with the fumigant. However, treatment of chymotrypsin in aqueous solution with ethylene oxide did not impair its ability to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl acetate. Likewise, the imidazole groups of native chymotrypsin appear to be protected from the hydroxyethylating action of ethylene oxide. Denaturing the protein in 8 M urea uncovered the imidazole groups and permitted reaction with the fumigant. On the basis of these studies it is felt that the effect of existing commercial ethylene oxide fumigating processes on the nutritive value of foods and feedstuffs bears closer investigation. / Ph. D.

Internal parasites of cattle are capable of causing great economic loss, but the extent of this loss and the savings that can result from control of cattle parasites have only recently received serious attention. For the past several years extension animal husbandmen and veterinarians have reported with increasing frequency parasitic infections in cattle in the State of Virginia. Hence, the Animal Husbandry Department in conjunction with the Animal Pathology Department of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute initiated in the Autumn and Spring of 1953-1954 a survey in the State to obtain information concerning the incidence of bovine parasitism. Three methods have been utilized in diagnosing specific parasitism in domestic animals. Until recently the method commonly employed has been that of post mortem examination. In this type of examination the various digestive organs are tied off in place and then removed for examination for specific parasites. This method, while affording positive information on the one animal sacrificed, could not be regarded as giving sufficient information on the living animals unless a significant percentage of animals were autopsied. The second method is fecal culture which is usually regarded as too time consuming and involving the services of a technician skilled in identification of infective larvae. Lately, differential egg counts have been employed. This method has the advantage of quick diagnosis of mixed infections without loss of animals to slaughter. Therefore, more animals can be examined and a better estimate of the helminth population as a whole can be obtained. The principal disadvantage of this method lies in errors due to mis-identifications of the ova. The 1953-1954 survey employed the differential egg count method. The present study is an outgrowth of the problem of identifying, with reasonable accuracy, some of the commonly occurring species of nematode ova found in samples of cattle feces. / Master of Science

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El Partido Radical durante el Gobierno de Jorge Alessandri, 1958-1964. ¿Porqué este tema para la memoria de un estudiante de Derecho?. La verdad es que muchas personas me han hecho esta pregunta cuando les he hablado de este trabajo, y me ha costado explicarles la razón, ya que podría pensarse que este es un tema propio de estudiantes de Historia. Durante el año 2002 se impartió en nuestra Facultad el Taller de Memoria llamado “La crisis Institucional de Chile en el Siglo XX”, tema muy amplio y que el profesor que impartía dicho Taller decidió circunscribirlo a la Reforma Agraria y los efectos que ésta produjo en nuestro país. Dentro de este marco yo me dediqué a investigar sobre el Gobierno de Jorge Alessandri y la Ley N° 15.020, la primera Ley de Reforma Agraria de nuestro país y que fue promulgada el 27 de noviembre de 1962. En el transcurso de esta investigación encontré que el Presidente Alessandri no era partidario de efectuar la Reforma Agraria, pero que debió ceder en esta materia frente a presiones de importantes sectores que sí querían esta reforma. Entre estas presiones estuvieron las de Estados Unidos y la Alianza Para el Progreso, la Iglesia Católica de nuestro país, sectores de izquierda y el Partido Radical. De todos estos “grupos de presión” el que más me atrajo fue el Partido Radical, ya que me era difícil entender porque este Partido, que entre 1938 y 1952 había gobernado junto a los partidos de izquierda, se vinculaba ahora a un Gobierno que era respaldado por los Partidos de Derecha (el Liberal y el Conservador Unido). Ante esta situación, decidimos con mi profesor guía, don Juan Eduardo Vargas Cariola, abordar en esta memoria las relaciones entre Partido Radical y el Gobierno de Jorge Alessandri, partiendo en las elecciones presidenciales de 1958 y concluyendo en las de 1964, ambas elecciones en las que los candidatos radicales sufrieron importantes

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QUEZADO, Ana Leopoldina Macedo. Fortaleza nos primeiros tempos da TV: cotidiano, memória e cultura (1958-1965). 2007. 175 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-22T13:09:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_ALMQuezado.pdf: 7530971 bytes, checksum: 0941ae05820e78059d835a73fa76f5b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-25T13:00:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_ALMQuezado.pdf: 7530971 bytes, checksum: 0941ae05820e78059d835a73fa76f5b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-25T13:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_ALMQuezado.pdf: 7530971 bytes, checksum: 0941ae05820e78059d835a73fa76f5b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The purpose of this paper is to ponder the first days of television in Fortaleza´s everyday life since the preliminary movements towards the set up of the pioneer TV station, TV Ceará. This period of time started in 1958; going through 1960 with the inauguration of the broadcast, where its programs were produced locally; until 1965 with the arrival of the videotape programs produced in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. For this work I used the methodology from Oral History to be able to interpret the memories told by people who lived in Fortaleza during the period I have studied, making evident the daily schemes and social experiences, marked by complexity and studded with historically located conflicts. I consider that, despite the individual recollections related to their times and life, the memories registered from each one of those who gave evidence, have elements that are common to other people who were present at the same time. I have also searched newspapers and magazines to “investigate” how the insertion of the TV station, as part of the so-called cultural industry, have altered the dynamics of the state´s capital, marking the moments where it was present impelling new habits and customs as well as giving origin to spaces of sociability. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre o cotidiano de Fortaleza nos primeiros tempos da tv, a partir do movimento para instalação da pioneira TV Ceará, num período que se inicia em 1958, passa pela inauguração da emissora, em 1960, com a programação toda produzida na cidade; estendendo-se até 1965, quando chegam aqui os programas gravados em veideoteipe, produzidos no Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Neste trabalho, recorri aos métodos da história oral a fim de interpretar as memórias narradas pelas pessoas que vivenciaram Fortaleza no período estudado, evidenciando as tramas do cotidiano e as experiências sociais, marcadas pela complexidade e permeadas por conflitos historicamente localizados. Considero que, mesmo guardando lembranças individuais, que são relacionadas a seu tempo, à sua vida, as recordações registradas de cada depoente carregam elementos comuns a outras pessoas "presentes" na mesma realidade. Também pesquisei jornais e revistas a fim de "investigar" como a inservação da TV Ceará enquanto objeto da chamada indústria cultural alterou a dinâmica da Capital Cearense.

早期多元尺度（MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING, MDS ）處理屬性（ATTRIBUTE ）分數資 料的方法較重要者有二：其一為利用展開（UNFOLDING ）模型將客體與屬性於同一構 形中表示，其二為將屬性分數資料利用簡單歐氏距離公式轉換為接近程度資料，再根 據各種MDS 方法求得客體之構形，並運用屬性配適，將客體投影至屬性軸。但前者易 產生不易解釋之退化（DEGENERATE）解，而後者之屬性配適往往很差，且未考慮屬性 重要之差異，因此該２種分析方法在實務應用的效果並非十分良好。此外，此述２種 方法並未提出屬性理想點，整體屬性評估理想點之觀念，且在分析主體整體性之評估 行為時，只將所有主體評估之屬性分數矩陣或接近程度資料矩陣予以簡單平均，並未 考慮外同主體對研究者重要程度不一的情形，甚不合理。 有鑑於此，本研究發展以實務為導向之MDS 方法，專門用以處理屬性分數資料，除應 用各種已經發展之MDS 方法，並融入主體與屬性聯合加權、屬性理想點、加權起始構 形等觀念及處理方法，其分析步驟為：利用主體與屬性聯合加權及COOPER（１９７２ ）增加常數方法轉換原始投入資料，再根據TORGERSON （１９５８）古典ＭＤＳ方法 、KRUSKAL （１９６４）之單調迴歸方法、BORG-LINGOES（１９８７）梯度法及加權 起始構形觀念求得客體與屬性理想點之最佳聯合構形。 為探討上述架構之可行性，本研究以個案公司之罐裝咖啡為例進行實證分析，實證中 以２０位受測者對７種罐裝咖啡之廣告全、口味香純、包裝精美、企業形良好、價格 合理、品牌知名度高等６種屬性評估所得之屬性分數矩陣驗證此一理論架構。

M.A. (African Languages) / This study presents an analysis of A.S.M. Zuma's poetry using the methodological assumptions of Russian Formalists. It gives a detailed account of the aspects of language responsible for the transformation of everyday language into the language of poetry that is discernible in A.S.M. Zuma's anthology "Indlela yomcacamezelo". For practical purposes, this study is divided into five chapters each with definite service to render towards the analysis of Zuma's poetry. For instance, Chapter One introduces the study and also gives a biographical sketch of A.S.M. Zuma. Chapter Two gives a theoretical outline of Russian Formalism. Chapter Three deals with textual patterning and linguistic deviation as mechanisms of "literariness". Chapter Four looks at the use of imagery in committing poetic violence to practical language. Chapter Five is a concluding statement that looks back into the four chapters and also gives aspects not covered in this study.